scholarly journals Identification of a Novel Metabolite in the Degradation of Pyrene by Mycobacterium sp. Strain AP1: Actions of the Isolate on Two- and Three-Ring Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 5497-5505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Vila ◽  
Zaira López ◽  
Jordi Sabaté ◽  
Cristina Minguillón ◽  
Anna M. Solanas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium sp. strain AP1 grew with pyrene as a sole source of carbon and energy. The identification of metabolites accumulating during growth suggests that this strain initiates its attack on pyrene by either monooxygenation or dioxygenation at its C-4, C-5 positions to give trans- orcis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene, respectively. Dehydrogenation of the latter, ortho cleavage of the resulting diol to form phenanthrene 4,5-dicarboxylic acid, and subsequent decarboxylation to phenanthrene 4-carboxylic acid lead to degradation of the phenanthrene 4-carboxylic acid via phthalate. A novel metabolite identified as 6,6′-dihydroxy-2,2′-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid demonstrates a new branch in the pathway that involves the cleavage of both central rings of pyrene. In addition to pyrene, strain AP1 utilized hexadecane, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene for growth. Pyrene-grown cells oxidized the methylenic groups of fluorene and acenaphthene and catalyzed the dihydroxylation andortho cleavage of one of the rings of naphthalene and phenanthrene to give 2-carboxycinnamic and diphenic acids, respectively. The catabolic versatility of strain AP1 and its use ofortho cleavage mechanisms during the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) give new insight into the role that pyrene-degrading bacterial strains may play in the environmental fate of PAH mixtures.

scholarly journals Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Moderately Halophilic Bacteria from Luzon Salt Beds

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Nanca ◽  
Kimberly D. Neri ◽  
Anna Christina R. Ngo ◽  
Reuel M. Bennett ◽  
Gina R. Dedeles
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Background. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common environmental contaminants which are highly toxic due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. They are released into the environment by incomplete combustion of solid and liquid fuels, accidental spillage of oils and seepage from industrial activities. One of the promising processes mitigating PAHs is through biodegradation. However, conventional microbiological treatment processes do not function well at high salt concentrations. Hence, utilization of halophilic bacteria should be considered. Objectives. This study aimed to assess the ability of halophilic bacteria isolated from local salt beds in Pangasinan and Cavite, the Philippines, to degrade PAHs pyrene, fluorene and fluoranthene. Methods. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-tolerant halophilic bacteria collected from two sampling sites were phenotypically characterized, molecularly identified and tested to determine their potential to degrade the PAHs pyrene, fluorene and fluoranthene at a hypersaline condition. Best PAH degraders were then assayed to identify the optimal degradation using such parameters as pH, temperature and PAH concentration. Testing for enzyme degradation was also done to determine their baseline information. Extraction and analysis of degraded PAHs were performed using centrifugation and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Results. Twelve isolates from both collection sites tolerated and grew in culture with selected PAHs. These were identified into four genera (Halobacillus, Halomonas, Chromohalobacter, and Pontibacillus). Selected best isolates in a series of biodegradation assays with the above-mentioned parameters were Halobacillus B (Collection of Microbial Strains (CMS) 1802) (=trueperi) (Gram-positive) for pyrene and fluoranthene, and Halomonas A (CMS 1901) (Gram-negative) for fluorene. Degrader biomass and PAH degradation were invariably negatively correlated. Qualitative tests with and without peptone as a nitrogen source implied enzymatic degradation. Discussion. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons utilized by these halophilic bacteria served as a sole source of carbon and energy. Implications of biodegradation of the two best isolates show that high molecular weight (HMW) (4-ring) pyrene tends to be degraded better by Gram-positive bacteria and low molecular weight (3-ring) fluorene by Gram-negative degraders. Conclusions. Halophilic bacteria constitute an untapped natural resource for biotechnology in the Philippines. The present study demonstrated their potential use in bioremediation of recalcitrant hydrocarbons in the environment. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Sources and environmental fate of pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 128-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Balmer ◽  
Hayley Hung ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
Robert J. Letcher ◽  
Derek C.G. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Environmental Fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments in Nagoya Port

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji NAITO ◽  
Yoshiyuki NAKAMURA ◽  
Taro URASE ◽  
Hiroyuki OKUMURA
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Degradation of Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metal Reduction by Marine Bacteria in Highly Contaminated Sediments

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1402
Author(s):  
Filippo Dell’Anno ◽  
Christophe Brunet ◽  
Leonardo Joaquim van Zyl ◽  
Marla Trindade ◽  
Peter N. Golyshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gulf Of Naples ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Polluted Sediments ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Investigations on the ability of bacteria to enhance removal of hydrocarbons and reduce heavy metal toxicity in sediments are necessary to design more effective bioremediation strategies. In this study, five bacterial strains, Halomonas sp. SZN1, Alcanivorax sp. SZN2, Pseudoalteromonas sp. SZN3, Epibacterium sp. SZN4, and Virgibacillus sp. SZN7, were isolated from polluted sediments from an abandoned industrial site in the Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea, and tested for their bioremediation efficiency on sediment samples collected from the same site. These bacteria were added as consortia or as individual cultures into polluted sediments to assess biodegradation efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal immobilisation capacity. Our results indicate that these bacteria were able to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, with a removal rate up to ca. 80% for dibenzo-anthracene. In addition, these bacteria reduced arsenic, lead, and cadmium mobility by promoting their partitioning into less mobile and bioavailable fractions. Microbial consortia generally showed higher performance toward pollutants as compared with pure isolates, suggesting potential synergistic interactions able to enhance bioremediation capacity. Overall, our findings suggest that highly polluted sediments select for bacteria efficient at reducing the toxicity of hazardous compounds, paving the way for scaled-up bioremediation trials.

Characteristics of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria isolated from soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 743-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Aitken ◽  
William T Stringfellow ◽  
Robert D Nagel ◽  
Chikoma Kazunga ◽  
Shu-Hwa Chen
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phenanthrene Degradation ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Ten bacterial strains were isolated from seven contaminated soils by enrichment with phenanthrene as the sole carbon source. These isolates and another phenanthrene-degrading strain were examined for various characteristics related to phenanthrene degradation and their ability to metabolize 12 other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), ranging in size from two to five rings, after growth in the presence of phenanthrene. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis indicated that at least five genera (Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas) and at least three species of Pseudomonas were represented in this collection. All of the strains oxidized phenanthrene according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with half-saturation coefficients well below the aqueous solubility of phenanthrene in all cases. All but one of the strains oxidized 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate following growth on phenanthrene, and all oxidized at least one downstream intermediate from either or both of the known phenanthrene degradation pathways. All of the isolates could metabolize (oxidize, mineralize, or remove from solution) a broad range of PAH, although the exact range and extent of metabolism for a given substrate were unique to the particular isolate. Benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene were each mineralized by eight of the strains, while pyrene was not mineralized by any. Pyrene was, however, removed from solution by all of the isolates, and the presence of at least one significant metabolite from pyrene was observed by radiochromatography for the five strains in which such metabolites were sought. Our results support earlier indications that the mineralization of pyrene by bacteria may require unique metabolic capabilities that do not appear to overlap with the determinants for mineralization of phenanthrene or other high molecular weight PAH.Key words: kinetics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenanthrene, mineralization, benzo[a]pyrene.

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