scholarly journals The Ecology and Evolution of Amoeba-Bacterium Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijing Shi ◽  
David C. Queller ◽  
Yuehui Tian ◽  
Siyi Zhang ◽  
Qingyun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Questions

ABSTRACT Amoebae are protists that have complicated relationships with bacteria, covering the whole spectrum of symbiosis. Amoeba-bacterium interactions contribute to the study of predation, symbiosis, pathogenesis, and human health. Given the complexity of their relationships, it is necessary to understand the ecology and evolution of their interactions. In this paper, we provide an updated review of the current understanding of amoeba-bacterium interactions. We start by discussing the diversity of amoebae and their bacterial partners. We also define three types of ecological interactions between amoebae and bacteria and discuss their different outcomes. Finally, we focus on the implications of amoeba-bacterium interactions on human health, horizontal gene transfer, drinking water safety, and the evolution of symbiosis. In conclusion, amoeba-bacterium interactions are excellent model systems to investigate a wide range of scientific questions. Future studies should utilize advanced techniques to address research gaps, such as detecting hidden diversity, lack of amoeba genomes, and the impacts of amoeba predation on the microbiome.

scholarly journals Disinfection Impacts to Drinking Water Safety—A Review

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Tsitsifli ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Developmental Effects

Drinking water supply safety is of paramount importance for human health. Disinfection is considered as one of the most significant water treatment processes as it inactivates pathogens from drinking water. However, disinfection might have adverse effects in human health, as disinfection by-products, blamed for cancer and reproductive/developmental effects, are formed. Many predictive models and optimization tools are developed in the research. However, an early warning system integrating monitoring, modelling and optimization tools is lacking. The paper reviews the disinfection methods and the models developed so far and presents the basic principles for the development of an early warning system.

Pennsylvania Policy Database Project

2019 ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Jay Jennings ◽  
Stefanie Kasparek ◽  
Joseph McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Digital Archive ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
Media Data

The Pennsylvania Policy Database Project is the first sub-national digital archive within the Comparative Agendas Project. It provides a wide range of government documents, public opinion records, and media data going back as far as 1979. This chapter provides a historical overview and the general political context to the government system of Pennsylvania. In addition to the information available at the Comparative Agendas Project websites, the Pennsylvania Policy Database Project website maintains further extensive supplementary datasets on Pennsylvania. To provide an example of how this data can be used, the chapter concludes with an analysis of drinking water safety records and how this policy area relates to natural gas fracking policies in Pennsylvania.

scholarly journals Risk assessment of drinking water from public wells

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 297-306
Author(s):  
Sanja Bijelovic ◽  
Marija Jevtic ◽  
Natasa Dragic ◽  
Emil Zivadinovic ◽  
Danijela Lukic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Drinking Water Analysis ◽  
Hazard Rating

Introduction. The safety of drinking water should be considered in the context of managing the risk from hazards that may compromise it. The aim of this study was to identify microbiological, chemical and physical hazards of drinking water from public wells which may impact human health, and to evaluate the results of routine drinking water analysis, not taking into account the national legislation, but the risk management approach. Material and Methods. Drinking water was sampled from 20 public wells in South Backa District and analyzed at the Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina according to accredited national standards during 2016. The drinking water hazards were defined according to international recommendations. Risk assessment was done using a semiquantitative approach, which assesses the like?lihood and consequences of a hazard, rating the risks as low, medium, high and very high. Results. Of 218 drinking water samples, according to national regulations, only 10% were healthy for consumption. The recognized hazards were thermotolerant coliforms (especially Escherichia coli), enterococci (genus Streptococcus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species and nitrates above legal limits. The risk was rated high, with an impact on the morbidity of sensitive populations in 2/3 of controlled public wells, in 1/3 as medium, leading to abandonment of drinking water sources. Conclusion. The proposed risk assessment methodology is a tool that provides easily understandable and clear information on the possibility of using public wells with a consequent impact on human health. The management of drinking water safety is the greatest challenge, systematically prioritizing risk assessment of drinking water from public wells for the health of the population in the Republic of Serbia.

Study on Mechanism Design of Rural Drinking Water Safety Engineering Project Financing Guarantee

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 674-681
Author(s):  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Safety Engineering ◽  
Project Financing ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Public Fund ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Project Construction ◽  
Set Up

As more and more non-public fund entering rural drinking water safety engineering project market; it becomes very necessary to built rural drinking water safety engineering project guarantee mechanism. This paper proposes three steps of mechanism design. Firstly, history data is used to fit multivariate linear equation set up describing relationship between bank loss and key risk factors. Secondly, guarantee fee is calculated through model regression, which is threefold of possible bank loss. Thirdly, guarantee fee is adjusted according to variety of key risk factor in the process of project construction and operating.

Implementation of Alberta's drinking water safety plans

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Reid ◽  
K. Abramowski ◽  
A. Beier ◽  
A. Janzen ◽  
D. Lok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Water Safety Plans ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water

Traditionally, the regulatory approach to maintaining the quality and safety of drinking water has largely been a prescriptive one based on the ability of any given supply to meet standards set for a number of different chemical and biological parameters. There are a number of issues around the assumptions and the limitations of a sampling and analysis regime. The basis for such regimes is essentially reactive rather than proactive and, consequently, the cause of the concern may already have impacted consumers before any effective action can be taken. Environment and Sustainable Resource Development has developed a template for recording drinking water safety plans together with guidance notes to help complete them. The template has been developed in MS-Excel and has been designed in a straightforward step-wise manner with guidance on the completion of each sheet. It includes four main risk tables covering each main element of water supply which are pre-populated with commonly found ‘generic’ risks and these are carefully assessed before considering what action is required to deal with significant risks. Following completion of the risk tables, key risks are identified and the interventions required to bring them into control.

A fatal waterborne disease epidemic in Walkerton, Ontario: comparison with other waterborne outbreaks in the developed world

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Hrudey ◽  
P. Payment ◽  
P.M. Huck ◽  
R.W. Gillham ◽  
E.J. Hrudey
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Public Inquiry ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
The Government ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water ◽  
Developed World

An estimated 2,300 people became seriously ill and seven died from exposure to microbially contaminated drinking water in the town of Walkerton, Ontario, Canada in May 2000. The severity of this drinking water disaster resulted in the Government of Ontario calling a public inquiry by Mr. Justice Dennis O’Connor to address the cause of the outbreak, the role (if any) of government policies in contributing to this outbreak and, ultimately, the implications of this experience on the safety of drinking water across the Province of Ontario. The circumstances surrounding the Walkerton tragedy are an important reference source for those concerned with providing safe drinking water. Although some circumstances are obviously specific to this epidemic, others are uncomfortably reminiscent of waterborne outbreaks that have occurred elsewhere. These recurring themes suggested the need for attention to broad issues of drinking water security and they present the challenge for how drinking water safety can be managed to prevent such tragedies in the future.

Rapid drinking water safety estimation in cities: Piloting a globally scalable method in Cochabamba, Bolivia

2019 ◽  
Vol 654 ◽  
pp. 1132-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Rocha-Melogno ◽  
Rebecca Yoo ◽  
Osvaldo Broesicke ◽  
Achilles Kallergis ◽  
José Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Safety Estimation
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