scholarly journals Differentiation of Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis by Using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 3446-3449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwan Zhong ◽  
Yulin Shou ◽  
Thomas M. Yoshida ◽  
Babetta L. Marrone
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
High Profile

ABSTRACT A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method was developed for discriminating Bacillus anthracis from B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. A worldwide collection of 25 B. anthracis isolates showed high-profile homology, and these isolates were unambiguously distinguished from B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates by cluster analysis of the whole-genome macrorestriction enzyme digestion patterns generated by NotI.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequences of Two Listeria monocytogenes Serovar 1/2a Strains Responsible for a Severe Listeriosis Outbreak in Central Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Orsini ◽  
Alessandra Cornacchia ◽  
Claudio Patavino ◽  
Marina Torresi ◽  
Patrizia Centorame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Single Band ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Pfge Profiles

ABSTRACT We report the whole-genome sequences of two Listeria monocytogenes strains responsible for a severe invasive listeriosis outbreak in central Italy that occurred in 2015 and 2016. These two strains differ by a single band in their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles.

scholarly journals A Whole-Genome Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Approach To Trace and Identify Outbreaks Linked to a Common Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Montevideo Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Type

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (24) ◽  
pp. 8648-8655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk C. den Bakker ◽  
Andrea I. Moreno Switt ◽  
Craig A. Cummings ◽  
Karin Hoelzer ◽  
Lovorka Degoricija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pfge Pattern ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulsed Field

ABSTRACTIn this study, we report a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based evolutionary approach to study the epidemiology of a multistate outbreak ofSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Montevideo. This outbreak included 272 cases that occurred in 44 states between July 2009 and April 2010. A case-control study linked the consumption of salami made with contaminated black and red pepper to the outbreak. We sequenced, on the SOLiD System, 47 isolates with XbaI PFGE pattern JIXX01.0011, a common pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern associated with isolates from the outbreak. These isolates represented 20 isolates collected from human sources during the period of the outbreak and 27 control isolates collected from human, food, animal, and environmental sources before the outbreak. Based on 253 high-confidence SNPs, we were able to reconstruct a tip-dated molecular clock phylogeny of the isolates and to assign four human isolates to the actual outbreak. We developed an SNP typing assay to rapidly discriminate between outbreak-related cases and non-outbreak-related cases and tested this assay on an extended panel of 112 isolates. These results suggest that only a very small percentage of the human isolates with the outbreak PFGE pattern and obtained during the outbreak period could be attributed to the actual pepper-related outbreak (20%), while the majority (80%) of the putative cases represented background cases. This study demonstrates that next-generation-based SNP typing provides the resolution and accuracy needed for outbreak investigations of food-borne pathogens that cannot be distinguished by currently used subtyping methods.

Variable Number of Tandem Repeats and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Cluster Analysis of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Serovar O157 Strains

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2583-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
EIJI YOKOYAMA ◽  
MASAKO UCHIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
Pfge Cluster

Ninety-five enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli serovar O157 strains, including 30 strains isolated from 13 intrafamily outbreaks and 14 strains isolated from 3 mass outbreaks, were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) typing, and the resulting data were subjected to cluster analysis. Cluster analysis of the VNTR typing data revealed that 57 (60.0%) of 95 strains, including all epidemiologically linked strains, formed clusters with at least 95% similarity. Cluster analysis of the PFGE patterns revealed that 67 (70.5%) of 95 strains, including all but 1 of the epidemiologically linked strains, formed clusters with 90% similarity. The number of epidemiologically unlinked strains forming clusters was significantly less by VNTR cluster analysis than by PFGE cluster analysis. The congruence value between PFGE and VNTR cluster analysis was low and did not show an obvious correlation. With two-step cluster analysis, the number of clustered epidemiologically unlinked strains by PFGE cluster analysis that were divided by subsequent VNTR cluster analysis was significantly higher than the number by VNTR cluster analysis that were divided by subsequent PFGE cluster analysis. These results indicate that VNTR cluster analysis is more efficient than PFGE cluster analysis as an epidemiological tool to trace the transmission of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 Isolates Obtained from Different Sources as Resolved by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and High-Throughput Sequencing

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 384-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Schill ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Robert R. Butler ◽  
Jean-François Pombert ◽  
N. Rukma Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Clostridium Sporogenes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulsed Field

ABSTRACTClostridium sporogenesPA 3679 is a nonpathogenic, nontoxic model organism for proteolyticClostridium botulinumused in the validation of conventional thermal food processes due to its ability to produce highly heat-resistant endospores. Because of its public safety importance, the uncertain taxonomic classification and genetic diversity of PA 3679 are concerns. Therefore, isolates ofC. sporogenesPA 3679 were obtained from various sources and characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing. The phylogenetic relatedness and genetic variability were assessed based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. AllC. sporogenesPA 3679 isolates were categorized into two clades (clade I containing ATCC 7955 NCA3679 isolates 1961-2, 1990, and 2007 and clade II containing PA 3679 isolates NFL, UW, FDA, and Campbell and ATCC 7955 NCA3679 isolate 1961-4). The 16S maximum likelihood (ML) tree clustered both clades within proteolyticC. botulinumstrains, with clade I forming a distinct cluster with otherC. sporogenesnon-PA 3679 strains. SNP analysis revealed that clade I isolates were more similar to the genomic reference PA 3679 (NCTC8594) genome (GenBank accession numberAGAH00000000.1) than clade II isolates were. The genomic referenceC. sporogenesPA 3679 (NCTC8594) genome and clade IC. sporogenesisolates were genetically distinct from those obtained from other sources (University of Wisconsin, National Food Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and Campbell's Soup Company). Thermal destruction studies revealed that clade I isolates were more sensitive to high temperature than clade II isolates were. Considering the widespread use ofC. sporogenesPA 3679 and its genetic information in numerous studies, the accurate identification and genetic characterization ofC. sporogenesPA 3679 are of critical importance.

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