scholarly journals Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6516) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Bergström ◽  
Laurent Frantz ◽  
Ryan Schmidt ◽  
Erik Ersmark ◽  
Ophelie Lebrasseur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Population History ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Genetic History ◽  
Human Genomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Limited Gene Flow

Dogs were the first domestic animal, but little is known about their population history and to what extent it was linked to humans. We sequenced 27 ancient dog genomes and found that all dogs share a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf gene flow. By 11,000 years ago, at least five major ancestry lineages had diversified, demonstrating a deep genetic history of dogs during the Paleolithic. Coanalysis with human genomes reveals aspects of dog population history that mirror humans, including Levant-related ancestry in Africa and early agricultural Europe. Other aspects differ, including the impacts of steppe pastoralist expansions in West and East Eurasia and a near-complete turnover of Neolithic European dog ancestry.

scholarly journals Population structure and demographic history of the chukar partridge Alectoris chukar in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Song ◽  
Shijie Bao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xinkang Bao ◽  
Bei An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
North America ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Population History ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chukar Partridge

Abstract Pleistocene climate fluctuations have shaped the patterns of genetic diversity observed in extant species. Although the effects of recent glacial cycles on genetic diversity have been well studied on species in Europe and North America, genetic legacy of species in the Pleistocene in north and northwest of China where glaciations was not synchronous with the ice sheet development in the Northern Hemisphere or or had little or no ice cover during the glaciations’ period, remains poorly understood. Here we used phylogeographic methods to investigate the genetic structure and population history of the chukar partridge Alec-toris chukar in north and northwest China. A 1,152 – 1,154 bp portion of the mtDNA CR were sequenced for all 279 specimens and a total number of 91 haplotypes were defined by 113 variable sites. High levels of gene flow were found and gene flow estimates were greater than 1 for most population pairs in our study. The AMOVA analysis showed that 81% and 16% of the total genetic variability was found within populations and among populations within groups, respectively. The demographic history of chukar was examined using neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses and results indicated Late Pleistocene population expansion. Results revealed that most populations of chukar experienced population expansion during 0.027 ? 0.06 Ma. These results are at odds with the results found in Europe and North America, where population expansions occurred after Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 0.023 to 0.018 Ma). Our results are not consistent with the results from avian species of Tibetan Plateau, either, where species experienced population expansion following the retreat of the extensive glaciation period (0.5 to 0.175 Ma).

scholarly journals Denisovan ancestry and population history of early East Asians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diyendo Massilani ◽  
Laurits Skov ◽  
Mateja Hajdinjak ◽  
Byambaa Gunchinsuren ◽  
Damdinsuren Tseveendorj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Population History ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Aboriginal Australians ◽  
North East ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Member ◽  
Admixture Event

AbstractWe present analyses of the genome of a ~34,000-year-old hominin skull cap discovered in the Salkhit Valley in North East Mongolia. We show that this individual was a female member of a modern human population that, following the split between East and West Eurasians, experienced substantial gene flow from West Eurasians. Both she and a 40,000-year-old individual from Tianyuan outside Beijing carried genomic segments of Denisovan ancestry. These segments derive from the same Denisovan admixture event(s) that contributed to present-day mainland Asians but are distinct from the Denisovan DNA segments in present-day Papuans and Aboriginal Australians.

Gene flow from multiple sources maintains high genetic diversity and stable population history of Common MoorhenGallinula chloropusin China

Ibis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzhang Ruan ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Yuqing Han ◽  
Chaoying Zhu ◽  
Bicai Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Population History ◽  
Stable Population ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Denisovan ancestry and population history of early East Asians

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6516) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Author(s):  
Diyendo Massilani ◽  
Laurits Skov ◽  
Mateja Hajdinjak ◽  
Byambaa Gunchinsuren ◽  
Damdinsuren Tseveendorj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Population History ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Aboriginal Australians ◽  
History Of ◽  
East And West ◽  
Female Member ◽  
Admixture Event

We present analyses of the genome of a ~34,000-year-old hominin skull cap discovered in the Salkhit Valley in northeastern Mongolia. We show that this individual was a female member of a modern human population that, following the split between East and West Eurasians, experienced substantial gene flow from West Eurasians. Both she and a 40,000-year-old individual from Tianyuan outside Beijing carried genomic segments of Denisovan ancestry. These segments derive from the same Denisovan admixture event(s) that contributed to present-day mainland Asians but are distinct from the Denisovan DNA segments in present-day Papuans and Aboriginal Australians.

Phylogeography, postglacial gene flow, and population history of North American Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis)

The Auk ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Bayard de Volo ◽  
Richard T. Reynolds ◽  
Sarah A. Sonsthagen ◽  
Sandra L. Talbot ◽  
Michael F. Antolin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
North American ◽  
Population History ◽  
Accipiter Gentilis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern Goshawks

Population history of Berthelot's pipit: colonization, gene flow and morphological divergence in Macaronesia

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4599-4612 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN CARLOS ILLERA ◽  
BRENT C. EMERSON ◽  
DAVID S. RICHARDSON
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Population History ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals A dynamic 6,000-year genetic history of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choongwon Jeong ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Shevan Wilkin ◽  
William Timothy Treal Taylor ◽  
Bryan K. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Population History ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Genetic History ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genome Wide Data ◽  
History Of

SummaryThe Eastern Eurasian Steppe was home to historic empires of nomadic pastoralists, including the Xiongnu and the Mongols. However, little is known about the region’s population history. Here we reveal its dynamic genetic history by analyzing new genome-wide data for 214 ancient individuals spanning 6,000 years. We identify a pastoralist expansion into Mongolia ca. 3000 BCE, and by the Late Bronze Age, Mongolian populations were biogeographically structured into three distinct groups, all practicing dairy pastoralism regardless of ancestry. The Xiongnu emerged from the mixing of these populations and those from surrounding regions. By comparison, the Mongols exhibit much higher Eastern Eurasian ancestry, resembling present-day Mongolic-speaking populations. Our results illuminate the complex interplay between genetic, sociopolitical, and cultural changes on the Eastern Steppe.

scholarly journals Recently expanded clonal lineages of the rice blast fungus display distinct patterns of presence/absence of effector genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio M. Latorre ◽  
C. Sarai Reyes-Avila ◽  
Angus Malmgren ◽  
Joe Win ◽  
Sophien Kamoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
Population History ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Genetic History ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Blast Fungus ◽  
History Of

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the mechanisms and timescales of plant pathogen outbreaks requires a detailed genome-scale analysis of their population history. The fungus Magnaporthe (Syn. Pyricularia) oryzae —the causal agent of blast disease of cereals— is among the most destructive plant pathogens to world agriculture and a major threat to the production of rice, wheat and other cereals. Although M. oryzae is a multihost pathogen that infects more than 50 species of cereals and grasses, all rice-infecting isolates belong to a single genetically defined lineage. Here, we combined multiple genomics datasets to reconstruct the genetic history of the rice-infecting lineage of M. oryzae based on 131 isolates from 21 countries.ResultsThe global population of the rice blast fungus consists of a diverse set of individuals and three well-defined genetic groups. Multiple population genetic tests revealed that the rice-infecting lineage of the blast fungus probably originated from a recombining diverse group in South East Asia followed by three independent clonal expansions that took place over the last ∼200 years. Patterns of allele sharing identified a subpopulation from the recombining diverse group that introgressed with one of the clonal lineages before its global expansion. Remarkably, the four genetic lineages of the rice blast fungus vary in the number and patterns of presence/absence of candidate effector genes. In particular, clonal lineages carry a reduced repertoire of effector genes compared with the diverse group, and specific combinations of effector presence/absence define each of the pandemic clonal lineages.ConclusionsOur analyses reconstruct the genetic history of the rice-infecting lineage of M. oryzae revealing three clonal lineages associated with rice blast pandemics. Each of these lineages displays a specific pattern of presence/absence of effector genes that may have shaped their adaptation to the rice host and their evolutionary history.

scholarly journals Genetic structure and sex-biased gene flow in the history of southern African populations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Bajić ◽  
Chiara Barbieri ◽  
Alexander Hübner ◽  
Tom Güldemann ◽  
Christfried Naumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Population History ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
The Social ◽  
African Populations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe investigated the genetic history of southern African populations with a special focus on their paternal history. We reexamined previous claims that the Y-chromosome haplogroup E1b1b was brought to southern Africa by pastoralists from eastern Africa, and investigated patterns of sex-biased gene flow in southern Africa.Material and MethodsWe analyzed previously published complete mtDNA genome sequences and ~900 kb of NRY sequences from 23 populations from Namibia, Botswana and Zambia, as well as haplogroup frequencies from a large sample of southern African populations and 23 newly genotyped Y-linked STR loci for samples assigned to haplogroup E1b1b.ResultsOur results support an eastern African origin for Y-chromosome haplogroup E1b1b; however, its current distribution in southern Africa is not strongly associated with pastoralism, suggesting a more complex origin for pastoralism in this region. We confirm that the Bantu expansion had a notable genetic impact in southern Africa, and that in this region it was probably a rapid, male-dominated expansion. Furthermore, we find a significant increase in the intensity of sex-biased gene flow from north to south, which may reflect changes in the social dynamics between Khoisan and Bantu groups over time.ConclusionsOur study shows that the population history of southern Africa has been very complex, with different immigrating groups mixing to different degrees with the autochthonous populations. The Bantu expansion led to heavily sex-biased admixture as a result of interactions between Khoisan females and Bantu males, with a geographic gradient which may reflect changes in the social dynamics between Khoisan and Bantu groups over time.

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