Food deprivation increases oral and intravenous drug intake in rats

Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 205 (4403) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Carroll ◽  
CP France ◽  
RA Meisch
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Drug Intake ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Feeding Condition ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Continuous Access

Rats given continuous access to etonitazene hydrochloride in their drinking water (5 micrograms per milliliter) more than doubled their drug intake while deprived of food. Another group of rats with implanted jugular catheters self-administered etonitazene (10 micrograms per kilogram) intravenously on a continuous reinforcement schedule, and the number of infusions increased significantly on days when they were deprived of food. These results suggest that feeding condition may be a powerful determinant of drug-reinforced behavior.

scholarly journals Training protocol for touchscreen-based visual discrimination in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Goto ◽  
Yuya Hataji
Keyword(s):  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Magazine Training ◽  
Stimulus Position ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Contrast Discrimination ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Training Protocol

Automated touchscreen-based tasks are increasingly being used to explore a broad range of issues in learning and behavior in mice. Researchers usually report how they train mice before acquiring the target task concisely, and shaping protocols at this stage are typically flexible. In this report, we described a training protocol, developed in our laboratory, for mice acquiring a simultaneous discrimination performance using visual stimuli. C57BL/6N mice were first given magazine training. Nosepoke responses were then authoshaped and maintained on a continuous reinforcement schedule. Self-start response was then introduced in order to measure response time to complete each trial. The stimulus position was also varied across trials. We finally examined the contrast discrimination performance. Mice were tested with four different contrast ratios. Target stimuli were white and black targets and the brightness of distractors had values between targets and background. All mice successfully went through all training stages, confirming that this training protocol is promising for shaping appropriate discriminative behaviors in mice.

The Influence of Partial Reinforcement on Serial Autoshaping with Pigeons

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (4b) ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Collins ◽  
Douglas B. Young ◽  
Keith Davies ◽  
John M. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Associative Strength ◽  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Compound Conditioning ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Serial Compound

The effect of partial reinforcement on the rate of responding during the first element of a serial compound was investigated using autoshaping in pigeons. Experiment I employed the illumination of a response key by two different colours as the elements of the compound. Responding during the first element was faster when this stimulus was intermittently paired with the second element and the unconditioned stimulus than when a continuous reinforcement schedule was employed. Experiment II demonstrated that this effect of partial reinforcement is unaffected by maniuplating the associative strength of the second element at the outset of compound conditioning. A similar effect of partial reinforcement was also found in Experiment III which used a tone as the first element of the serial compound.

Overtraining Extinction Effect Using a Free-Operant Procedure

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom N. Tombaugh ◽  
Pierre St. Jean
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Extended Training ◽  
Free Operant ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Increasing Function ◽  
Operant Procedure ◽  
Free Operant Situation

The effects of five levels of training (210, 490, 1470, 2450, 3430 reinforced responses) on extinction performance were investigated. A free-operant bar-press paradigm was employed. A continuous reinforcement schedule was used with .12 ml. of 64% sucrose. Number of bar-presses and duration of time to reach a 1-min. non-response criterion showed that resistance to extinction was an increasing function of the number of reinforcements during training. However, the amount of time required to reach a 5-min. criterion showed the opposite relationship. It was concluded that different criteria reflected different patterns of extinction behavior and that the overtraining extinction effect (decreased resistance to extinction following extended training) could be demonstrated in a free-operant situation if the appropriate criteria were selected.

The Fish Stick: An Easy-to-Use Classroom Training Apparatus for Fish

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Miskovsky ◽  
Brittney Becker ◽  
Alleah Hilker ◽  
Charles I. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Control ◽  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Comparative Psychology ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Classroom Training ◽  
Training Apparatus ◽  
Psychology Of Learning

The fish stick is an easy-to-use device for conditioning fish under classroom conditions. It is constructed from inexpensive plastic pipe available at most hardware stores and uses electronic components available at retail electronics outlets. Fish press a nipple for baby food which can be brought under stimulus control using lights, vibratory cues, or both. The fish stick is suitable for inquiry-based experiences in courses on the psychology of learning or comparative psychology. Data are presented using a continuous reinforcement schedule and discrimination learning. Students report that the fish are easy to train and enjoy the hands-on experience.

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule

2010 ◽  
pp. 354-354
Author(s):  
Daniel Hoyer ◽  
Eric P Zorrilla ◽  
Pietro Cottone ◽  
Sarah Parylak ◽  
Micaela Morelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement

Interactions of 2-PPM Lead in the Water Supply with Food Deprivation upon Maze-Swimming Behavior of Mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kowalski ◽  
G. H. Parker ◽  
M. A. Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Swimming Behavior ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Food Condition ◽  
Ad Libitum

Mice that had been given either tap water or 2 ppm lead in their drinking water and either severely food deprived (3 days before testing) or allowed food ad libitum demonstrated significant interactions of lead treatment by day by food condition and lead by block. Although not statistically significant, the food deprived-lead treated mice displayed more errors and longer latencies than the ad libitum-water controls. The food deprived-water controls and ad libitum-lead-treated mice displayed intermediate values. The importance of using multivariate statistical techniques that can evaluate dynamic repeated behavioral measurements is emphasized.

Refining the Effects Observed in a Developmental Neurobehavioral Study of Ammonium Perchlorate Administered Orally in Drinking Water to Rats. II. Behavioral and Neurodevelopment Effects

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond G. York ◽  
John Barnett ◽  
Michael F. Girard ◽  
David R. Mattie ◽  
Marni V. K. Bekkedal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Continuous Access ◽  
Brain Morphometry ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right

A developmental neurotoxicity study was conducted to generate additional data on the potential functional and morphological hazard to the central nervous system caused by ammonium perchlorate in offspring from in utero and lactation exposure. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (23 to 25/group) were given continuous access to 0 (carrier), 0.1, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/kg-day perchlorate in the drinking water beginning 2 weeks prior to mating and continuing through day 10 of lactation for the behavioral function assessment or given continuous access to 0 (carrier), 0.1, 1.0, 3.0, and 30.0 mg/kg-day beginning on gestation day 0 and continuing through day 10 of lactation for neurodevelopment assessments. Motor activity was conducted on postpartum days 14, 18, and 22 and juvenile brain weights, neurohistopathological examinations, and regional brain morphometry were conducted on postpartum days 10 and 22. This research revealed a sexually dimorphic response, with some brain regions being larger in perchlorate-treated male rats than in comparable controls. Even so, there was no evidence of any obvious exposure-related effects on male rat brain weights or neuropathology. The most consistent exposure-related effect in the male pups was on the thickness of the corpus callosum, with both the right- and left-sided measures of the thickness of this white matter tract being significantly greater for the male pups in the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg-day exposure groups. The behavioral testing suggests prenatal exposure to ammonium perchlorate does not affect the development of gross motor movements in the pups.

Adaptation to 23½-Hour Food Deprivation: A Strain Comparison

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1276-1278
Author(s):  
Sherwood O. Cole ◽  
Patricia E. Gay
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Final Level ◽  
Strain Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference

Five albino and 5 hooded rats were administered 12 successive ½-hr. adaptation sessions of continuous reinforcement under 23½-hr. cycles of food deprivation. All Ss adjusted to the cyclic deprivation within the 12 sessions, but no significant difference in over-all rate or final level of adaptation by the two strains was observed. However, a significant difference in mean number of bar presses by the two strains on Sessions 5 to 8 suggests the need for allowing at least 8 days of adaptation to such conditions before Ss are used in operant studies.

THE INTERRELATION BETWEEN PIGEONS’ SCHEDULE-INDUCED AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AND THE RECIPIENTS’ COUNTER-BEHAVIOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-499
Author(s):  
Takashi Sakuma ◽  
Tetsumi Moriyama
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Food Reinforcement ◽  
Key Peck ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Food Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Interlocking Contingencies ◽  
Positive Correlations

The present experiment was conducted to investigate whether an experimental pigeon's shield-peck responses toward a target pigeon could be induced by a food reinforcement schedule consisting of continuous reinforcement (CRF) and extinction. Further, the interaction between experimental and target pigeons’ shield-peck responses was investigated. The experiment was an ABAB design consisting of alternating phases of nonreinforcement (A) and CRF-extinction (B) of the experimental pigeons' key-peck responses unrelated to their shield-peck responses. The experimental pigeons' shield-peck responses were induced by the CRF-extinction schedule. Further, there were positive correlations between the experimental and the target pigeons' shield-peck responses revealing a similar trend in both their response rates. Thus, the experimental pigeons’ shield-peck responses were controlled by variables including the reinforcement schedule and social stimuli including ontogenic and phylogenic variables derived from their target pigeons. Moreover, the pigeons' responses could be classified as an aggressive behavior derived from the interlocking contingencies of the responses of the pigeons of the dyads.

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