scholarly journals Peritoneal Fluid Titer Test for Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1719-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Strijack ◽  
Godfrey K. M. Harding ◽  
Robert E. Ariano ◽  
Sheryl A. Zelenitsky
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Spent Dialysate ◽  
Preliminary Support

ABSTRACT Standard microbiological tests (i.e., MIC) do not account for the unique factors of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis which can significantly influence treatment response. Our goals were to develop a peritoneal fluid titer (PFT) test and to conduct a pilot study of its association with clinical outcome. The methodology was developed by using spent dialysate collected from patients with bacterial PD-related peritonitis prior to the initiation of antibiotics. Dialysate was processed and spiked with antibiotic to simulate two standard intraperitoneal regimens: cefazolin plus tobramycin and cefazolin alone. Thirty-six clinical isolates, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were tested. In the pilot study, dialysate was collected from 14 patients with bacterial PD-related peritonitis. Titers were determined by using each patient's dialysate and infecting pathogen. Titers were highly reproducible, with discrepancies in only 1% of cases. Overall, PFTs were notably higher against gram-positive bacteria (P < 0.0001). The addition of tobramycin increased titers significantly from zero to values of 1/16 to 1/64 against E. cloacae and P. aeruginosa (P < 0.0001). In the pilot study, peritoneal fluid inhibitory titers were significantly associated with clinical outcome, with a median value of 1/96 for patients who were cured compared to 1/32 for those who failed treatment (P = 0.036). In conclusion, this study provides preliminary support for the PFT as a pharmacodynamic index specific to the treatment of PD-related peritonitis. With further characterization and validation in patients, the PFT test may advance the study of antibiotic therapies for PD-related peritonitis.

Антимікробна резистентність провідних збудників інфекцій сечових шляхів у Києві (Україна)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
A.V. Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Providencia Rettgeri ◽  
E Coli

Мета роботи — вивчити резистентність до антибіотиків бактеріальних збудників інфекцій сечових шляхів (ІСШ), виділених у пацієнтів урологічного стаціонару в м. Києві. Матеріали і методи. Досліджено 1612 штамів бактерій, виділених із сечі хворих з ІСШ (цистит, уретрит, пієлонефрит), госпіталізованих в урологічне відділення ДУ «Інститут урології НАМН України» у м. Києві протягом 2016 р. Серед пацієнтів переважали жінки — 1201 (74,5 %). Вік хворих становив від 17 до 74 років. Для збору даних використано медичну документацію лікарні. Мікробіологічні дослідження виконано у лабораторії мікробіології ДУ «Інститут урології НАМН України». Аналізували результати культурального дослідження зразків сечі, зібраних за наявності клінічних ознак ІСШ. Дослідження клінічного матеріалу та інтерпретацію отриманих результатів проводили загальноприйнятими методами. Вивчено чутливість уропатогенів до 31 антибіотика дискодифузійним методом відповідно до рекомендацій Інституту клінічних та лабораторних стандартів США (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)). Результати та обговорення. Аналіз мікробного спектра сечі виявив домінування серед уропатогенів штамів Escherichia coli (32,0 %), Enterococcus faecalis (19,5 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10,9 %), Staphylococcus epidermidis (8,9 %), S. haemolyticus (6,5 %) та Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6,4 %). Частка Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter aerogenes і Streptococcus viridans становила відповідно 2,5, 2,2 і 1,6 %, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus vulgaris та Providencia rettgeri — менше 1,0 %. У більшості випадків (69,7 %) мікроорганізми виділено у монокультурі, у решті випадків — у мікробних асоціа- ціях. Високу резистентність до тестованих антибіотиків виявили штами E. aerogenes (45,1 %), E. cloacae (45,7 %), E. faecium (40,9 %), E. faecalis (40,7 %), E. coli (39,9 %), P. aeruginosa (34,0 %), K. pneumoniae (28,6 %). Найбільш активними до уропатогенів були іміпенем (E. coli — 87,6 %, P. aeruginosa — 75,7 %, E. cloacae — 67,3 %, E. aerogenes — 72,6 %, K. pneumoniae — 93,2 %), меропенем (E. coli — 89,1 %, P. aeruginosa — 76,7 %, K. pneumoniae — 82,6 %), лефлоцин (E. coli — 74,5 %, ентерококи — 78,7 %, P. aeruginosa — 76,7 %, E. cloacae — 73,9 %, E. aerogenes — 80,4 %, K. pneumoniae — 83,5 %), амоксицилін/клавуланат (ентерококи — 84,6 %), фурагін (ентерококи — 82,6 %), цефоперазон (K. pneumoniae — 89,2 %, P. aeruginosa — 73,8 %), цефтріаксон (K. pneumoniae — 80,1 %). Висновки. Антибіотикорезистентність збудників ІСШ — важлива терапевтична проблема. Найбільшою активністю до уропатогенів характеризуються іміпенем, меропенем, лефлоцин, амоксицилін/ клавуланат, фурагін, цефоперазон, цефтріаксон, які можна розглядати як препарат вибору для призначення стартової терапії ІСШ. Необхідно здійснювати постійний моніторинг за резистентністю до дії антибіотиків. Політику використання антибіотиків у кожному стаціонарі слід визначати залежно від локальних даних щодо резистентності до протимікробних препаратів.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Salacca zalacca Extract as Reducing Agent and It’s Antibacterial Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2804-2810
Author(s):  
Anti Kolonial Prodjosantoso ◽  
Oktanio Sigit Prawoko ◽  
Maximus Pranjoto Utomo ◽  
Lis Permana Sari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Face Centered

In this article, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles through a reduction reaction process using Salacca zalacca extract is reported. The AgNPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and UV-visible spectrophotometry methods. The AgNPs antibacterial activity was determined against of Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The main functional groups contained in Salacca zalacca extract are carbonyl, hydroxyl and nitrile groups, which are believed to reduce the silver ions to metal. The surface plasmon resonance values of brownish red AgNPs are in the range of 410 nm to 460 nm. The structure of AgNPs is face centered cubic (FCC). The diameter of silver nanoparticles crystallite is 14.2 ± 2.6 nm. The AgNPs growth inhibition zones of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis are 9.6 mm and 9.2 mm, respectively.

An Ultraviolet (242 nm Excitation) Resonance Raman Study of Live Bacteria and Bacterial Components

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Dalterio ◽  
W. H. Nelson ◽  
D. Britt ◽  
J. F. Sperry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Resonance Raman ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Live Bacteria ◽  
Raman Study ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Markers ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectra ◽  
First Time

Ultraviolet-excited (242 nm) resonance Raman spectra have been obtained for the first time for five types of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterobacter cloacae. Detailed, highly reproducible spectra show substantial differences in both the intensities and the energies of peaks, which suggests that such spectra provide unique “fingerprints” reflecting the unique combinations of chemotaxonomic markers present in each type of organism. Many of the spectral features excited by 242-nm radiation probably arise from cellular RNA, DNA, and the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan. Background fluorescence has been shown to be negligible.

scholarly journals АNTIBACTERIAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH PNEUMOEMPYEMA

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
D. Lopatenko ◽  
M. Sykal ◽  
A. Syvozhelizov ◽  
O. Tonkoglas ◽  
V. Kolesnik
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Summary. Purpose of the work. To study the structure of the pathogenic flora in pneumoempyema and its sensitivity to antibacterial agents. Materials and methods. It were examined 159 patients of both sexes, with pneumoempyema. We detected the species of microflora, and its sensitivity to antibacterial agents. The material for bacteriological studies was pleural exudates, wich we obtained from the pleural cavity by the puncture method. Research results. The characteristic of the pleurals flora has been revealed, the sensitivity of these pathogens to antibacterial drugs has also been detected. We have made antibacterial therapy schemes for patients with pneumoempyema. Conclusions. In the etiology of pneumoempyema predominate next gram-positive bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, which were sensitive to inhibitor-protected penicillins, and 4th generation cephalosporins. Gram-negative flora was represented by Pseudomonada aerugenosa, Escherichia Coli, Enterobacter spp., which were sensitive to fluorchinolones of III and IV generations and carbapenems. We have proposed schemes of antibacterial therapy: A. Initial therapy: 4th generation cephalosporin + 3th–4th generation fluoroquinolone. B. Reserve scheme: inhibitor-protected penicillin + carbapenems. These combinations are most effective against 96.0 % of microorganisms identified by us. In case of prescribing two or more antibacterial agents, as well as with antibacterial therapy for seven days or more, antifungal agents should be prescribed.

Multiple-Dose-Kinetics of Ofloxacin after Intraperitoneal Application in CAPD Patients

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Kampf ◽  
Klaus Borner ◽  
Hannelore Hain ◽  
Wolfgang Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Multiple Dose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Drug Application ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acute Peritonitis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kinetics Of

Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in plasma and peritoneal fluid were studied in 11 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Seven patients without peritonitis received 20 mg ofloxacin added to 2L dialysate i.p. every 6 h for one day only, while 4 patients with acute peritonitis were treated with this same dosage every 4 h for 3 days, then every 6 h for the next 7 days. Ofloxacin concentrations in plasma and dialysate were determined by HPLC. After i.p. drug application there was a rapid elimination of ofloxacin from dialysate, this being significantly faster in patients with peritonitis as compared to those without. Likewise, the total amount lost from the first bag after a 3 h dwell was higher in the peritonitis group (84.7±1.5%; mean±SEM) than in the non-peritonitis group (75.6±2.1 %). Twenty-four h after start of ofloxacin treatment, the mean peritoneal fluid concentrations at the end of each exchange studied were all above 3 mg/L. In patients with peritonitis, plasma concentrations of ofloxacin rose to 0.94±0.05 mg/L after 24 h reaching a Cmax of 1.8±0.2 mg/L after a tmax of 84±23 h.lntraperitoneal administration of ofloxacin was well tolerated, and no local or systemic adverse events were observed. Peritonitis episodes that were caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis (3) and by E. coli (1) were cured in all patients.

Enhancement of photobactericidal activity of chlorin-e6-cellulose nanocrystals by covalent attachment of polymyxin B

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (33) ◽  
pp. 6953-6962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Le Guern ◽  
Tan-Sothea Ouk ◽  
Karine Grenier ◽  
Nicolas Joly ◽  
Vincent Lequart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Chlorin E6 ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Following light irradiation, a new nanomaterial, elaborated from CNCs, chlorin-e6 and polymyxin B, demonstrated efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis).

scholarly journals Study the Antimicrobial effect of Kombucha tea on bacteria isolated from Diabetic foot ulcer

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
E. J. AL-Kalifawi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Kombucha Tea

The study was conducted from January to March 2012. In this study colorimetric VITEK-2 Compact system used for its accuracy and rapidity to identify isolates and to detect several antimicrobial resistances.The study also investigate the antibacterial effect of Kombucha tea on isolated bacteria from diabetic foot ulcer. The bacteria isolated were eight gram negative bacteria, namely, Acinetobacter baumannii 3 (2%), Enterobacter cloacae 5 (4%), Escherichia coli 13 (10%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 7 (6%), Citrobacter spp. 4 (3%), Proteus mirabilis 3 (2%), Proteus vulgaris 3 (2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44 (35%). Four gram positive bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis 6 (5%), Staphylococcus aureus 17 (13%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 13 (10%) and Streptococcus spp. 9 (8%). The antimicrobial activities of antibiotics showed that, all isolates are sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin and Ofloxacin. The resistance to other types of antimicrobial differ with different isolate. The effect of Kombucha tea on all isolates wasclear at 7days of incubation; the diameter of inhibition was 6mm for Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus vulgaris and Enterococcus faecalis. 7mm for Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus spp. 8mm for Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The maximum activity of fermented tea was recorded at 14days incubation of Kombucha organism against all isolates, the diameter of inhibition was 21mm for Acinetobacter baumannii, 24mm for Enterobacter cloacae, 23mm for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus spp., 16mm for Klebsiella pneumoniae, 22mm for Citrobacter spp. and Enterococcus faecalis, 25mm for Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus, 20mm for Proteus vulgaris, 26mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity of Kombucha tea decrease with increase incubation periods28 days.

scholarly journals PROKALSITONIN DAN KULTUR DARAH SEBAGAI PENANDA SEPSIS DI RSUP DR WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO MAKASSAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Herman Herman ◽  
Rahman Rahman ◽  
Hari Asti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae Complex

Deteksi dini sepsis sangat penting karena sepsis memiliki angka mortalitas dan morbiditas sangat tinggi. Kultur darah dan prokalsitonin adalah pemeriksaan untuk mendeteksi sepsis di RSUP DR Wahidin Sudirohusodo tetapi biasanya hasil prokalsitonin tidak sesuai dengan hasil kultur darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis prokalsitonin dan kultur darah sebagai penanda sepsis di RSUP DR Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. Ini adalah penelitian observasi laboratorik yang bersifat deskriptif dengan teknik consequtive sampling. Berdasarakan penelitian ini didapatkan hasil kultur darah berupa bakteri aerob, seperti Staphylococcus hominis ssp hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Burkholderia cepacia, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Acinetobacter baumannii, Aermonas hydrophila, dan Enterobacter cloacae complex serta disimpulkan pula Prokalsitonin memiliki sensitivitas 100 % ,spesifisitas 65 %, akurasi 24 %. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa Prokalsitonin memiliki sensitivitas yang sangat tinggi namun proklasitonin memiliki spesifitas dan akurasi yang rendah sebagai penanda sepsis di RSUP DR Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar.Kata kunci : Kultur Darah, Prokalsitonin, RSUP DR Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar, Sepsis

scholarly journals Circulating microflora and its resistance to antibacterial medications in the conditions of Farm “Pchani-Denkovich” of Zhydachiv district of Lviv region

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (92) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Kisera ◽  
L. Ya. Bozhyk ◽  
Yu. G. Storchak
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Nutrient Environment

The importance of the influence of microorganisms on the health of humans and animals is beyond doubt. In recent decades, a large amount of data on the interaction of the flora with the elements of the immune system has been accumulated. Therefore, it is important to identify any hazardous factors that must be prevented or neutralized. One of such factors is the circulating flora of the premises, the organism of the animal, its virulence and resistance to antibacterial drugs. Bacteriological studies included bacteriological culture on the nutrient environment, their identification and the study of antibioticsensitivity. According to the results of bacteriological studies of milk samples, it was found that in 25% of the studied samples Staphylococcus aureus cultures were found in different concentrations. In 4 samples, Proteus vulgaris was detected. Bacteriological studies of vaginal exudate from the cows after calving have shown that they have Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli haemolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus vulgaris, mold fungi of the Aspergillus spp. The studies of the exudate from the nasal passages and the mouthof the calves found that all the tested samples contained Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella pnemoniae and Aspergillus and Candida fungi. The results of calf excrement studies revealed the presence of a number of microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli haemolitica, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter faecalis in different percentages. In determining the sensitivity of isolated cultures to antibacterial drugs, it has been established that Staphylococcus aureus cultures are sensitive to all antibiotics; Proteus vulgaris show resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin; Escherichia coli haemolytica is resistant to ampicillin.

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