scholarly journals Effect of Sample Holding Time on Recovery ofCryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts from Water Samples

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1724-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Robertson ◽  
B. Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Spiking Experiment ◽  
Giardia Cysts

ABSTRACT U.S. Environmental Protection Agency methods for analysis of water for Cryptosporidium and Giardia stipulate maximum sample holding times which are not always practical to comply with. A spiking experiment indicated that holding times of up to 2 weeks had no significant effect on recovery of these parasites from 10-liter samples of raw water in plastic carboys.

scholarly journals Modifications to United States Environmental Protection Agency Methods 1622 and 1623 for Detection of Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts in Water

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi M. McCuin ◽  
Jennifer L. Clancy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epa Methods ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT Collaborative and in-house laboratory trials were conducted to evaluate Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cyst recoveries from source and finished-water samples by utilizing the Filta-Max system and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methods 1622 and 1623. Collaborative trials with the Filta-Max system were conducted in accordance with manufacturer protocols for sample collection and processing. The mean oocyst recovery from seeded, filtered tap water was 48.4% ± 11.8%, while the mean cyst recovery was 57.1% ± 10.9%. Recovery percentages from raw source water samples ranged from 19.5 to 54.5% for oocysts and from 46.7 to 70.0% for cysts. When modifications were made in the elution and concentration steps to streamline the Filta-Max procedure, the mean percentages of recovery from filtered tap water were 40.2% ± 16.3% for oocysts and 49.4% ± 12.3% for cysts by the modified procedures, while matrix spike oocyst recovery percentages ranged from 2.1 to 36.5% and cyst recovery percentages ranged from 22.7 to 68.3%. Blinded matrix spike samples were analyzed quarterly as part of voluntary participation in the U.S. EPA protozoan performance evaluation program. A total of 15 blind samples were analyzed by using the Filta-Max system. The mean oocyst recovery percentages was 50.2% ± 13.8%, while the mean cyst recovery percentages was 41.2% ± 9.9%. As part of the quality assurance objectives of methods 1622 and 1623, reagent water samples were seeded with a predetermined number of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts. Mean recovery percentages of 45.4% ± 11.1% and 61.3% ± 3.8% were obtained for Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts, respectively. These studies demonstrated that the Filta-Max system meets the acceptance criteria described in U.S. EPA methods 1622 and 1623.

scholarly journals Monitoring of pesticide leaching from cultivated fields in Denmark

2016 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Walter Brüsch ◽  
Annette E. Rosenbom ◽  
Nora Badawi ◽  
Preben Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Assessment Programme ◽  
Pesticide Leaching

The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme (PLAP) was initiated in 1998 by the Danish Parliament in order to evaluate whether the use of approved pesticides will result in an unacceptable contamination of the groundwater, if applied under field conditions in accordance with current Danish regulation. In this programme, water samples from variably saturated soil and groundwater collected at five cultivated fields are analysed for selected pesticides and their degradation products. The PLAP results are summarised and evaluated in yearly reports and used by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency in the regulation of pesticides in Denmark (Brüsch et al. 2015). In order to represent typical farming scenarios in Denmark, the test fields are situated on meltwater and marine sands, and on tile-drained clayey soils in till areas.

Evaluation of a Microbiological Water Purifier for Inactivation of Viruses, Bacteria and Giardia Cysts

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abbaszadegan ◽  
C. P. Gerba ◽  
M. T. Yahya ◽  
P. Rusin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Thermal Cycler ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Giardia Cysts

Development of the need for personal water treatment devices has evolved from consumer interest in improving and ensuring the quality of drinking water. The need also extends to the quality of untreated or partially treated waters such as that used by hikers, campers, recreational home and boat owners, and families or communities having individual home and small system water sources. It is essential that such devices be capable of removing all types of pathogenic microorganisms likely to be found in contaminated water. For this reason the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has suggested such units be capable of removing Klebsiella terriaena. Giardia cysts and enteric viruses. Three identical water purifiers were evaluated for the inactivation of rotavirus SA-11, hepatitis A virus, poliovirus type 1, the bacterial virus MS-2, Klebsiella terriaena and Giardia muris cysts. The units depend upon a thermal cycler combined with activated carbon for removal of the test organisms. The units were challenged with the organisms suspended in tapwater after 4, 76 and 240 cycles of operation. The units were also tested with a “worst case” water quality of 1500 mg/l dissolved solids, 10 mg/l organic matter and with a water turbidity of 30 NTU. In all cases, complete inactivation of the viruses, bacteria and cysts occurred after operation of the 35-minute cycle. This resulted in a greater than 3-log (99.9%) inactivation of cysts, a greater than 6 log (99.9999%) inactivation of K. terriaena and 4-log (99.99%) inactivation of viruses. In conclusion, these units would comply with CTiteria guidelines suggested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the operation of microbial water purifiers.

Municipal Wastewater Treatment Technology Transfer Activities of the United States Environmental Protection Agency

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 685-698
Author(s):  
J. J. Convery ◽  
J. F. Kreissl ◽  
A. D. Venosa ◽  
J. H. Bender ◽  
D. J. Lussier
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Transfer Programs

Technology transfer is an important activity within the ll.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Specific technology transfer programs such as the activities of the Center for Environmental Research Information, the Innovative and Alternative Technology Program, as well as the Small Community Outreach Program are used to encourage the utilization of cost-effective municipal pollution control technology. Case studies of three technologies including a plant operations diagnostic/remediation methodology, alternative sewer technologies and ultraviolet disinfection are presented. These case studies are presented retrospectively in the context of a generalized concept of how technology flows from science to utilization which was developed in a study by Allen (1977). Additional insights from this study are presented on the information gathering characteristics of engineers and scientists which may be useful in designing technology transfer programs. The recognition of the need for a technology or a deficiency in current practice are important stimuli other than technology transfer for accelerating the utilization of new technology.

The Hornsby Bend Hyacinth Facility in Austin, Texas

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Dinges ◽  
Jim Doersam
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
The City

The Hornsby Bend Hyacinth Facility, the first such system built under the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency “Construction Grants Program”, represents the culmination of over a decade of experience at the City of Austin with hyacinth treatment. The facility consists of three culture basins 265 m in length with an area of 1.6 ha. To permit year-round hyacinth culture, basins are covered with a 2.06 ha unitary greenhouse structure. Fenced exclusion areas at intervals along sides of basins serve as natural aerators and enhance fish production. The system, operated in an aerobic mode, was designed to daily treat about three million liters of sludge lagoon supernatant. Exclusion of large vertebrate predators and stocking of basins with selected animal species will provide a unique ecosystem. Basins were planted with hyacinth in late October, 1985 and discharge commenced on February 3, 1986. Functional characteristics and ecological considerations of the facility are discussed and operational performance data are presented. Maintenance harvesting of hyacinth and disposition of plant material are described. Application of greenhoused hyacinth treatment systems are addressed.

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