The Effects of X-Rays on Cancer Cells

Science ◽  
1932 ◽  
Vol 76 (1957) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
X Rays

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Gold Nanoparticles and Ionizing Radiation on Cell Motility between Primary Human Colonic and Melanocytic Cells and Their Cancerous Counterparts

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
Elham Shahhoseini ◽  
Masao Nakayama ◽  
Terrence J. Piva ◽  
Moshi Geso
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cell Adherence ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
Primary Colon ◽  
Radiation Induced

This study examined the effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and/or ionizing radiation (IR) on the viability and motility of human primary colon epithelial (CCD841) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW48) cells as well as human primary epidermal melanocytes (HEM) and melanoma (MM418-C1) cells. AuNPs up to 4 mM had no effect on the viability of these cell lines. The viability of the cancer cells was ~60% following exposure to 5 Gy. Exposure to 5 Gy X-rays or 1 mM AuNPs showed the migration of the cancer cells ~85% that of untreated controls, while co-treatment with AuNPs and IR decreased migration to ~60%. In the non-cancerous cell lines gap closure was enhanced by ~15% following 1 mM AuNPs or 5 Gy treatment, while for co-treatment it was ~22% greater than that for the untreated controls. AuNPs had no effect on cell re-adhesion, while IR enhanced only the re-adhesion of the cancer cell lines but not their non-cancerous counterparts. The addition of AuNPs did not enhance cell adherence. This different reaction to AuNPs and IR in the cancer and normal cells can be attributed to radiation-induced adhesiveness and metabolic differences between tumour cells and their non-cancerous counterparts.

scholarly journals N-Dihydrogalactochitosan Potentiates the Radiosensitivity of Liver Metastatic Tumor Cells Originated from Murine Breast Tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5581
Author(s):  
Chung-Yih Wang ◽  
Chun-Yuan Chang ◽  
Chun-Yu Wang ◽  
Kaili Liu ◽  
Chia-Yun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
4T1 Cells ◽  
4T1 Breast Cancer

Radiation is a widely used therapeutic method for treating breast cancer. N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC), a biocompatible immunostimulant, is known to enhance the effects of various treatment modalities in different tumor types. However, whether GC can enhance the radiosensitivity of cancer cells remains to be explored. In this study, triple-negative murine 4T1 breast cancer cells transduced with multi-reporter genes were implanted in immunocompetent Balb/C mice to track, dissect, and identify liver-metastatic 4T1 cells. These cells expressed cancer stem cell (CSC) -related characteristics, including the ability to form spheroids, the expression of the CD44 marker, and the increase of protein stability. We then ex vivo investigated the potential effect of GC on the radiosensitivity of the liver-metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cells and compared the results to those of parental 4T1 cells subjected to the same treatment. The cells were irradiated with increased doses of X-rays with or without GC treatment. Colony formation assays were then performed to determine the survival fractions and radiosensitivity of these cells. We found that GC preferably increased the radiosensitivity of liver-metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cells rather than that of the parental cells. Additionally, the single-cell DNA electrophoresis assay (SCDEA) and γ-H2AX foci assay were performed to assess the level of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). Compared to the parental cells, DNA damage was significantly increased in liver-metastatic 4T1 cells after they were treated with GC plus radiation. Further studies on apoptosis showed that this combination treatment increased the sub-G1 population of cells, but not caspase-3 cleavage, in liver-metastatic breast cancer cells. Taken together, the current data suggest that the synergistic effects of GC and irradiation might be used to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in treating metastatic tumors.

X-rays induced IL-8 production in lung cancer cells via p38/MAPK and NF-κB pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1374-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Hui Song ◽  
Qin Chai ◽  
Ni-la Wang ◽  
Fan-Fan Yang ◽  
Gui-Hua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Lung Cancer Cells ◽  
X Rays

scholarly journals Sublethal Radiation Affects Antigen Processing and Presentation Genes to Enhance Immunogenicity of Cancer Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achamaporn Punnanitinont ◽  
Eric D. Kannisto ◽  
Junko Matsuzaki ◽  
Kunle Odunsi ◽  
Sai Yendamuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Antigen Processing And Presentation

While immunotherapy in cancer is designed to stimulate effector T cell response, tumor-associated antigens have to be presented on malignant cells at a sufficient level for recognition of cancer by T cells. Recent studies suggest that radiotherapy enhances the anti-cancer immune response and also improves the efficacy of immunotherapy. To understand the molecular basis of such observations, we examined the effect of ionizing X-rays on tumor antigens and their presentation in a set of nine human cell lines representing cancers of the esophagus, lung, and head and neck. A single dose of 7.5 or 15 Gy radiation enhanced the New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) tumor-antigen-mediated recognition of cancer cells by NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells. Irradiation led to significant enlargement of live cells after four days, and microscopy and flow cytometry revealed multinucleation and polyploidy in the cells because of dysregulated mitosis, which was also revealed in RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome profiles of cells. Transcriptome analyses also showed that while radiation had no universal effect on genes encoding tumor antigens, it upregulated the expression of numerous genes involved in antigen processing and presentation pathways in all cell lines. This effect may explain the immunostimulatory role of cancer radiotherapy.

scholarly journals The Functional Role of MnSOD as a Biomarker of Human Diseases and Therapeutic Potential of a New Isoform of a Human Recombinant MnSOD

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Borrelli ◽  
Antonietta Schiattarella ◽  
Patrizia Bonelli ◽  
Franca Maria Tuccillo ◽  
Franco Maria Buonaguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Leader Peptide ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as a consequence of metabolic reactions in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. This work describes the role of the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) as a biomarker of different human diseases and proposes a new therapeutic application for the prevention of cancer and its treatment. The paper also describes how a new form of human MnSOD was discovered, its initial application, and its clinical potentials. The MnSOD isolated from a human liposarcoma cell line (LSA) was able to kill cancer cells expressing estrogen receptors, but it did not have cytotoxic effects on normal cells. Together with its oncotoxic activity, the recombinant MnSOD (rMnSOD) exerts a radioprotective effect on normal cells irradiated with X-rays. The rMnSOD is characterized by the presence of a leader peptide, which allows the protein to enter cells: this unique property can be used in the radiodiagnosis of cancer or chemotherapy, conjugating radioactive substances or chemotherapic drugs to the leader peptide of the MnSOD. Compared to traditional chemotherapic agents, the drugs conjugated with the leader peptide of MnSOD can selectively reach and enter cancer cells, thus reducing the side effects of traditional treatments.

(P001) DMAPT Inhibits NF-KAPPA B Activity and Increases Sensitivity of Prostate Cancer Cells to X-Rays In Vitro and in Tumor Xenografts In Vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. E16
Author(s):  
Marc S. Mendonca ◽  
William T. Turchan ◽  
Melanie E. Day ◽  
Christopher N. Watson ◽  
Neil C. Estabrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Tumor Xenografts

The action of rays on cancer cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-442
Author(s):  
M. Friedland
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
General Effect ◽  
X Rays

Opitz (ex. Zentrf. Gyn., 1923, no. 27) completely denies the direct harmful effect of X-rays and radium rays on cancer cells. In his opinion, the beneficial effect of rays in cancer depends on their general effect on the patient's body and the effect on the connective tissue surrounding the cancer nests.

Lethal dose of x-rays to cancer cells. Wood, Prime (Strahlentherapie, Bd. XIII)

1923 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
V. Gruzdev
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Rays

Based on numerous experiments with X-rays on malignant tumors (cancers and sarcomas) in mice, the authors concluded that 5-7 erythemidoses of filtered x-rays are needed to kill cancer and sarcomatous cells in humans if the tumors are located on the surface of the body.

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