Dehydration of Ethanol: New Approach Gives Positive Energy Balance

The belief that breakfast is the most important meal of day has been derived from cross-sectional studies that have associated breakfast consumption with a lower BMI. This suggests that breakfast omission either leads to an increase in energy intake or a reduction in energy expenditure over the remainder of the day, resulting in a state of positive energy balance. However, observational studies do not imply causality. A number of intervention studies have been conducted, enabling more precise determination of breakfast manipulation on indices of energy balance. This review will examine the results from these studies in adults, attempting to identify causal links between breakfast and energy balance, as well as determining whether consumption of breakfast influences exercise performance. Despite the associations in the literature, intervention studies have generally found a reduction in total daily energy intake when breakfast is omitted from the daily meal pattern. Moreover, whilst consumption of breakfast supresses appetite during the morning, this effect appears to be transient as the first meal consumed after breakfast seems to offset appetite to a similar extent, independent of breakfast. Whether breakfast affects energy expenditure is less clear. Whilst breakfast does not seem to affect basal metabolism, breakfast omission may reduce free-living physical activity and endurance exercise performance throughout the day. In conclusion, the available research suggests breakfast omission may influence energy expenditure more strongly than energy intake. Longer term intervention studies are required to confirm this relationship, and determine the impact of these variables on weight management.

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Weight Dysregulation, Positive Energy Balance, and Binge Eating in Eating Disorders

Binge Eating ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-43562-2_5 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 59-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael R. Lowe ◽

Leora L. Haller ◽

Simar Singh ◽

Joanna Y. Chen

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Positive Energy Balance

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Murine neuronatin deficiency is associated with a hypervariable food intake and bimodal obesity

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96278-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Irene Cimino ◽

Debra Rimmington ◽

Y. C. Loraine Tung ◽

Katherine Lawler ◽

Pierre Larraufie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Food Intake ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Chow Diet ◽

Chromatin Regulator ◽

Positive Energy Balance ◽

The Impact ◽

Deficient Mice

AbstractNeuronatin (Nnat) has previously been reported to be part of a network of imprinted genes downstream of the chromatin regulator Trim28. Disruption of Trim28 or of members of this network, including neuronatin, results in an unusual phenotype of a bimodal body weight. To better characterise this variability, we examined the key contributors to energy balance in Nnat+/−p mice that carry a paternal null allele and do not express Nnat. Consistent with our previous studies, Nnat deficient mice on chow diet displayed a bimodal body weight phenotype with more than 30% of Nnat+/−p mice developing obesity. In response to both a 45% high fat diet and exposure to thermoneutrality (30 °C) Nnat deficient mice maintained the hypervariable body weight phenotype. Within a calorimetry system, food intake in Nnat+/−p mice was hypervariable, with some mice consuming more than twice the intake seen in wild type littermates. A hyperphagic response was also seen in Nnat+/−p mice in a second, non-home cage environment. An expected correlation between body weight and energy expenditure was seen, but corrections for the effects of positive energy balance and body weight greatly diminished the effect of neuronatin deficiency on energy expenditure. Male and female Nnat+/−p mice displayed subtle distinctions in the degree of variance body weight phenotype and food intake and further sexual dimorphism was reflected in different patterns of hypothalamic gene expression in Nnat+/−p mice. Loss of the imprinted gene Nnat is associated with a highly variable food intake, with the impact of this phenotype varying between genetically identical individuals.

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Energy Balance Calculation with Life Cycle Assessment for Production of Palm Biodiesel in Indonesia

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201912510005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 125 ◽

pp. 10005

Author(s):

Yoyon Wahyono ◽

H. Hadiyanto ◽

Mochamad Arief Budihardjo ◽

Widayat

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Production Process ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Balance Analysis ◽

Positive Energy Balance ◽

Energy Balance Analysis ◽

Energy Surplus

Energy balance analysis study for the production process of biodiesel needs to be done to find out whether a production process of biodiesel activity has a surplus energy or minus energy. This study aims to analyse the balance of energy of the plantation of palm, production of palm oil, and production process units of biodiesel with the life cycle assessment in Banyuasin - Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the largest energy input in the plantation of palm, production of palm oil, and production process units of biodiesel sequentially is the use of urea as N-fertilizer, electricity, and methanol. The value of NEB and NER in the production process of palm biodiesel sequentially is 5871 MJ and 1.17. Finally, the production process of palm biodiesel in Banyuasin area has a positive energy balance. The activity of production of palm biodiesel is proper to operate because it produces an energy surplus.

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Positive energy balance accelerates muscle atrophy and increases erythrocyte glutathione turnover rate during 35 days of bed rest

Journal of Renal Nutrition ◽

10.1053/j.jrn.2008.03.108 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. S27

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Muscle Atrophy ◽

Turnover Rate ◽

Bed Rest ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Positive Energy Balance

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Breakfast and exercise contingently affect postprandial metabolism and energy balance in physically active males

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512005582 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 110 (4) ◽

pp. 721-732 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Javier T. Gonzalez ◽

Rachel C. Veasey ◽

Penny L. S. Rumbold ◽

Emma J. Stevenson

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Postprandial Metabolism ◽

Physically Active ◽

Breakfast Consumption ◽

Positive Energy Balance ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

The Impact ◽

Test Drink

The present study examined the impact of breakfast and exercise on postprandial metabolism, appetite and macronutrient balance. A sample of twelve (blood variables n 11) physically active males completed four trials in a randomised, crossover design comprising a continued overnight fast followed by: (1) rest without breakfast (FR); (2) exercise without breakfast (FE); (3) breakfast consumption (1859 kJ) followed by rest (BR); (4) breakfast consumption followed by exercise (BE). Exercise was continuous, moderate-intensity running (expending approximately 2·9 MJ of energy). The equivalent time was spent sitting during resting trials. A test drink (1500 kJ) was ingested on all trials followed 90 min later by an ad libitum lunch. The difference between the BR and FR trials in blood glucose time-averaged AUC following test drink consumption approached significance (BR: 4·33 (sem 0·14) v. FR: 4·75 (sem 0·16) mmol/l; P= 0·08); but it was not different between FR and FE (FE: 4·77 (sem 0·14) mmol/l; P= 0·65); and was greater in BE (BE: 4·97 (sem 0·13) mmol/l) v. BR (P= 0·012). Appetite following the test drink was reduced in BR v. FR (P= 0·006) and in BE v. FE (P= 0·029). Following lunch, the most positive energy balance was observed in BR and least positive in FE. Regardless of breakfast, acute exercise produced a less positive energy balance following ad libitum lunch consumption. Energy and fat balance is further reduced with breakfast omission. Breakfast improved the overall appetite responses to foods consumed later in the day, but abrogated the appetite-suppressive effect of exercise.

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Orexin A (hypocretin 1) injected into hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and spontaneous physical activity in rats

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00126.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 286 (4) ◽

pp. E551-E559 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Kohji Kiwaki ◽

Catherine M. Kotz ◽

Chuanfeng Wang ◽

Lorraine Lanningham-Foster ◽

James A. Levine

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Night Vision ◽

Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Orexin A ◽

Positive Energy Balance ◽

Activity Sensors ◽

Spontaneous Physical Activity

In humans, nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) increases with positive energy balance. The mediator of the interaction between positive energy balance and physical activity is unknown. In this study, we address the hypothesis that orexin A acts in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to increase nonfeeding-associated physical activity. PVN-cannulated rats were injected with either orexin A or vehicle during the light and dark cycle. Spontaneous physical activity (SPA) was measured using arrays of infrared activity sensors and night vision videotaped recording (VTR). O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured by indirect calorimetry. Feeding behavior was assessed by VTR. Regardless of the time point of injection, orexin A (1 nmol) was associated with dramatic increases in SPA for 2 h after injection (orexin A: 6.27 ± 1.95 × 103 beam break count, n = 24; vehicle: 1.85 ± 1.13 × 103, n = 38). This increase in SPA was accompanied by compatible increase in O2 consumption. Duration of feeding was increased only when orexin A was injected in the early light phase and accounted for only 3.5 ± 2.5% of the increased physical activity. In a dose-response experiment, increases in SPA were correlated with dose of orexin A linearly up to 2 nmol. PVN injections of orexin receptor antagonist SB-334867 were associated with decreases in SPA and attenuated the effects of PVN-injected orexin A. Thus orexin A can act in PVN to increase nonfeeding-associated physical activity, suggesting that this neuropeptide might be a mediator of NEAT.

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