scholarly journals Magnetospirillum bellicus sp. nov., a Novel Dissimilatory Perchlorate-Reducing Alphaproteobacterium Isolated from a Bioelectrical Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (14) ◽  
pp. 4730-4737 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cameron Thrash ◽  
Sarir Ahmadi ◽  
Tamas Torok ◽  
John D. Coates
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Cathodic Chamber ◽  
Magnetospirillum Magnetotacticum ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Previously isolated dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacteria (DPRB) have been primarily affiliated with the Betaproteobacteria. Enrichments from the cathodic chamber of a bioelectrical reactor (BER) inoculated from creek water in Berkeley, CA, yielded a novel organism most closely related to a previously described strain, WD (99% 16S rRNA gene identity). Strain VDYT has 96% 16S rRNA gene identity to both Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense and Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum, and along with strain WD, distinguishes a clade of perchlorate-reducing Magnetospirillum species in the Alphaproteobacteria. In spite of the phylogenetic location of VDYT, attempted PCR for the key magnetosome formation genes mamI and mamL was negative. Strain VDYT was motile, non-spore forming, and, in addition to perchlorate, could use oxygen, chlorate, nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide as alternative electron acceptors with acetate as the electron donor. Transient chlorate accumulation occurred during respiration of perchlorate. The organism made use of fermentation end products, such as acetate and ethanol, as carbon sources and electron donors for heterotrophic growth, and in addition, strain VDYT could grow chemolithotrophically with hydrogen serving as the electron donor. VDYT contains a copy of the RuBisCo cbbM gene, which was expressed under autotrophic but not heterotrophic conditions. DNA-DNA hybridization with strain WD confirmed VDYT as a separate species (46.2% identity), and the name Magnetospirillum bellicus sp. nov. (DSM 21662, ATCC BAA-1730) is proposed.

scholarly journals Niastella koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Niastella yeongjuensis sp. nov., novel members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, isolated from soil cultivated with Korean ginseng

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1777-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang-Yeon Weon ◽  
Byung-Yong Kim ◽  
Seung-Hee Yoo ◽  
Seon-Young Lee ◽  
Soon-Wo Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Species Type ◽  
Korean Ginseng

Two novel strains, GR20-10T and GR20-13T, were isolated from soil using R2A medium. The soil sample was collected from a field in the Yeongju region of Korea that was cultivated with Korean ginseng. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains formed a cluster with several uncultured bacterial clones and with Flexibacter filiformis, Flexibacter sancti, Flexibacter japonensis, Cytophaga arvensicola and Flavobacterium ferrugineum (recently reclassified as Terrimonas ferruginea) in the phylum Bacteroidetes. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two novel strains was 98.9 %. Isolates GR20-10T and GR20-13T showed the highest sequence similarities to Flexibacter japonensis IFO 16041T (91.8 and 91.9 %, respectively) and T. ferruginea ATCC 13524T (90.4 and 90.6 %, respectively). The whole-cell fatty acid profiles of the two isolates were similar and their major fatty acids were 15 : 0 iso, 17 : 0 iso 3-OH and 15 : 1 iso G. The major isoprenoid quinone of both strains was MK-7. The G+C contents of GR20-10T and GR20-13T were 45.8 and 44.3 mol%, respectively. DNA–DNA hybridization (57 % DNA–DNA hybridization value) and phenotypic data indicated that strains GR20-10T and GR20-13T each belong to a separate species. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data and genomic distinctiveness, strains GR20-10T and GR20-13T represent two novel species in a novel genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes; the names Niastella koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type species; type strain GR20-10T=KACC 11465T=DSM 17620T) and Niastella yeongjuensis sp. nov. (type strain GR20-13T=KACC 11466T=DSM 17621T) are proposed.

scholarly journals Biochemical and genetic evidence for the transfer of Enterococcus solitarius Collins et al. 1989 to the genus Tetragenococcus as Tetragenococcus solitarius comb. nov.

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïd Ennahar ◽  
Yimin Cai
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Tetragenococcus Muriaticus ◽  
Produce Acid

Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that Enterococcus solitarius is not a member of the genus Enterococcus, but is related to species of the genus Tetragenococcus. On a phylogenetic tree, E. solitarius clustered with Tetragenococcus halophilus and Tetragenococcus muriaticus, with which it showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity level (about 94 %). Phenotypic studies indicated that E. solitarius was also unable to produce acid from lactose, providing further evidence of its affiliation to the genus Tetragenococcus. DNA hybridization studies indicated that E. solitarius was clearly a separate species, different from T. halophilus and T. muriaticus (reassociation levels of about 23 and 54 %, respectively). As suggested in previous studies, E. solitarius is closely related to but clearly distinct from T. halophilus. Based upon properties that taxonomically distinguish it from species of the genus Enterococcus, it is proposed that E. solitarius be transferred to the genus Tetragenococcus and reclassified as Tetragenococcus solitarius comb. nov. (type strain, 885/78T=ATCC 49428T=CCUG 29293T=CIP 103330T=DSM 5634T=JCM 8736T=LMG 12890T=NCTC 12193T).

scholarly journals Emended description of the genus Pantoea, description of four species from human clinical samples, Pantoea septica sp. nov., Pantoea eucrina sp. nov., Pantoea brenneri sp. nov. and Pantoea conspicua sp. nov., and transfer of Pectobacterium cypripedii (Hori 1911) Brenner et al. 1973 emend. Hauben et al. 1998 to the genus as Pantoea cypripedii comb. nov.

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2430-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie L. Brady ◽  
Ilse Cleenwerck ◽  
Stephanus N. Venter ◽  
Katrien Engelbeen ◽  
Paul De Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Enterobacter Agglomerans ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Separate Species

Bacterial strains belonging to DNA hybridization groups (HG) II, IV and V, in the Erwinia herbicola–Enterobacter agglomerans complex, of Brenner et al. [Int J Syst Bacteriol 34 (1984), 45–55] were suggested previously to belong to the genus Pantoea, but have never been formally described and classified. Additionally, it has been shown in several studies that Pectobacterium cypripedii is more closely related to species of Pantoea than to those of Pectobacterium. In this study, the phylogenetic positions of Brenner's DNA HG II, IV and V and Pectobacterium cypripedii were re-examined by both 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multilocus sequence analyses (MLSA) based on the gyrB, rpoB, atpD and infB genes. The analyses revealed that DNA HG II, IV and V and Pectobacterium cypripedii form five separate branches within the genus Pantoea (strains from HG V were split into two branches). DNA–DNA hybridization data further confirmed that DNA HG II, IV and V constitute four separate species. Pectobacterium cypripedii was shown to be a close phylogenetic relative of Pantoea dispersa and DNA HG IV by both 16S rRNA gene sequence and MLSA analyses. Biochemical analyses performed on strains from DNA HG II, IV and V and Pectobacterium cypripedii confirmed their taxonomic position within the genus Pantoea and revealed phenotypic characteristics that allow the differentiation of these species from each other and from their closest phylogenetic neighbours. It is proposed to emend the description of the genus Pantoea and to describe Pantoea septica sp. nov. for DNA HG II (type strain LMG 5345T =BD 874T =CDC 3123-70T), Pantoea eucrina sp. nov. for DNA HG IV (type strain LMG 2781T =BD 872T =CDC 1741-71T =LMG 5346T), Pantoea brenneri sp. nov. for strains of DNA HG V excluding LMG 24534 (type strain LMG 5343T =BD 873T =CDC 3482-71T) and Pantoea conspicua sp. nov. for the remaining strain of DNA HG V (type strain LMG 24534T =BD 805T =CDC 3527-71T) and to transfer Pectobacterium cypripedii to the genus as Pantoea cypripedii comb. nov. (type strain LMG 2657T =ATCC 29267T =DSM 3873T =LMG 2655T).

scholarly journals Ferrimonas futtsuensis sp. nov. and Ferrimonas kyonanensis sp. nov., selenate-reducing bacteria belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria isolated from Tokyo Bay

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2639-2645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsunori Nakagawa ◽  
Takao Iino ◽  
Ken-ichiro Suzuki ◽  
Shigeaki Harayama
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Elemental Selenium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Two novel mesophilic, facultatively anaerobic, selenate-reducing bacteria, designated strains FUT3661T and Asr22-7T, were isolated from a sediment sample and the alimentary tract of littleneck clams, respectively. Both sources of the samples were collected from the coast of Tokyo Bay, Japan. Cells were Gram-negative rods and motile by means of a polar flagellum. The strains reduced selenate to elemental selenium (Se0) and also reduced iron(III) oxyhydroxide, iron(III) citrate, arsenate, manganese(IV) oxide, elemental sulfur and oxygen and used lactate, pyruvate, yeast extract, tryptone and Casamino acids as electron donors and carbon sources. The strains contained both menaquinone (MK-7) and ubiquinones (Q-7 and Q-8) as isoprenoid quinones. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω9c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 58.1 mol% for strain FUT3661T and 57.2 mol% for strain Asr22-7T. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains were related to members of the genus Ferrimonas (<94.0 % similarities), although the two novel strains formed a separate lineage. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains FUT3661T and Asr22-7T was 96 %. On the basis of this polyphasic analysis, it was concluded that strains FUT3661T and Asr22-7T represent two novel species within the genus Ferrimonas, for which the names Ferrimonas futtsuensis sp. nov. (type strain FUT3661T=NBRC 101558T=DSM 18154T) and Ferrimonas kyonanensis sp. nov. (type strain Asr22-7T=NBRC 101286T=DSM 18153T) are proposed.

scholarly journals Phyllobacterium loti sp. nov. isolated from nodules of Lotus corniculatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximo Sánchez ◽  
Martha-Helena Ramírez-Bahena ◽  
Alvaro Peix ◽  
María J. Lorite ◽  
Juan Sanjuán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Strain S658T was isolated from a Lotus corniculatus nodule in a soil sample obtained in Uruguay. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and atpD gene showed that this strain clustered within the genus Phyllobacterium . The closest related species was, in both cases, Phyllobacterium trifolii PETP02T with 99.8 % sequence similarity in the 16S rRNA gene and 96.1 % in the atpD gene. The 16S rRNA gene contains an insert at the beginning of the sequence that has no similarities with other inserts present in the same gene in described rhizobial species. Ubiquinone Q-10 was the only quinone detected. Strain S658T differed from its closest relatives through its growth in diverse culture conditions and in the assimilation of several carbon sources. It was not able to reproduce nodules in Lotus corniculatus. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization, phenotypic tests and fatty acid analyses confirmed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Phyllobacterium , for which the name Phyllobacterium loti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S658T( = LMG 27289T = CECT 8230T).

scholarly journals Kaistia terrae sp. nov., isolated from a wetland in Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Jin Kim ◽  
Hang-Yeon Weon ◽  
Yi-Seul Kim ◽  
Rangasamy Anandham ◽  
Seung-Hee Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis

An ivory-coloured bacterium, designated strain 5YN7-3T, was isolated from a wetland, Yongneup, Korea. Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and short rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that strain 5YN7-3T belongs to the order Rhizobiales of the class Alphaproteobacteria and is closely related to Kaistia soli 5YN9-8T (97.8 %), Kaistia granuli Ko04T (97.6 %) and Kaistia adipata Chj404T (97.4 %). Strain 5YN7-3T showed DNA–DNA hybridization values of 28, 22 and 35 % with K. granuli Ko04T, K. soli 5YN9-8T and K. adipata Chj404T, respectively. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c (51.2 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (25.0 %), C18 : 0 (12.9 %) and C16 : 0 (10.8 %) (>10 % of total fatty acids). Ubiquinone-10 was the major isoprenoid quinone and the DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol%. The phenotypic characteristics in combination with 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization data clearly define strain 5YN7-3T as a novel species of the genus Kaistia, for which the name Kaistia terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5YN7-3T (=KACC 12910T =DSM 21341T).

scholarly journals Halostagnicola bangensis sp. nov., an alkaliphilic haloarchaeon from a soda lake

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 754-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Corral ◽  
Angela Corcelli ◽  
Antonio Ventosa
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Polar Lipid Profile ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

An extremely haloalkaphilic archaeon, strain T26T, belonging to the genus Halostagnicola , was isolated from sediment of the soda lake Bange in the region of Tibet, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain T26T was closely related to Halostagnicola alkaliphila 167-74T (98.4 %), Halostagnicola larsenii XH-48T (97.5 %) and Halostagnicola kamekurae 194-10T (96.8 %). Strain T26T grew optimally in media containing 25 % (w/v) salts, at pH 9.0 and 37 °C in aerobic conditions. Mg2+ was not required for growth. The cells were motile, pleomorphic and Gram-stain-variable. Colonies of this strain were pink pigmented. Hypotonic treatment caused cell lysis. The polar lipids of the isolate consisted of C20C20 and C20C25 derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and minor phospholipids components. Glycolipids were not detected, in contrast to the two neutrophilic species of this genus. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain T26T was 60.1 mol% and DNA–DNA hybridization showed a relatedness of 19 and 17 % with Halostagnicola alkaliphila CECT 7631T and Halostagnicola larsenii CECT 7116T, respectively. The comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences, detailed phenotypic characterization, polar lipid profile and DNA–DNA hybridization studies revealed that strain T26T belongs to the genus Halostagnicola , and represents a novel species for which the name Halostagnicola bangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T26T ( = CECT 8219T = IBRC-M 10759T = JCM 18750T).

scholarly journals Paucibacter toxinivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium that degrades cyclic cyanobacterial hepatotoxins microcystins and nodularin

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarkko Rapala ◽  
Katri A. Berg ◽  
Christina Lyra ◽  
R. Maarit Niemi ◽  
Werner Manz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence

Thirteen bacterial isolates from lake sediment, capable of degrading cyanobacterial hepatotoxins microcystins and nodularin, were characterized by phenotypic, genetic and genomic approaches. Cells of these isolates were Gram-negative, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, oxidase-positive, weakly catalase-positive and rod-shaped. According to phenotypic characteristics (carbon utilization, fatty acid and enzyme activity profiles), the G+C content of the genomic DNA (66·1–68·0 mol%) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (98·9–100 % similarity) the strains formed a single microdiverse genospecies that was most closely related to Roseateles depolymerans (95·7–96·3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The isolates assimilated only a few carbon sources. Of the 96 carbon sources tested, Tween 40 was the only one used by all strains. The strains were able to mineralize phosphorus from organic compounds, and they had strong leucine arylamidase and chymotrypsin activities. The cellular fatty acids identified from all strains were C16 : 0 (9·8–19 %) and C17 : 1 ω7c (<1–5·8 %). The other predominant fatty acids comprised three groups: summed feature 3 (<1–2·2 %), which included C14 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1 iso I, summed feature 4 (54–62 %), which included C16 : 1 ω7c and C15 : 0 iso OH, and summed feature 7 (8·5–28 %), which included ω7c, ω9c and ω12t forms of C18 : 1. A more detailed analysis of two strains indicated that C16 : 1 ω7c was the main fatty acid. The phylogenetic and phenotypic features separating our strains from recognized bacteria support the creation of a novel genus and species, for which the name Paucibacter toxinivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2C20T (=DSM 16998T=HAMBI 2767T=VYH 193597T).

scholarly journals Taxonomic evaluation of the Streptomyces griseus clade using multilocus sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization, with proposal to combine 29 species and three subspecies as 11 genomic species

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Rong ◽  
Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Species Definition ◽  
Genomic Species

Streptomyces griseus and related species form the biggest but least well-defined clade in the whole Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) has shown promising potential for refining Streptomyces systematics. In this investigation, strains of 18 additional S. griseus clade species were analysed and data from a previous pilot study were integrated in a larger MLSA phylogeny. The results demonstrated that MLSA of five housekeeping genes (atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB and trpB) is better than the previous six-gene scheme, as it provides equally good resolution and stability and is more cost-effective; MLSA using three or four of the genes also shows good resolution and robustness for differentiating most of the strains and is therefore of value for everyday use. MLSA is more suitable for discriminating strains that show >99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) between strains with representative MLSA distances revealed a strong correlation between the data of MLSA and DDH. The 70 % DDH value for current species definition corresponds to a five-gene MLSA distance of 0.007, which could be considered as the species cut-off for the S. griseus clade. It is concluded that the MLSA procedure can be a practical, reliable and robust alternative to DDH for the identification and classification of streptomycetes at the species and intraspecies levels. Based on the data from MLSA and DDH, as well as cultural and morphological characteristics, 18 species and three subspecies of the S. griseus clade are considered to be later heterotypic synonyms of 11 genomic species: Streptomyces griseinus and Streptomyces mediolani as synonyms of Streptomyces albovinaceus; Streptomyces praecox as a synonym of Streptomyces anulatus; Streptomyces olivoviridis as a synonym of Streptomyces atroolivaceus; Streptomyces griseobrunneus as a synonym of Streptomyces bacillaris; Streptomyces cavourensis subsp. washingtonensis as a synonym of Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus; Streptomyces acrimycini, Streptomyces baarnensis, Streptomyces caviscabies and Streptomyces flavofuscus as synonyms of Streptomyces fimicarius; Streptomyces flavogriseus as a synonym of Streptomyces flavovirens; Streptomyces erumpens, ‘Streptomyces ornatus’ and Streptomyces setonii as synonyms of Streptomyces griseus; Streptomyces graminofaciens as a synonym of Streptomyces halstedii; Streptomyces alboviridis, Streptomyces griseus subsp. alpha, Streptomyces griseus subsp. cretosus and Streptomyces luridiscabiei as synonyms of Streptomyces microflavus; and Streptomyces californicus and Streptomyces floridae as synonyms of Streptomyces puniceus.

scholarly journals Variovorax gossypii sp. nov., isolated from Gossypium hirsutum

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_12) ◽  
pp. 4335-4340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kämpfer ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Busse ◽  
John A. McInroy ◽  
Stefanie P. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Polar Lipid Profile ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

A beige-pigmented bacterial strain (JM-310T), isolated from the healthy internal root tissue of 4-week-old cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, cultivar ‘DES-119’) in Tallassee (Macon county), Alabama, USA, was studied taxonomically. The isolate produced small rod-shaped cells, which showed a Gram-negative staining behaviour. A comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate revealed 99.2, 98.8, 98.7, 98.7, 98.1 and 97.6 % similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains of Variovorax paradoxus, Variovorax boronicumulans, Variovorax ginsengisoli, Variovorax soli, Variovorax defluvii and Variovorax dokdonensis, respectively. In phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain JM-301T was placed within the monophyletic cluster of Variovorax species. The fatty acid profile of strain JM-310T consisted mainly of the major fatty acids C16 : 0, C10 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 4 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH/C16 : 1ω7c/t). The quinone system of strain JM-310T contained predominantly ubiquinone Q-8 and lesser amounts of Q-7 and Q-9. The major polyamine was putrescine and the diagnostic polyamine 2-hydroxyputrescine was detected as well. The polar lipid profile consisted of the major lipids phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphospatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments with V. paradoxus LMG 1797T, V. boronicumulans 1.22T, V. soli KACC 11579T and V. ginsengisoli 3165T gave levels of relatedness of < 70 %. These DNA–DNA hybridization results in addition to differential biochemical properties indicate clearly that strain JM-310T is a member of a novel species, for which the name Variovorax gossypii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JM-310T ( = LMG 28869T = CIP 110912T = CCM 8614T).

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