scholarly journals In VivoStudy of the Efficacy of the Aromatic Water of Zataria multiflora on Hydatid Cysts

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 6003-6008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moazeni ◽  
Sara Larki ◽  
Mohammad Jamal Saharkhiz ◽  
Ahmad Oryan ◽  
Maryam Ansary Lari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Zataria Multiflora ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 15

ABSTRACTGas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from aromatic water (AW) ofZataria multiflora. Thymol (66.9%), carvacrol (15.2%), and carvone (7.3%) were found to be the major EO constituents. Eighty laboratory BALB/c mice were infected intraperitoneally by injection of 1,500 viable protoscolices and were divided into prevention (40 mice) and therapeutic (40 mice) groups. To prove the preventive effect of theZ. multifloraAW on development of hydatid cysts, the 40 infected mice were allocated into three treatment groups, including the albendazole group (10 mice that received 150 mg/kg body weight/day for 10 days), theZ. multifloraAW group (15 mice that received 20 ml/liter in drinking water for 8 months), and a control group (15 mice that received no treatment). To estimate the therapeutic effect of theZ. multifloraAW on the hydatid cyst, after 8 months of infection, the 15 remaining mice were allocated into three experimental treatment groups of five animals each, including the albendazole group (300 mg/kg/day for 20 days),Z. multifloraAW group (40 ml/liter in drinking water for 30 days), and control group (no treatment). All mice were then euthanized, and the sizes and weights of the cysts as well as their ultrastructural changes were investigated. The weights and sizes of the hydatid cysts significantly decreased upon treatment with theZ. multifloraAW in both the preventive and therapeutic groups (P< 0.05). The results of scanning electron microscopy also showed considerable damage in the germinal layer of the hydatid cysts recovered from the treated animals.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Basis of CD101 Efficacy: Exposure Shape Matters

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Lakota ◽  
Justin C. Bader ◽  
Voon Ong ◽  
Ken Bartizal ◽  
Lynn Miesel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Pharmacological Basis

ABSTRACT CD101 is a novel echinocandin with concentration-dependent fungicidal activity in vitro and a long half-life (∼133 h in humans, ∼70 to 80 h in mice). Given these characteristics, it is likely that the shape of the CD101 exposure (i.e., the time course of CD101 concentrations) influences efficacy. To test this hypothesis, doses which produce the same total area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were administered to groups of neutropenic ICR mice infected with Candida albicans R303 using three different schedules. A total CD101 dose of 2 mg/kg was administered as a single intravenous (i.v.) dose or in equal divided doses of either 1 mg/kg twice weekly or 0.29 mg/kg/day over 7 days. The studies were performed using a murine disseminated candidiasis model. Animals were euthanized at 168 h following the start of treatment. Fungi grew well in the no-treatment control group and showed variable changes in fungal density in the treatment groups. When the CD101 AUC from 0 to 168 h (AUC0–168) was administered as a single dose, a >2 log10 CFU reduction from the baseline at 168 h was observed. When twice-weekly and daily regimens with similar AUC values were administered, net fungal stasis and a >1 log10 CFU increase from the baseline were observed, respectively. These data support the hypothesis that the shape of the CD101 AUC influences efficacy. Thus, CD101 administered once per week demonstrated a greater degree of fungal killing than the same dose divided into twice-weekly or daily regimens.

Transcriptomics and Transmission Ultrastructural Examination Reveals the Nephrotoxicity of Cadmium in Laying Hens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Zhao ◽  
Wenbo He ◽  
Can Tao ◽  
Beiyu Zhang ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Kegg Pathway Analysis ◽  
Transcriptome Expression

Abstract The objective of this study was to reveal the effects of cadmium (Cd) on ultrastructural changes, oxidative stress, and transcriptome expression in the kidneys of laying hens. Seventy-two healthy Hy-Line brown laying hens at 41 weeks old were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates. The control group received a basal diet without additional Cd incorporation, and the other three treatment groups received diets supplemented with 15, 30, or 60 mg Cd /kg of feed. After 6 weeks of exposure the results show that administration of 60 mg/kg Cd significantly reduced (P < 0.05) eggshell thickness. With an increase in the Cd concentration in feed, the concentrations of renal Zn, Fe also had changed. Renal histopathology and ultrastructure also showed aggravated damage to glomeruli and renal tubules, and the deformation of nuclei and mitochondria in all Cd treatment groups. With an increase in Cd in feed, the activity of GPX and CAT was significantly reduced (P＜0.05), while the activity of T-AOC was decreased (P＜0.05) only in the 60 mg/kg Cd group. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 410 genes displayed differential expression (≥ 1.5-fold) in the 60 mg/kg supplementation group, compared to the control group. GO and KEGG pathway analysis results showed that Cd affected many genes involved in mitochondria and ion transport. In conclusion, this study elaborates the mechanisms underlying renal toxicity caused by Cd, which might provide target candidate genes for alleviating Cd poisoning in laying hens.

scholarly journals Volatile-Sulfur-Compound Profile Distinguishes Burkholderia pseudomallei from Burkholderia thailandensis

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. J. Inglis ◽  
Dorothee R. Hahne ◽  
Adam J. Merritt ◽  
Michael W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Sulfur Compound ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Burkholderia Thailandensis ◽  
Content Type

Solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GCMS) was used to show that dimethyl sulfide produced byBurkholderia pseudomalleiis responsible for its unusual truffle-like smell and distinguishes the species fromBurkholderia thailandensis. SPME-GCMS can be safely used to detect dimethyl sulfide produced by agar-grownB. pseudomallei.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Dart or Booster Vaccination with Strain RB51 in Protecting Bison against Experimental Brucella abortus Challenge

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 886-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Olsen ◽  
C. S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Uterine Infection ◽  
Single Vaccination

ABSTRACTThis study characterized the efficacy of theBrucella abortusstrain RB51 vaccine in bison when delivered by single intramuscular vaccination (hand RB51), by single pneumatic dart delivery (dart RB51), or as two vaccinations approximately 13 months apart (booster RB51) in comparison to control bison. All bison were challenged intraconjunctivally in midgestation with 107CFU ofB. abortusstrain 2308 (S2308). Bison were necropsied and sampled within 72 h of abortion or delivery of a live calf. Compared to nonvaccinated bison, bison in the booster RB51 treatment had a reduced (P< 0.05) incidence of abortion, uterine infection, or infection in maternal tissues other than the mammary gland at necropsy. Bison in single-vaccination treatment groups (hand RB51 and dart RB51) did not differ (P> 0.05) from the control group in the incidence of abortion or recovery of S2308 from uterine, mammary, fetal, or maternal tissues at necropsy. Compared to nonvaccinated animals, all RB51 vaccination groups had reduced (P< 0.05) mean colonization or incidence of infection in at least 2 of 4 target tissues, with the booster RB51 group having reduced (P< 0.05) colonization and incidence of infection in all target tissues. Our data suggest that booster vaccination of bison with RB51 enhances protective immunity againstBrucellachallenge compared to single vaccination with RB51 by hand or by pneumatic dart. Our study also suggests that an initial vaccination of calves followed by booster vaccination as yearlings should be an effective strategy for brucellosis control in bison.

Effect of the antiprogesterone RU-38486 on meningioma implanted into nude mice

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Olson ◽  
David W. Beck ◽  
Janet A. Schlechte ◽  
Pao-Min Loh
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Steroid Binding Proteins

✓ Meningiomas have been shown to have steroid-binding proteins. In vitro, estradiol, progesterone, and the antiestrogen tamoxifen stimulate tumor growth. However, incubation of tumor cells with an antiprogesterone agent results in tumor inhibition. In this investigation, a human meningioma was implanted subcutaneously in athymic nude mice. Two treatment groups were established, one receiving the antiprogesterone agent RU-38486 (10 mg/kg/day in suspension) and the other receiving only vehicle. After 3 months, the tumor growth index (defined as the tumor volume at 3 months divided by the initial tumor volume) was 0.25 ± 0.46 (mean ± standard deviation) in the group receiving antiprogesterone and was 1.54 ± 0.58 in the control group (p = 0.041). Further investigation of the effect of antiprogestational agents on the growth and hormone-binding proteins of other meningiomas will better define the mechanism of their effects.

scholarly journals Serum metabolite profiling of a 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced experimental oral carcinogenesis model using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10619
Author(s):  
Shuyun Ge ◽  
Haiwen Zhou ◽  
Zengtong Zhou ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Jianing Lou
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Oral Carcinogenesis ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rat Tongue

Background Oral cancer progresses from hyperplastic epithelial lesions through dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. The critical needs in oral cancer treatment are expanding our knowledge of malignant tumour progression and the development of useful approaches to prevent dysplastic lesions. This study was designed to gain insights into the underlying metabolic transformations that occur during the process of oral carcinogenesis. Methods We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in conjunction with multivariate statistical techniques to observe alterations in serum metabolites in a 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis model. Thirty-eight male rats were randomly divided into two groups, including the 4NQO-induced model group of 30 rats and the healthy control group of five rats. Animals were sacrificed at weeks 9, 13, 20, 24, and 32, post-4NQO treatment. Tissue samples were collected for histopathological examinations and blood samples were collected for metabolomic analysis. Partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) models generated from GC-MS metabolic profile data showed robust discrimination from rats with oral premalignant and malignant lesions induced by 4NQO, and normal controls. Results The results found 16 metabolites associated with 4NQO-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis. Dysregulated arachidonic acid, fatty acid, and glycine metabolism, as well as disturbed tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and mitochondrial respiratory chains were observed in the animal model. The PLS-DA models of metabolomic results demonstrated good separations between the 4NQO-induced model group and the normal control group. Conclusion We found several metabolites modulated by 4NQO and provide a good reference for further study of early diagnosis in oral cancer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document