scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Involvement in The Confirmed Covid-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Rachma Greta Perdana Putri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Gastrointestinal Involvement ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Keyword Searching ◽  
Intestinal Enterocytes

The current pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019, or known as COVID-19, has been claimed as Public Health Emergency of International Concern by WHO on 30 January 2020. According to WHO, there 47.362.304 confirmed cases and 1.211.986 deaths reported due to COVID-19 and still counting. This article investigates the involvement of gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 related to the pathogenesis, transmission, and severity of the disease. The data was collected by keyword searching through EBSCO, PubMed, Google scholar, and additional references from retrieved articles. This article analyzes studies investigating gastrointestinal symptoms in Covid-19. The studies found gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 confirmed patients such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and melena. Two studies showed that COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms tended to have more severe disease. ACE2, as the receptor of S protein, was found abundantly in intestinal enterocytes besides in the respiratory system. Enterocyte abnormality induces decreased absorption of NA+, water, and mucosal disaccharides. It leads to increased undigested mono and disaccharides, carbohydrates, fats, and protein into the colon. As a result, the colon is unable to absorb sufficient water, leading to diarrhea. Gastrointestinal symptoms are commonly found in patients with COVID‐19, and the trend is increasing in the later stage of the epidemic. SARS‐CoV‐2 enters gastrointestinal epithelial cells and the feces of COVID‐19 patients are potentially infectious. The virus also found in wastewater system and may cause water pollution. Hence, further studies investigating gastrointestinal symptoms and possibility of fecal oral transmission should be conducted.

scholarly journals TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (47) ◽  
pp. eabc3582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruochen Zang ◽  
Maria Florencia Gomez Castro ◽  
Broc T. McCune ◽  
Qiru Zeng ◽  
Paul W. Rothlauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Intestinal Enterocytes

Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA are frequently observed in COVID-19 patients. However, it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the human intestine and contributes to possible fecal-oral transmission. Here, we report productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2+ mature enterocytes in human small intestinal enteroids. Expression of two mucosa-specific serine proteases, TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4, facilitated SARS-CoV-2 spike fusogenic activity and promoted virus entry into host cells. We also demonstrate that viruses released into the intestinal lumen were inactivated by simulated human colonic fluid, and infectious virus was not recovered from the stool specimens of COVID-19 patients. Our results highlight the intestine as a potential site of SARS-CoV-2 replication, which may contribute to local and systemic illness and overall disease progression.

scholarly journals Epidemiological approximation of the enteric manifestation and possible fecal-oral transmission in COVID-19: A preliminary systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Pamplona ◽  
Rubén Solano ◽  
Cristina Soler ◽  
Miriam Sàbat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract Objectives: to conduct a systematic review to describe the epidemiological scientific evidence on gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), enteric involvement and fecal excretion of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and to discuss the possible fecal-oral transmission pathway of COVID-19.Methods: We have reviewed GIS, enteric involvement, and fecal test results of SARS CoV-2 from case reports and retrospective observational studies related to the digestive system published about the outbreak.Results: The prevalence of GIS in patients infected with SARS CoV-2 ranges from 1.7% (1/56)-100% (10/10), GIS included diarrhea 1/99(1%)-8/10(80%), nausea/vomiting 1/28(3.6%)-5/10 (50%), abdominal pain 2/103(1.9%)-1/3(33.3%). A total of 3% of infected patients may experience GIS in the absence of respiratory symptoms. A pooled analysis of the results showed 16.1% GIS, 8.3% diarrhea and 12% nausea-vomiting. A higher percentage of diarrhea in patients with severe disease (5.8%) than in non-severe disease (3.5%), and a more severe course in patients with GIS (22.97%) than in those without GIS (8.12%) was found. Histological studies demonstrated the presence of ACE2 receptors and the nucleocapsid of the virus in gastrointestinal. The RNA of the virus has been detected in 27-53% of patients with COVID-19 in whom respiratory and stool samples have been analyzed, and it may persist in stool for up to an average of 11.2 days after negativization of the respiratory samples.Conclusions: GIS are common in SARS CoV-2 infection at the time of patient admission, sometimes represent the only clinical manifestation. Infection of the GI tract is possible due to the presence of ACE2 receptors, and there may be viral replication with fecal elimination.

scholarly journals TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruochen Zang ◽  
Maria F.G. Castro ◽  
Broc T. McCune ◽  
Qiru Zeng ◽  
Paul W. Rothlauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Intestinal Enterocytes

AbstractBoth gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA have been frequently observed in COVID-19 patients. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 replicate in the human intestine and its clinical relevance to potential fecal-oral transmission remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2+ mature enterocytes in human small intestinal enteroids. In addition to TMPRSS2, another mucosa-specific serine protease, TMPRSS4, also enhanced SARS-CoV-2 spike fusogenic activity and mediated viral entry into host cells. However, newly synthesized viruses released into the intestinal lumen were rapidly inactivated by human colonic fluids and no infectious virus was recovered from the stool specimens of COVID-19 patients. Our results highlight the intestine as a potential site of SARS-CoV-2 replication, which may contribute to local and systemic illness and overall disease progression.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 could be associated with severe lung involvement and increased readmission rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 205873922110482
Author(s):  
Hüseyin S Bozkurt ◽  
Ömer Bilen
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptom ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Relationship Of

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 virus manifests itself with primary lung damage but also has intestinal involvement. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) and the relationship of GIS with readmission to the hospital within 30 days in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients who were hospitalized in a specified pandemic hospital. Materials and Methods Symptomatic patients diagnosed with rapid antibody positivity with real-time polymerase chain reaction and typical thorax computed tomography findings were included in this retrospective cohort observational study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records. Hospital-associated GIS were considered as experiencing at least one of the GIS such as gas, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation developing within72 h after hospital admission. Results The mean age of the patients was 58 ± 14.4 years and 60.7% were men. 82% of hospitalizations were a moderate and severe disease. 71.4% of patients without GIS had at least one of the GIS after hospitalization. As the severity of the disease increased, the frequency of the severity of gastrointestinal symptom increased. GIS bowel disorders were more prominent in patients with moderate and severe disease. Antibiotic and specific treatment (anti-Il-1, anti-Il-6) contributed to the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptom in SARS-CoV-2 inpatients. Conclusion According to our observations of the second wave of the pandemic, the presence, frequency, and severity of gastrointestinal symptom in inpatient is associated with severity of lung disease and increased readmission rate after discharge.

Attitudes Toward The Use Of Quarantine In A Public Health Emergency--Survey

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Blendon ◽  
Catherine M. DesRoches ◽  
Martin S. Cetron ◽  
John M. Benson ◽  
Theodore Meinhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Emergency

Life Lessons of the Pandemic ”Covid - 19”

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 469-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagyashri Vijay Chaudhari ◽  
Priya P. Chawle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
The People ◽  
Life Lessons

“A lesson learned the hard way is a lesson learned for a lifetime.” Every bad situation hurts; however, it sure does teach us something a lesson. In the same manner of a new lesson for Human lifetime, history is observing 'The Novel COVID-19 ’, a very horrible and strange situation created due to fighting with a microscopic enemy. WHO on 11 February 2020 has announced a name for new disease as - 19 and has declared as a global public health emergency and subsequently as pandemic because of its widespread. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, with its in Wuhan, the People Republic of China has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern. is the group of a virus with non-segmented, single-stranded and positive RNA genome. This bad situation of pandemic creates new scenes in the life of people in a different manner, which will be going to be life lessons for them. Such lessons should be kept in mind for the safety of living beings and many more things. In this narrative review article, reference was taken from a different article published in various databases which include the view of different authors and writers on the "Lessons to be from Corona".

Crucial role of physiotherapy in treating COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Poonam Thakre ◽  
Waqar M. Naqvi ◽  
Trupti Deshmukh ◽  
Nikhil Ingole ◽  
Sourabh Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sixth International

The emergence in China of 2019 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) previously provisionally names 2019-nCoV disease (COVID19) caused major global outbreak and is a major public health problem. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID19 to be the sixth international public health emergency. This present pandemic has engrossed the globe with a high rate of mortality. As a front line practitioner, physiotherapists are expected to be getting in direct contact with patients infected with the virus. That’s why it is necessary for understanding the many aspects of their role in the identification, contains, reduces and treats the symptoms of this disease. The main presentation is the involvement of respiratory system with symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing and characteristics of pneumonia leads to ARDS(Acute respiratory distress syndrome) also land up in multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. This text describes and suggests physiotherapy management of acute COVID-19 patients. It also includes recommendations and guidelines for physiotherapy planning and management. It also covers the guidelines regarding personal care and equipment used for treatment which can be used in the treatment of acute adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

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