Microbial Pattern and Antibiotic Sensitivity Test Among Eye Infection Patients at Bali Mandara Eye Hospital Bali

Infection disease of the eye usually found in health care facilities and can caused by viral,bacterial, parasite and fungi. Bali Mandara Eye Hospital was special hospital for eye disease in Bali. In this hospital infection disease of the eye dominated by bacterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, corneal ulver, and endophtalmitis. This study was a restropective descriptive study using patient who are take eye secret culture in Bali Mandara Eye Hospital and sample were take from 2019 till 2020 It can be seen that was found seven microba and dominated disease was corneal ulcer 26 sample (86%) followed by endophtalmitis 4 sample (14%). The most microba were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa found resistant in almost antibiotics and sensitive tolevofloxacin, gentamycin dan ceflazidime Keywords: infection, eye, culture, antibiotics

Evaluation of the Anthelminthic Therapy of Albendazole as a Mass Drug in Elementary School in Klungkung, Bali, Indonesia

Soil transmitted helminthiasis still remains problem among tropic and subtropics developing countries worldwide. Contribute to more than a billion morbidities of people from children to adults. Children are the most affected population by this infection. This study aims to evaluate mass drug anthelminthic therapy of albendazole in school and preschool children. A cross sectional study recruited preschool and school-age children as subject of this research. During the period of May-July 2020, fecal samples were collected one month after albendazole treatment and examined by Kato kats technique. Total 130 samples were examined, and it was found that only 1 (0.007%) was positive for Trichuris trichiura. Accordingly, we can conclude that Albendazole is effective for treating Soil transmitted helminthiasis in preschool and school-age children. Keyword: anthelminthic, albendazole, school, children

Prevalence and Characteristics of Tubectomy Contraceptive Users in Bali from 2019-2020

Indonesia is the country with the largest population in Southeast Asia. The total population in Indonesia was recorded at 255.18 million, with a population growth rate of 3.33 million every year. This population growth has an impact on the economic development and welfare of the country. One of the efforts to suppress the increasing population is to use tubectomy contraception. This study aims to determine the characteristics of tubectomy contraceptive users in Bali in 2019-2020. The design of this research was descriptive cross-sectional. The inclusion criteria in this study were tubectomy contraceptive acceptors recorded in the medical records of the Sanjiwani Hospital in the range of 2019 to 2020. The exclusion criteria were incomplete medical record data. The results of this study found that the prevalence of tubectomy users at the Sanjiwani Hospital from January 2019 to September 2020 was 6.71%. Characteristics of the most users are 36-45 years old, as many as 32 people (65.3%), the highest number of children are 3 children, namely 22 people (44.8%), the highest education level was high school level, which is 24 people (49%), the most occupations are housewives as many as 32 people (65.3%), the most common type of tubectomy was postpartum tubectomy as many as 40 people (81.6%), and for insurance, the most is a Surat Keterangan Tidak Mampu (SKTM) which is as many as 27 people (55,1%). This study concludes that the characteristics of the most contraceptive users are 36-45 years old, the highest number of children are 3 children, the highest education is senior high school, the majority are IRT, the most type of tubectomy contraception is postpartum, and the majority of insurance used is SKTM. Keywords : contraception, tubectomy, RSUD Sanjiwani, Bali

English Case report: Succesfully Management of Critical Pulmonary Stenosis in a 12-Month-Old Boy By percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty

Critical pulmonary stenosis (PS) is used in infants born with very severe narrowing valves and requires treatment soon after birth. At four months old, an A-12-month-old boy was diagnosed with critical pulmonary stenosis but still successfully managed by percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty (PTBV) with satisfactory results without serious complications. Since he was born, cyanosis was seen at his lips and fingertip, with oxygen saturation around 60% until 70%. Echocardiography showed critical pulmonary stenosis, atrial septal defect (ASD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty (PTBV) is accepted as the treatment of choice for critical pulmonary valve stenosis in many centers worldwide with significant results. After PTBV, he experienced improvement condition as no cyanosis was observed and oxygen saturation was 96%. This case was our first PTBV intervention case in our hospital and gave satisfactory results, although the intervention was delayed due to our limited resources before. Keywords: cyanosis, critical pulmonary stenosis, percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty

Capsaicin 8% Patch for Alternative Therapy of Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Diabetes is one of the most common health problems due to its high incidence and complications. One of the complications associated with diabetes is painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN). The capsaicin 8% patch is a localized pain treatment that provides effective pain relief from a single application in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. The aim of this review is to discuss the effect of capsaicin patch 8% in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The search strategy was conducted in PubMed and modified for other databases. The search was limited to English-language reports. The keywords used were "capsaicin”, "capsaicin patch", "painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy", and "pain management". The inclusion criteria used were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical trials or another interventional analysis with full text in English with publications less than the last 10 years. The exclusion criteria used were a review, systematic review, or meta-analysis, studies that were not conducted in humans and non-full text in English with publications over the last 10 years. Results: There are 2 full-text that meet inclusion criteria. From articles related to studies that have been conducted, the use of capsaicin 8% patch can reduce pain, improve nerve function and quality of life in PDPN patients. The use of capsaicin 8% patch has the advantage to pain relief for patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Keywords: Alternative therapy, Capsaicin 8% Patch, Diabetes complications, Pain Relief, Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, topical drugs

Accuracy of STRONGKids to Identify Risk of Children Malnutrition in Sanjiwani General Hospital Gianyar, Bali

Malnutrition in the hospital is a condition that needs to be watched out for because it affects the length of stay and healing process of hospitalized patients. Until now, the prevalence of malnutrition in the hospital is still high in both adult and pediatric patients. Malnutrition screening is required while the patient will be hospitalized. It is necessary to research the accuracy of STRONGKids (Screening tools for risk on nutritional status and growth) as a malnutrition screening in pediatric patients in hospitals, especially at Sanjiwani General Hospital Gianyar percentage of malnutrition in hospitals at Sanjiwani Gianyar Hospital so that they receive early treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of STRONGKids as a screening test for malnutrition in the hospital for children at Sanjiwani General Hospital Gianyar. This research uses a design cross-sectional by the diagnostic test method. Data taken from medical records. Data collection method with consecutive sampling. The number of samples is 40 subjects. The inclusion criteria were children aged one month - 18 years and hospitalized at Sanjiwani Gianyar Hospital. The exclusion criteria were incomplete medical record data, and subjects were categorized as obese or obese on the medical record. The data analysis technique used the SPSS computer program. STRONGKids data are presented in 2 x 2 table form Chi-square. The results obtained were the percentage of hospital malnutrition of 9.8%. STRONGKids with a cutoff value of 1 had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 35.1%. So, the STRONGKids score has fairly high sensitivity, so that the use of the STRONGKids score in combination with anthropometric measurements can be used to detect malnutrition in hospitals. Keywords: sensitivity, STRONGKids, child malnutrition

Sexual Behavior and HIV / AIDS Prevention in Male Sexual Men (MSM) in Denpasar City

HIV / AIDS cases among MSM (male sex men) in Indonesia from year to year have increased significantly. Meanwhile, Bali is a province with many HIV / AIDS cases, where Denpasar is the city with the highest number of MSM. There has never been a report on sexual behavior and HIV / AIDS prevention among MSM in Denpasar. Therefore, the researchers wanted to explore the problems of sexual behavior and its prevention in MSM in Denpasar. Purpose: This study aims to obtain a vision of sexual behavior and HIV / AIDS prevention among MSM groups in Denpasar City. This study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach to digging deeper into sexual behavior and HIV / AIDS prevention among MSM in Denpasar City. The selection of informants in this study was taken using convenience sampling technique and conducted in-depth interviews with 10 MSM who were productive and communicative in Denpasar. After collecting data in the field, the data will be analyzed thematically. In sexual intercourse behavior, most of the MSM prioritized variations and sensations during sexual intercourse to get sexual satisfaction, such as having group sex, using arousal-enhancing drugs, and violence engaging during sexual intercourse. Some of the informants only had one permanent sexual partner. However, there are still MSM who have more than one sexual partner and receive payment for sexual intercourse. Informants use condoms in sexual intercourse and with the PrEP method to avoid HIV / AIDS. It is necessary to conduct education and counseling on sexual orientation for the community, especially for adolescents looking for identity, educating MSM to reduce high-risk behavior during sexual intercourse. Keywords: Sexual behavior, MSM, prevention, HIV / AIDS, Denpasar

Inpatient Facility Distribution and Primary Healthcare Centers Demand Based on Location-Quotient in Bali within 2015-2019 Period

The study of access to primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in the middle region of Indonesia, including Bali, is scarce. A study on primary healthcare access is worth undertaken in this region because it is usually given less attention regarding its fair distribution of healthcare facilities in relation to their population. This study aimed at determining geographical distribution and concentration of PHCs facility and demand in Bali Province. This study focused on the inpatient facility and demand of PHCs in relation to population. Data of PHCs’ inpatient facility and demand of each regency/city and population data were obtained from Bali Health Profile of 2015 to 2019. Location quotients (LQ) of inpatient facility and inpatient demand for each regency/city were calculated to determine the spatial concentration of the two variables compared to the provincial average. Our study found that there was variation in facility and demand for inpatient care in PHCs in Bali. A low level of inpatient facility and demand was seen in Regency of Buleleng, Denpasar, and Gianyar, while a high level of facility and demand for inpatient facility was observed in Regency of Jembrana, Tabanan, Klungkung, and Karangasem. A unique finding was also noticed in Bangli Regency, where the inpatient facility of PHC was high, while the inpatient demand was low. This might indicate a need for evaluation of the inpatient facility of PHC in this Regency. Keywords: Access to healthcare, Bali, inpatient care, puskesmas, primary healthcare centers.

Gastrointestinal Involvement in The Confirmed Covid-19 Patients

The current pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019, or known as COVID-19, has been claimed as Public Health Emergency of International Concern by WHO on 30 January 2020. According to WHO, there 47.362.304 confirmed cases and 1.211.986 deaths reported due to COVID-19 and still counting. This article investigates the involvement of gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 related to the pathogenesis, transmission, and severity of the disease. The data was collected by keyword searching through EBSCO, PubMed, Google scholar, and additional references from retrieved articles. This article analyzes studies investigating gastrointestinal symptoms in Covid-19. The studies found gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 confirmed patients such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and melena. Two studies showed that COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms tended to have more severe disease. ACE2, as the receptor of S protein, was found abundantly in intestinal enterocytes besides in the respiratory system. Enterocyte abnormality induces decreased absorption of NA+, water, and mucosal disaccharides. It leads to increased undigested mono and disaccharides, carbohydrates, fats, and protein into the colon. As a result, the colon is unable to absorb sufficient water, leading to diarrhea. Gastrointestinal symptoms are commonly found in patients with COVID‐19, and the trend is increasing in the later stage of the epidemic. SARS‐CoV‐2 enters gastrointestinal epithelial cells and the feces of COVID‐19 patients are potentially infectious. The virus also found in wastewater system and may cause water pollution. Hence, further studies investigating gastrointestinal symptoms and possibility of fecal oral transmission should be conducted.