scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of a Multipurpose Pod-Intravaginal Ring Simultaneously Delivering Five Drugs in an Ovine Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 3994-3997 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Moss ◽  
Amanda M. Malone ◽  
Thomas J. Smith ◽  
Sean Kennedy ◽  
Cali Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Sustained Delivery ◽  
Ovine Model ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Intravaginal Rings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intravaginal Ring ◽  
Proof Of Principle

ABSTRACTMultipurpose technologies that simultaneously protect from sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy are urgently needed. Pod-intravaginal rings (IVRs) formulated with the antiretroviral agents (ARVs) tenofovir, nevirapine, and saquinavir and the contraceptives etonogestrel and estradiol were evaluated in sheep. Steady-state concentrations were maintained for 28 days with controlled, sustained delivery. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that pod IVRs can deliver three ARVs from different mechanistic classes and a progestin-estrogen combination over the wide range needed for putative preventative efficacy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis among lesbian women: systematic review and recommendations to improve care

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Libertad Soligo Takemoto ◽  
Mariane de Oliveira Menezes ◽  
Carla Betina Andreucci Polido ◽  
Débora de Souza Santos ◽  
Valeria Marli Leonello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Stigma ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Our aim was to systematically review data about the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and bacterial vaginosis among lesbian women and to suggest strategies to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment. A search strategy for lesbian, STI and bacterial vaginosis was applied to PubMed, LILACS and BDENF databases. Of 387 unique references retrieved, 22 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (cross-sectional studies reporting prevalence for 8 STIs/bacterial vaginosis and history of a STI). The most frequent infection reported was bacterial vaginosis, and none study reported data on hepatitis B. A wide range of prevalence was observed for most infections. In terms of risk factors, the number of sexual partners, the past or current smoking, a history of forced sex and sexual stigma seem to increase the risk of STI and bacterial vaginosis. The findings of this review are discussed considering guidelines directly addressing the LGBT community’s health and relevant studies investigating both safe sexual practices and the intricate relationship between LGBT people and their care providers. A set of recommendations to improve preventive care for lesbian women is proposed. Affirming that little is known about the extent of STIs and bacterial vaginosis transmission in female-to-female sexual activities or about the risk factors for STI and bacterial vaginosis among lesbian women is reasonable. In fact, the overall quality of the studies was low or very low with significant uncertainty around their findings. However, we consider that the available knowledge indicates some paths to be followed by care providers and policy decision-makers to improve their actions towards better sexual health of lesbian women.

scholarly journals Technology-Based Interventions to Reduce Sexually Transmitted Infections and Unintended Pregnancy Among Youth

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Widman ◽  
Jacqueline Nesi ◽  
Kristyn Kamke ◽  
Sophia Choukas-Bradley ◽  
J.L. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

scholarly journals Condom use: still a sexual health staple

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Crosby ◽  
Willard Cates
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Knowledge Practice

This article introduces and summarizes the contents of this special edition. Given the exceptional potential of condoms to avert epidemics of sexually transmitted infections and teen or unintended pregnancy – even in low-resource environments – this in-depth examination of current knowledge, practice, and issues with condoms and their use is an important asset for educators and practitioners worldwide.

High prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among women screened for a contraceptive intravaginal ring study, Kisumu, Kenya, 2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1390-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent O Oliver ◽  
George Otieno ◽  
Roman Gvetadze ◽  
Mitesh A Desai ◽  
Mumbi Makanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Combination Prevention ◽  
Exchange Sex ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Kenyan Women ◽  
Intravaginal Ring ◽  
Simplex Virus

We assessed prevalence and correlates of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), gonorrhoea (GC), syphilis (SYP), Chlamydia (CT) and HIV among Kenyan women aged 18–34 years who were screened for a contraceptive intravaginal ring study. Women provided demographic, behavioural and medical information, and underwent medical evaluation, including a pelvic exam. We computed crude and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using log-binomial regression. Of 463 women screened, 457 provided laboratory specimens and were included in the analysis. The median age was 25 years, interquartile range (21–28), and 68.5% had completed primary or lower education. Overall, 72.2% tested positive for any STI or BV. Point prevalence was 55.6, 38.5, 3.9, 2.0, 4.6, and 14.7% for HSV-2, BV, GC, SYP, CT, and HIV, respectively. Co-infection with HSV-2, BV, and HIV occurred in 28 (6.1%) participants. Having ≥1 STI/BV was associated with younger age at first sex (≤13 versus 17–19 years, aPR=1.27, 95% CI 1.07–1.51), history of exchange sex (aPR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.07–3.92), sexual intercourse in the past seven days (aPR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.36), and older age (30–34 versus 18–24 years, aPR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.48). STI/BV diagnosis was less likely for women reporting one lifetime sexual partner compared to women with ≥4 lifetime sexual partners (aPR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.92). Combination prevention approaches (biomedical, behavioural, social, and structural) tailored to women with diverse risk profiles may help mitigate STI/BV prevalence in this setting.

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