scholarly journals Identification of Encephalitozoon and Enterocytozoon (Microsporidia) Spores in Stool and Urine Samples Obtained from Free-Living South American Coatis (Nasua nasua)

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 4490-4492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Anete Lallo ◽  
Patrícia Calábria ◽  
Eduardo Fernandes Bondan ◽  
Liliane Milanelo
Keyword(s):  
Staining Technique ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
South American ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Nasua Nasua ◽  
Microsporidian Infection ◽  
Positive Results

ABSTRACTThis study emphasizes the importance of free-living coatis as a potential source of microsporidian infection for humans living in large cities. We found 19 (31.7%) positive results among 60 fecal samples analyzed by PCR-based analysis and the Gram-Chromotrope staining technique (11.7% were positive forEncephalitozoon cuniculi, 6.7% forE. intestinalis, 6.7% forE. hellem, and 6.7% forEnterocytozoon bieneusi). Only 5 (8.4%) urine samples tested positive forE. cuniculias assessed by the two techniques.

scholarly journals Microsporidian Infection in a Free-Living Marine Nematode

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1544-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ardila-Garcia ◽  
N. M. Fast
Keyword(s):  
Marine Nematode ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Infection Pattern ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Microsporidian Infection

ABSTRACT Microsporidia are unicellular fungi that are obligate endoparasites. Although nematodes are one of the most abundant and diverse animal groups, the only confirmed report of microsporidian infection was that of the “nematode killer” ( Nematocida parisii ). N. parisii was isolated from a wild Caenorhabditis sp. and causes an acute and lethal intestinal infection in a lab strain of Caenorhabditis elegans . We set out to characterize a microsporidian infection in a wild nematode to determine whether the infection pattern of N. parisii in the lab is typical of microsporidian infections in nematodes. We describe a novel microsporidian species named Sporanauta perivermis (marine spore of roundworms) and characterize its infection in its natural host, the free-living marine nematode Odontophora rectangula. S. perivermis is not closely related to N. parisii and differs strikingly in all aspects of infection. Examination by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the infection was localized in the hypodermal and muscle tissues only and did not involve the intestines. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed infection in the muscle and hypodermis, and surprisingly, it also revealed that the parasite infects O. rectangula eggs, suggesting a vertical mode of transmission. Our observations highlight the importance of studying parasites in their natural hosts and indicate that not all nematode-infecting microsporidia are “nematode killers”; instead, microsporidiosis can be more versatile and chronic in the wild.

scholarly journals Canine parvovirus 2b in fecal samples of asymptomatic free-living South American coatis (Nasua nasua, Linnaeus, 1766)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1399-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Giuseppa Spera ◽  
Elis Lorenzetti ◽  
Fernanda Louise Pereira Lavorente ◽  
Gustavo de Calasans Marques ◽  
Jacqueline Muniz Bisca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
South American ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Nasua Nasua

Carriage of Clostridium difficile in free-living South American coati (Nasua nasua) in Brazil

Anaerobe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 99-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva ◽  
Lara Ribeiro de Almeida ◽  
Carlos Augusto Oliveira Junior ◽  
Danielle Ferreira de Magalhães Soares ◽  
Pedro Lúcio Lithg Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
South American ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nasua Nasua

ISOLATION AND GENOTYPING OFCLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENSFROM FREE-LIVING SOUTH AMERICAN COATI (NASUA NASUA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo O. S. Silva ◽  
Lara R. Almeida ◽  
Carlos A. Oliveira Junior ◽  
Paula C. S. Lima ◽  
Danielle F. M. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nasua Nasua

Three Years of Experience With Random Urinary Homovanillic and Vanillylmandelic Acid Levels in the Diagnosis of Neuroblastoma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-205
Author(s):  
Mendel Tuchman ◽  
Margaret L. R. Ramnaraine ◽  
William G. Woods ◽  
William Krivit
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Vanillylmandelic Acid ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Rule Out

During the last 3 years, random urine samples from 408 patients were tested for elevated homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) levels to rule out the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Thirty-seven of these patients had elevated HVA and/or VMA levels, and neuroblastoma was subsequently diagnosed. In three additional patients with negative test results (normal HVA and VMA levels), tumors were subsequently diagnosed (false-negative rate of 7.5%). Ten percent of the patients with neuroblastoma had normal HVA and 27.5% had normal VMA levels at the time of diagnosis. Only one patient (2.5%) with neuroblastoma had elevated VMA levels in the presence of normal HVA levels. More than 60% of the patients with neuroblastoma had urinary HVA and/or VMA levels higher than twice the upper limit of normal. No false-positive results were encountered. Age and stage distributions of the patients are shown, and the significance of the results is discussed.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of the Arcobacter halophilus Type Strain CCUG 53805

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Miller ◽  
Emma Yee ◽  
James L. Bono
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Content Type

Many Arcobacter spp. are free living and are routinely recovered from marine environments.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Human-Pathogenic Microsporidia and Cyclospora cayetanensis Isolated from Various Water Sources in Spain: a Year-Long Longitudinal Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luz Galván ◽  
Angela Magnet ◽  
Fernando Izquierdo ◽  
Soledad Fenoy ◽  
Cristina Rueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cyclospora Cayetanensis ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

ABSTRACTRecent studies suggest the involvement of water in the epidemiology ofCyclospora cayetanensisand some microsporidia. A total of 223 samples from four drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and six locations of influence (LI) on four river basins from Madrid, Spain, were analyzed from spring 2008 to winter 2009. Microsporidia were detected in 49% of samples (109/223),Cyclosporaspp. were detected in 9% (20/223), and both parasites were found in 5.4% (12/223) of samples. Human-pathogenic microsporidia were detected, includingEnterocytozoon bieneusi(C, D, and D-like genotypes),Encephalitozoon intestinalis,Encephalitozoon cuniculi(genotypes I and III), andAnncaliia algerae.C. cayetanensiswas identified in 17 of 20 samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows a year-long longitudinal study ofC. cayetanensisin drinking water treatment plants. Additionally, data about the presence and molecular characterization of the human-pathogenic microsporidia in drinking water, wastewater, and locations of influence during 1 year in Spain are shown. It is noteworthy that although the DWTPs and WWTPs studied meet European and national regulations on water sanitary quality, both parasites were found in water samples from these plants, supporting the idea that new and appropriate controls and regulations for drinking water, wastewater, and recreational waters should be proposed to avoid health risks from these pathogens.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Chlamydia psittaci Genomes Reveals the Recent Emergence of a Pathogenic Lineage with a Broad Host Range

mBio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Read ◽  
Sandeep J. Joseph ◽  
Xavier Didelot ◽  
Brooke Liang ◽  
Lisa Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
New World ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
South American ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium. Interest in Chlamydia stems from its high degree of virulence as an intestinal and pulmonary pathogen across a broad range of animals, including humans. C. psittaci human pulmonary infections, referred to as psittacosis, can be life-threatening, which is why the organism was developed as a bioweapon in the 20th century and is listed as a CDC biothreat agent. One remarkable recent result from comparative genomics is the finding of frequent homologous recombination across the genome of the sexually transmitted and trachoma pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis. We sought to determine if similar evolutionary dynamics occurred in C. psittaci. We analyzed 20 C. psittaci genomes from diverse strains representing the nine known serotypes of the organism as well as infections in a range of birds and mammals, including humans. Genome annotation revealed a core genome in all strains of 911 genes. Our analyses showed that C. psittaci has a history of frequently switching hosts and undergoing recombination more often than C. trachomatis. Evolutionary history reconstructions showed genome-wide homologous recombination and evidence of whole-plasmid exchange. Tracking the origins of recombinant segments revealed that some strains have imported DNA from as-yet-unsampled or -unsequenced C. psittaci lineages or other Chlamydiaceae species. Three ancestral populations of C. psittaci were predicted, explaining the current population structure. Molecular clock analysis found that certain strains are part of a clonal epidemic expansion likely introduced into North America by South American bird traders, suggesting that psittacosis is a recently emerged disease originating in New World parrots. IMPORTANCE Chlamydia psittaci is classified as a CDC biothreat agent based on its association with life-threatening lung disease, termed psittacosis, in humans. Because of the recent remarkable findings of frequent recombination across the genome of the human sexually transmitted and ocular trachoma pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, we sought to determine if similar evolutionary dynamics occur in C. psittaci. Twenty C. psittaci genomes were analyzed from diverse strains that may play a pathogenic role in human disease. Evolution of the strains revealed genome-wide recombination occurring at a higher rate than for C. trachomatis. Certain strains were discovered to be part of a recent epidemic clonal expansion originating in South America. These strains may have been introduced into the United States from South American bird traders, suggesting that psittacosis is a recently emerged disease originating in New World parrots. Our analyses indicate that C. psittaci strains have a history of frequently switching hosts and undergoing recombination.

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