High prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among women screened for a contraceptive intravaginal ring study, Kisumu, Kenya, 2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1390-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent O Oliver ◽  
George Otieno ◽  
Roman Gvetadze ◽  
Mitesh A Desai ◽  
Mumbi Makanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Combination Prevention ◽  
Exchange Sex ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Kenyan Women ◽  
Intravaginal Ring ◽  
Simplex Virus

We assessed prevalence and correlates of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), gonorrhoea (GC), syphilis (SYP), Chlamydia (CT) and HIV among Kenyan women aged 18–34 years who were screened for a contraceptive intravaginal ring study. Women provided demographic, behavioural and medical information, and underwent medical evaluation, including a pelvic exam. We computed crude and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using log-binomial regression. Of 463 women screened, 457 provided laboratory specimens and were included in the analysis. The median age was 25 years, interquartile range (21–28), and 68.5% had completed primary or lower education. Overall, 72.2% tested positive for any STI or BV. Point prevalence was 55.6, 38.5, 3.9, 2.0, 4.6, and 14.7% for HSV-2, BV, GC, SYP, CT, and HIV, respectively. Co-infection with HSV-2, BV, and HIV occurred in 28 (6.1%) participants. Having ≥1 STI/BV was associated with younger age at first sex (≤13 versus 17–19 years, aPR=1.27, 95% CI 1.07–1.51), history of exchange sex (aPR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.07–3.92), sexual intercourse in the past seven days (aPR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.36), and older age (30–34 versus 18–24 years, aPR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.48). STI/BV diagnosis was less likely for women reporting one lifetime sexual partner compared to women with ≥4 lifetime sexual partners (aPR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.92). Combination prevention approaches (biomedical, behavioural, social, and structural) tailored to women with diverse risk profiles may help mitigate STI/BV prevalence in this setting.

scholarly journals Sexually Transmitted Infections and Male Circumcision: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ISRN Urology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Van Howe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Simplex Virus

The claim that circumcision reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infections has been repeated so frequently that many believe it is true. A systematic review and meta-analyses were performed on studies of genital discharge syndrome versus genital ulcerative disease, genital discharge syndrome, nonspecific urethritis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital ulcerative disease, chancroid, syphilis, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, and contracting a sexually transmitted infection of any type. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, and human papillomavirus are not significantly impacted by circumcision. Syphilis showed mixed results with studies of prevalence suggesting intact men were at great risk and studies of incidence suggesting the opposite. Intact men appear to be of greater risk for genital ulcerative disease while at lower risk for genital discharge syndrome, nonspecific urethritis, genital warts, and the overall risk of any sexually transmitted infection. In studies of general populations, there is no clear or consistent positive impact of circumcision on the risk of individual sexually transmitted infections. Consequently, the prevention of sexually transmitted infections cannot rationally be interpreted as a benefit of circumcision, and any policy of circumcision for the general population to prevent sexually transmitted infections is not supported by the evidence in the medical literature.

scholarly journals 423. Self-Reported Screening for Rectal Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S212-S213
Author(s):  
Timothy William. Menza ◽  
Lauren Lipira ◽  
Amisha Bhattarai ◽  
Joseph Ramirez ◽  
Roberto Orellana
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative ◽  
Hiv Positive Men

Abstract Background Rectal gonorrhea and Chlamydia are common and predict HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men (MSM); however, screening for rectal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is not routine. Methods In 2017, we recruited sexually-active MSM in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area through venue-based sampling. Our outcome of interest was self-reported rectal STI screening in the prior 12 months. Stratified by HIV status, we assessed the prevalence and demographic, healthcare, clinical, and behavioral predictors of screening. Results Of 448 participants, 168 (37.5%) reported rectal STI screening. One hundred twenty-seven (35.8%) of 355 HIV-negative men, 41 (58.6%) of 70 HIV-positive men, and none of 23 men who did not know their HIV status reported screening. Among HIV-negative men, having a healthcare provider who offered HIV testing (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43, 3.04), a syphilis diagnosis (aPR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.69), use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (aPR=1.57; 95% CI 1.21, 2.04), and condomless anal sex with casual partners in the prior 12 months (aPR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.22) independently predicted screening for rectal STI in multivariable analysis. HIV-positive men who reported having a provider who always or often initiates conversations about sex were significantly more likely to report screening compared with men who did not have such a provider (aPR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.06). Conclusion Rectal STI screening is not universal in a venue-based sample of sexually-active MSM. Implementing innovative, acceptable, and accessible screening practices and improving provider comfort with talking about sex are paramount to increasing rectal STI screening. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Development of vaccines against the sexually transmitted infections gonorrhoea, syphilis, Chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Zika virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 251513552092388
Author(s):  
Edwin David G. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus

The success in preventing hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus infections by means of vaccination paves the way for the development of other vaccines to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Zika virus. The current status of vaccine development for these infections will be explored in this review. The general principles for success include the need for prevention of latency, persistence and repeat infections. A reduction in transmission of STIs would reduce the global burden of disease. Therapeutic activity of vaccines against STIs would be advantageous over preventative activity alone, and prevention of congenital and neonatal infections would be an added benefit. There would be an added value in the prevention of long-term consequences of STIs. It may be possible to re-purpose ‘old’ vaccines for new indications. One of the major challenges is the determination of the target populations for STI vaccination.

Risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections in noninjecting drug users: A cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 658-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael A Guimarães ◽  
Luiz HB Monteiro ◽  
Sheila A Teles ◽  
Inaina L Fernandes ◽  
Aurélio G Rodovalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exchange Sex ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

The objective of this study was to investigate risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in noninjecting drug users (NIDUs), using STI diagnosis history as an indicator. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 323 NIDUs of two facilities for alcohol and/or drug dependence treatment in the Goiás State, Central Brazil. All participants were interviewed about risk behaviors and STI history. Multivariable analysis was performed in order to identify predictors of STIs. Adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) with confidence intervals of 95% was obtained using a Poisson regression model. Prevalence of self-reported STIs in the previous 12 months was 25.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 21.0–30.4%). A multivariable model verified that age (APR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00–1.01), sexual contact with partners diagnosed with STIs (APR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.12–1.45) and injecting drug users (IDUs) (APR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01–1.31), exchange sex for money and/or drugs (APR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02–1.21), and a history of sexual violence (APR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.04–1.32) were predictors of STIs. Elevated rates of STI history and risk behaviors were observed in NIDUs, supporting the vulnerability of this group for these infections. Public policies and health outreach should be intensified in this population, principally regular STI testing of individuals in treatment for drug dependence and their sexual partners.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted infections in oral cavity lesions: Human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Herpes simplex virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1632129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica P. Mosmann ◽  
Angel D. Talavera ◽  
María I. Criscuolo ◽  
Raúl F. Venezuela ◽  
Ana X. Kiguen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Simplex Virus
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