scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of New Natural Hybrids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii in Brewing

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 2314-2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara S. González ◽  
Eladio Barrio ◽  
Amparo Querol
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Natural Hybrids ◽  
New Type ◽  
Saccharomyces Kudriavzevii ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
First Time ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACT We analyzed 24 beer strains from different origins by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of different gene regions, and six new Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces kudriavzevii hybrid strains were found. This is the first time that the presence in brewing of this new type of hybrid has been demonstrated. From the comparative molecular analysis of these natural hybrids with respect to those described in wines, it can be concluded that these originated from at least two hybridization events and that some brewing hybrids share a common origin with wine hybrids. Finally, a reduction of the S. kudriavzevii fraction of the hybrid genomes was observed, but this reduction was found to vary among hybrids regardless of the source of isolation. The fact that 25% of the strains analyzed were discovered to be S. cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii hybrids suggests that an important fraction of brewing strains classified as S. cerevisiae may correspond to hybrids, contributing to the complexity of Saccharomyces diversity in brewing environments. The present study raises new questions about the prevalence of these new hybrids in brewing as well as their contribution to the properties of the final product.

scholarly journals Characterization of Six Leuconostoc fallax Bacteriophages Isolated from an Industrial Sauerkraut Fermentation

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 5452-5458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolphe Barrangou ◽  
Sung-Sik Yoon ◽  
Frederick Breidt, ◽  
Henry P. Fleming ◽  
Todd R. Klaenhammer
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACT Six bacteriophages active against Leuconostoc fallax strains were isolated from industrial sauerkraut fermentation brines. These phages were characterized as to host range, morphology, structural proteins, and genome fingerprint. They were exclusively lytic against the species L. fallax and had different host ranges among the strains of this species tested. Morphologically, three of the phages were assigned to the family Siphoviridae, and the three others were assigned to the family Myoviridae. Major capsid proteins detected by electrophoresis were distinct for each of the two morphotypes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting showed that all six phages were genetically distinct. These results revealed for the first time the existence of bacteriophages that are active against L. fallax and confirmed the presence and diversity of bacteriophages in a sauerkraut fermentation. Since a variety of L. fallax strains have been shown to be present in sauerkraut fermentation, bacteriophages active against L. fallax are likely to contribute to the microbial ecology of sauerkraut fermentation and could be responsible for some of the variability observed in this type of fermentation.

scholarly journals Generation of Escherichia coli O9a Serotype, a Subtype of E. coli O9, by Transfer of the wb* Gene Cluster of Klebsiella O3 into E. colivia Recombination

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (10) ◽  
pp. 2775-2778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Sugiyama ◽  
Nobuo Kido ◽  
Yutaka Kato ◽  
Naoki Koide ◽  
Tomoaki Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACT Genetic characterization of the wb* gene in a series ofEscherichia coli and Klebsiella strains possessing the mannose homopolymer as the O-specific polysaccharide was carried out. The partial nucleotide sequences and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis suggested that E. coli serotype O9a, a subtype of E. coli O9, might have been generated by the insertion of theKlebsiella O3 wb* gene into a certainE. coli strain.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Sweet Cherry Isolate of Plum Pox Potyvirus

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Crescenzi ◽  
L. d'Aquino ◽  
S. Comes ◽  
M. Nuzzaci ◽  
P. Piazzolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

An isolate of plum pox potyvirus from sweet cherry (PPV-SwC) in southern Italy was investigated. The isolate was mechanically or graft transmissible to different Prunus and Nicotiana spp. but not to Chenopodium spp. It was transmitted also by Aphis fabae and Myzus persicae in a nonpersistent manner. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis indicated and nucleotide sequencing confirmed that the isolate lacks AluI and RsaI sites in the C-terminal region of the coat protein (CP) gene. Western immunoblot results showed that the PPV-SwC CP has an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of strain PPV-D and faster than that of strain PPV-M. Double-antibody sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the CP showed that PPV-SwC, although reacting with universal monoclonal antibodies to PPV, failed to react with antibodies specific to strains M and D. Results indicate that PPV-SwC is different from conventional strains of PPV but closely related to the sour cherry isolate of PPV from Moldova.

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