scholarly journals Dynamics of Virus Distribution in a Defined Swine Production Network Using Enteric Viruses as Molecular Markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Lachapelle ◽  
Ann Letellier ◽  
Philippe Fravalo ◽  
Julie Brassard ◽  
Yvan L'Homme
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Production Network ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Diarrhea Virus

ABSTRACT Modern swine production systems represent complex and dynamic networks involving numerous stakeholders. For instance, livestock transporters carry live animals between fattening sites, abattoirs, and other premises on a daily basis. This interconnected system may increase the risk of microbial spread within and between networks, although little information is available in that regard. In the present study, a swine network composed of 10 finishing farms, one abattoir, and three types of stakeholders (veterinarians, livestock transporters, and nutritional technicians) in Quebec, Canada, was selected to investigate specific vectors and reservoirs of enteric viruses. Environmental samples were collected from the premises over a 12-month period. Samples were screened using targeted reverse transcription-PCR and sequencing of two selected viral markers, group A rotaviruses (RVA) and porcine astroviruses (PoAstV), both prevalent and genetically heterogeneous swine enteric viruses. The results revealed frequent contamination of farm sites (21.4 to 100%), livestock transporter vehicles (30.6 to 68.8%) and, most importantly, the abattoir yard (46.7 to 94.1%), depending on the sample types. Although high levels of strain diversity for both viruses were found, identical PoAstV and RVA strains were detected in specific samples from farms, the abattoir yard, and the livestock transporter vehicle, suggesting interconnections between these premises and transporters. Overall, the results from this study underscore the potential role of abattoirs and livestock transport as a reservoir and transmission route for enteric viruses within and between animal production networks, respectively. IMPORTANCE Using rotaviruses and astroviruses as markers of enteric contamination in a swine network has revealed the potential role of abattoirs and livestock transporters as a reservoir and vectors of enteric pathogens. The results from this study highlight the importance of tightening biosecurity measures. For instance, implementing sanitary vacancy between animal batches and emphasizing washing, disinfection, and drying procedures on farms and for transportation vehicles, as well as giving limited access and circulation of vehicles throughout the production premises, are some examples of measures that should be applied properly. The results also emphasize the need to closely monitor the dynamics of enteric contamination in the swine industry in order to better understand and potentially prevent the spread of infectious diseases. This is especially relevant when a virulent and economically damaging agent is involved, as seen with the recent introduction of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the country.

The potential role of sheep in dryland grain production systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 111 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.B. Goosey ◽  
P.G. Hatfield ◽  
A.W. Lenssen ◽  
S.L. Blodgett ◽  
R.W. Kott
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Grain Production

scholarly journals Longitudinal Study of Salmonella Dispersion and the Role of Environmental Contamination in Commercial Swine Production Systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1478-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Dorr ◽  
Daniel A. Tadesse ◽  
Bayleyegn Molla Zewde ◽  
Pamela Fry ◽  
Siddhartha Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Swine Herds

ABSTRACT This study investigated the roles of various environmental sources, such as truck-washing systems, waste-processing lagoons, and other sources, as potential contributors to the exposure and dissemination of Salmonella in commercial swine production systems. Four cohorts of nursery age swine herds which originated from distinct farm flows were selected. In addition, cross-sectional sampling of four truck wash stations selected based on the types of disinfectants and sources of water used for sanitizing trucks were tested. Salmonella isolates were recovered from pigs (feces, cecal contents, and mesenteric lymph nodes) and environmental sources (barn floor, lagoon, barn flush, trucks, and holding pens). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genotyping were conducted using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and amplified fragment length polymorphism, respectively. Salmonella prevalence significantly increased with age from late nursery to slaughter for all of the cohorts (P = 0.007). In two of three instances, all three pig holding pens (lairage) sampled at processing were Salmonella positive. The predominant antibiotypes for all sources included ACSSuT (51.8%), SSuT (16.8%), T (6%), and pansusceptible (7.4%). For the isolates obtained at the farms, the ACSSuT phenotype was 5.6 times more likely to be found in the animals than in the environment (95% confidence interval, 4.4 to 7.2 times). Serogroup B was the most common serogroup (79%), followed by serogroup E (10.4%). Despite the fact that the four production flows were independent, 1 of the 11 genotypic clusters (cluster A1) was commonly detected in any type of sample regardless of its origin. Five of the genotypic clusters (clusters A3, A4, A5, A6, and A7) contained isolates that originated from trucks and lairage swabs and also from cecal contents and/or mesenteric lymph nodes. More interestingly, genotypic clusters A3, A4, and A6 (but not clusters A5 and A7) were not detected on the farms. They originated from the trucks and lairage swabs and then were identified from the cecal contents and/or mesenteric lymph nodes. These findings underscore the significance of various environmental factors, including inadequate truck-washing systems, and emphasize the role of lairage contamination by Salmonella that has food safety significance.

scholarly journals The Effects of Biostimulants on Induced Plant Defense

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramom Vasconcelos Pereira ◽  
Camila C. Filgueiras ◽  
Joyce Dória ◽  
Maria Fernanda G. V. Peñaflor ◽  
Denis S. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

The search for innovative and alternative methods for chemical control to manage pests is an increasingly growing reality. The use of biostimulants such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and humic acids (HA) has been shown to improve many agronomic characteristics of plants while increasing yield. These biostimulants also alter the production of secondary metabolites with consequences for insect herbivores. Here we review the role of biostimulants such as PGPR and HA in promoting and eliciting plant defenses. The cascading effects of using these biostimulants on insect herbivores and their natural enemies are discussed in this context. Synergism between biostimulants are also discussed. The potential role of these products in augmenting agricultural productivity is highlighted as is further need for additional research. This review highlights the potential of this tool to enhance integrated pest management in agricultural production systems, reduce the use of pesticides, and increase the efficiency of fertilization while supporting healthier more pest-resistant plants.

scholarly journals Terra Ronca State Park: A potential natural Cratylia argentea (Desv.) Kuntze conservation area in Goiás, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-288
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pacca Luna Mattar ◽  
Walter José Rodrigues Matrangolo ◽  
Bruno Portela Brasileiro ◽  
Elizio Ferreira Frade Junior ◽  
Thais Aguiar de Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Resprouting Ability

Cratylia argentea (cratília) is a neo-tropical leguminous plant with high resprouting ability, showing great potential as both an animal feed and to fertilize the soil through its N-fixing ability. During scientific expeditions carried out in 2016 to identify and collect germplasm in different states of Brazil, the Terra Ronca State Park (PETeR) stood out as a potential conservation area for this species. There, cratília is well adapted to the dry season, retaining green leaves even during extended dry periods and was found to develop a shrub or climbing habit, depending on light conditions. In the traditional cattle production systems of the region livestock readily consume cratília, making it an important asset for local inhabitants. Based on several populations identified and collected in PETeR, the value of traditional knowledge and use of cratília is discussed as is the potential role of the Park as an in situ conservation unit.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus NADC30-Like Research in China: Molecular Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Control

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yu ◽  
Qiaoya Zhang ◽  
Zhi Cao ◽  
Yan-Dong Tang ◽  
Dasong Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Protection Efficacy ◽  
And Control

The name porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) NADC30-like was first coined in 2015. It originated from the NADC30 strain that was introduced into China by importing breeding pigs and has since undergone mutations or recombination, resulting in variant viruses. Following widespread outbreaks in China in recent years, these NADC30-like strains have presented major health challenges in swine production systems. Outcomes induced by PRRSV NADC30-like infection are highly variable, ranging from inapparent to severe, depending on the recombination between NADC30 and field PRRSV strains prevalent in swine farms. Vaccines and strict biosecurity measures have been explored to fight this disease; however, current PRRSV commercially modified-live virus vaccines (MLVs) have the potential to revert to virulence and only provide limited or no cross-protection efficacy against NADC30-like strains. PRRSVs will remain an ongoing challenge to the swine industry until safe and effective vaccines or antiviral reagents are developed.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

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