scholarly journals TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (47) ◽  
pp. eabc3582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruochen Zang ◽  
Maria Florencia Gomez Castro ◽  
Broc T. McCune ◽  
Qiru Zeng ◽  
Paul W. Rothlauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Intestinal Enterocytes

Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA are frequently observed in COVID-19 patients. However, it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the human intestine and contributes to possible fecal-oral transmission. Here, we report productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2+ mature enterocytes in human small intestinal enteroids. Expression of two mucosa-specific serine proteases, TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4, facilitated SARS-CoV-2 spike fusogenic activity and promoted virus entry into host cells. We also demonstrate that viruses released into the intestinal lumen were inactivated by simulated human colonic fluid, and infectious virus was not recovered from the stool specimens of COVID-19 patients. Our results highlight the intestine as a potential site of SARS-CoV-2 replication, which may contribute to local and systemic illness and overall disease progression.

scholarly journals TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruochen Zang ◽  
Maria F.G. Castro ◽  
Broc T. McCune ◽  
Qiru Zeng ◽  
Paul W. Rothlauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Intestinal Enterocytes

AbstractBoth gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA have been frequently observed in COVID-19 patients. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 replicate in the human intestine and its clinical relevance to potential fecal-oral transmission remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2+ mature enterocytes in human small intestinal enteroids. In addition to TMPRSS2, another mucosa-specific serine protease, TMPRSS4, also enhanced SARS-CoV-2 spike fusogenic activity and mediated viral entry into host cells. However, newly synthesized viruses released into the intestinal lumen were rapidly inactivated by human colonic fluids and no infectious virus was recovered from the stool specimens of COVID-19 patients. Our results highlight the intestine as a potential site of SARS-CoV-2 replication, which may contribute to local and systemic illness and overall disease progression.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Involvement in The Confirmed Covid-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Rachma Greta Perdana Putri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Gastrointestinal Involvement ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Keyword Searching ◽  
Intestinal Enterocytes

The current pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019, or known as COVID-19, has been claimed as Public Health Emergency of International Concern by WHO on 30 January 2020. According to WHO, there 47.362.304 confirmed cases and 1.211.986 deaths reported due to COVID-19 and still counting. This article investigates the involvement of gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 related to the pathogenesis, transmission, and severity of the disease. The data was collected by keyword searching through EBSCO, PubMed, Google scholar, and additional references from retrieved articles. This article analyzes studies investigating gastrointestinal symptoms in Covid-19. The studies found gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 confirmed patients such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and melena. Two studies showed that COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms tended to have more severe disease. ACE2, as the receptor of S protein, was found abundantly in intestinal enterocytes besides in the respiratory system. Enterocyte abnormality induces decreased absorption of NA+, water, and mucosal disaccharides. It leads to increased undigested mono and disaccharides, carbohydrates, fats, and protein into the colon. As a result, the colon is unable to absorb sufficient water, leading to diarrhea. Gastrointestinal symptoms are commonly found in patients with COVID‐19, and the trend is increasing in the later stage of the epidemic. SARS‐CoV‐2 enters gastrointestinal epithelial cells and the feces of COVID‐19 patients are potentially infectious. The virus also found in wastewater system and may cause water pollution. Hence, further studies investigating gastrointestinal symptoms and possibility of fecal oral transmission should be conducted.

scholarly journals Parasitic infections in Swiss children: Are we overtesting?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Légeret ◽  
Céline Rüttimann ◽  
Hans Fankhauser ◽  
Henrik Köhler
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Stool Specimens

Abstract Background A wide variation of causes can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms in children- an infection with parasites is one of them. The expansion of international travel might lead to an increase in testing children for a correspondent infection. Currently there are no guidelines available, which patients should be tested for a possible parasitical infection. The aim of the study was to characterize Swiss children suffering from intestinal parasites, in order to provide more knowledge for the clinician who should be tested. Methods This is a retrospective study of Swiss pediatric patients, whose stools have been tested for parasites and helminths. Results A total of 1855 stool samples, belonging to 572 different children with an average age of 7.9 years, were tested within a 10-year period. The prevalence of a positive result was 4.2%, of which all were positive for Blastocystis, and 12.5% had a co-infection with Endolimax nana. Conclusion Immigrants, immune compromised children with diarrhea and pediatric patients with bloody or protracted diarrhea should have 2 different stool specimens examined for a possible parasitical infection.

scholarly journals Small Bowel Obstruction Induced by Concurrent Postoperative Intra-Abdominal Adhesions and Small Bowel Fecal Materials in a Young Dog

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Jae-Eun Hyun ◽  
Hyun-Jung Han
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Abdominal Adhesions ◽  
Abdominal Radiography ◽  
Foreign Body Removal ◽  
Small Intestinal

A 7-month-old neutered male poodle dog presented with general deterioration and gastrointestinal symptoms after two separate operations: a jejunotomy for small-intestinal foreign body removal and an exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis and treatment of the gastrointestinal symptoms that occurred 1 month after the first surgery. The dog was diagnosed as having small-bowel obstruction (SBO) due to intra-abdominal adhesions and small-bowel fecal material (SBFM) by using abdominal radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and laparotomy. We removed the obstructive adhesive lesion and SBFM through enterotomies and applied an autologous peritoneal graft to the released jejunum to prevent re-adhesion. After the surgical intervention, the dog recovered quickly and was healthy at 1 year after the surgery without gastrointestinal signs. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of a successful treatment of SBO induced by postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions and SBFM after laparotomies in a dog.

Use of shape-from-shading to estimate three-dimensional architecture in the small intestinal lumen of celiac and control patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Ciaccio ◽  
Christina A. Tennyson ◽  
Govind Bhagat ◽  
Suzanne K. Lewis ◽  
Peter H.R. Green
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shape From Shading ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
And Control

Phytates reduce uptake of leucine and glutamate but not lysine and glucose from the intestinal lumen of chickens: Short communication

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Onyango ◽  
Elikplimi Asem ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Depressive Effect ◽  
Leucine Uptake ◽  
Small Intestinal

An investigation into the influence of phytates on the in situ absorption of amino acids (lysine, glutamate and leucine) and glucose from the intestinal lumen of 3-week-old chickens was carried out. Birds were anaesthetised and the intestines exteriorised. Uptake of 5 mM of each nutrient over a 4-min period was measured in the presence of four phytate concentrations (0, 50, 250 and 500 mM). Five birds were used for each nutrient at each concentration of phytate tested. Leucine uptake decreased linearly (P < 0.001) and that of glutamate showed a tendency to decrease (P = 0.055) as the phytate concentration increased. Absorption of lysine and glucose were unaffected by the presence of phytate. In conclusion, phytate in the small intestinal lumen exerted a depressive effect on the absorption of specific free amino acids from the lumen. Its depressive effect was greatest for leucine followed by glutamate, and phytate had little effect on the absorption of lysine.

scholarly journals Gluten and Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Children

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Llanos-Chea ◽  
Alessio Fasano
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Gluten Sensitivity ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Functional Abdominal Pain ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Irritable Bowel

In children, functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common at all ages. Consumption of certain foods, particularly gluten, is frequently associated with the development and persistence of FGIDs and functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) in adults and children. However, this association is not well defined. Even without a diagnosis of celiac disease (CD), some people avoid gluten or wheat in their diet since it has been shown to trigger mostly gastrointestinal symptoms in certain individuals, especially in children. The incidence of conditions such as non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is increasing, particularly in children. On the other hand, CD is a chronic, autoimmune small intestinal enteropathy with symptoms that can sometimes be mimicked by FAPD. It is still unclear if pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are more likely to have CD. Abdominal, pain-associated FGID in children with CD does not seem to improve on a gluten-free diet. The threshold for gluten tolerance in patients with NCGS is unknown and varies among subjects. Thus, it is challenging to clearly distinguish between gluten exclusion and improvement of symptoms related solely to functional disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document