scholarly journals ANTIGENS IN IMMUNITY

1964 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
G. J. V. Nossal
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Colloidal Carbon ◽  
Antigen Localization ◽  
Popliteal Lymph Nodes ◽  
Great Surface ◽  
Great Surface Area

The localization of antigen in primary follicles and germinal centers of rat popliteal lymph nodes described previously using I125- and I125-labeled antigen has been confirmed by direct staining with fluorescent antibodies. A fine web of phagocytic reticulum in primary follicles was found to be responsible for antigen localization in this area. The nature of this web was confirmed by studies of the localization of colloidal carbon. This unique feature of primary follicles is discussed in relation to its importance in the induction of immune responses, our belief being that the great surface area of antigen retaining cytoplasm in primary follicles is responsible for the appearance of germinal centers in these particular parts of the node.

scholarly journals Lymph Follicles and Germinal Centers in Popliteal lymph Nodes and Other Lymphoid Tissues of Germ-Free and Conventional Rats.

1992 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAJIME HOSHI ◽  
HIROSHI AIJIMA ◽  
KAEKO HORIE ◽  
HIDETSUGU NAGATA ◽  
TORU KANEKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Popliteal Lymph Nodes

scholarly journals Systemic immune reaction in axillary lymph nodes adds to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer prognostication

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Liu ◽  
Thomas Hardiman ◽  
Kailiang Wu ◽  
Jelmar Quist ◽  
Patrycja Gazinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

AbstractThe level of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2-positive breast cancers convey prognostic information. The importance of systemic immunity to local immunity is unknown in breast cancer. We previously demonstrated that histological alterations in axillary lymph nodes (LNs) carry clinical relevance. Here, we capture local immune responses by scoring TILs at the primary tumor and systemic immune responses by recording the formation of secondary follicles, also known as germinal centers, in 2,857 cancer-free and involved axillary LNs on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections from a retrospective cohort of 161 LN-positive triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Our data demonstrate that the number of germinal center formations across all cancer-free LNs, similar to high levels of TILs, is associated with a good prognosis in low TILs TNBC. This highlights the importance of assessing both primary and LN immune responses for prognostication and for future breast cancer research.

scholarly journals Innate cell microenvironments in lymph nodes shape the generation of T cell responses during type I inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (56) ◽  
pp. eabb9435
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Leal ◽  
Jessica Y. Huang ◽  
Karan Kohli ◽  
Caleb Stoltzfus ◽  
Miranda R. Lyons-Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Monocytes ◽  
Cell Effector

Microanatomical organization of innate immune cells within lymph nodes (LNs) is critical for the generation of adaptive responses. In particular, steady-state LN-resident dendritic cells (Res cDCs) are strategically localized to intercept lymph-draining antigens. Whether myeloid cell organization changes during inflammation and how that might affect the generation of immune responses are unknown. Here, we report that during type I, but not type II, inflammation after adjuvant immunization or viral infection, antigen-presenting Res cDCs undergo CCR7-dependent intranodal repositioning from the LN periphery into the T cell zone (TZ) to elicit T cell priming. Concurrently, inflammatory monocytes infiltrate the LNs via local blood vessels, enter the TZ, and cooperate with Res cDCs by providing polarizing cytokines to optimize T cell effector differentiation. Monocyte infiltration is nonuniform across LNs, generating distinct microenvironments with varied local innate cell composition. These spatial microdomains are associated with divergent early T cell effector programming, indicating that innate microenvironments within LNs play a critical role in regulating the quality and heterogeneity of T cell responses. Together, our findings reveal that dynamic modulation of innate cell microenvironments during type I inflammation leads to optimized generation of adaptive immune responses to vaccines and infections.

scholarly journals Association between IgG4-related disease and progressively transformed germinal centers of lymph nodes

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 956-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuharu Sato ◽  
Dai Inoue ◽  
Naoko Asano ◽  
Katsuyoshi Takata ◽  
Hideki Asaoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Igg4 Related Disease

Twenty-Four-Hour Rhythms in Immune Responses in Rat Submaxillary Lymph Nodes and Spleen: Effect of Cyclosporine

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana I. Esquifino ◽  
Laura Selgas ◽  
Agustı́n Arce ◽  
Valeria Della Maggiore ◽  
Daniel P. Cardinali
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes

Mesenchymal stem cells induce the expansion of regulatory T cells in abortion-prone mice

Reproduction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Salek Farrokhi ◽  
Amir-Hassan Zarnani ◽  
Fatemeh Rezaei kahmini ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Moazzeni
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the most common complications of early pregnancy associated in most cases with local or systemic immune abnormalities such as the diminished proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to modulate immune responses by de novo induction and expansion of Tregs. In this study, we analyzed the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in Treg-associated pregnancy protection following MSCs administration in an abortion-prone mouse mating. In a case-control study, syngeneic abdominal fat-derived MSCs were administered intraperitoneally (i.p) to the DBA/2-mated CBA/J female mice on day 4.5 of pregnancy. Abortion rate, Tregs proportion in spleen and inguinal lymph nodes, and Ho1, Foxp3, Pd1, and Ctla4 genes expression at the feto-maternal interface were then measured on day 13.5 of pregnancy using flow cytometry and quantitative RT- PCR, respectively. The abortion rate in MSCs-treated mice was significantly reduced and normalized to the level observed in normal pregnant animals. We demonstrated a significant induction of Tregs in inguinal lymph nodes but not in the spleen following MSCs administration. Administration of MSCs remarkably upregulated the expression of HO1, Foxp3, Pd1, and Ctla4 genes in both placenta and decidua. Here, we show that MSCs therapy could protect the fetus in the abortion-prone mice through Tregs expansion and up-regulation of Treg-related genes. These events could establish an immune-privileged microenvironment, which participates in regulation of detrimental maternal immune responses against the semi-allogeneic fetus.

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