Lymphocytic 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity increases prior to the appearance of neutralizing antibodies and immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies after primary and secondary immunization with yellow fever vaccine.

ABSTRACTWe report very low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in two San Francisco Bay Area populations. Seropositivity was 0.26% in 387 hospitalized patients admitted for non-respiratory indications and 0.1% in 1,000 blood donors. We additionally describe the longitudinal dynamics of immunoglobulin-G, immunoglobulin-M, and in vitro neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients. Neutralizing antibodies rise in tandem with immunoglobulin levels following symptom onset, exhibiting median time to seroconversion within one day of each other, and there is >93% positive percent agreement between detection of immunoglobulin-G and neutralizing titers.

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Association of IDDM and attenuated response of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase to yellow fever vaccine

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.38.12.1636 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 38 (12) ◽

pp. 1636-1642 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

V. Bonnevie-Nielsen ◽

M. L. Larsen ◽

J. J. Frifelt ◽

B. Michelsen ◽

A. Lernmark

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽

Oligoadenylate Synthetase

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Serum Antibody Profile of a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Reinfection

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1368 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kelvin Kai-Wang To ◽

Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung ◽

Kwok-Hung Chan ◽

Shuofeng Yuan ◽

Wing-Kin To ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

First Episode ◽

High Avidity ◽

Antibody Profile

Abstract We recently reported a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 reinfection. Here, we show that serum neutralizing antibodies could be detected during the first episode but not at the presentation of the second episode. During reinfection, neutralizing antibodies and high avidity immunoglobulin G were found within 8 days after hospitalization, whereas immunoglobulin M response was absent.

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Activation of an Effective Immune Response after Yellow Fever Vaccination Is Associated with the Genetic Background and Early Response of IFN-γ and CLEC5A

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13010096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

Tamiris Azamor ◽

Andréa Marques Vieira da Silva ◽

Juliana Gil Melgaço ◽

Ana Paula dos Santos ◽

Caroline Xavier-Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Early Response ◽

Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Lectin Domain ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Innate Antiviral Response ◽

Cellular Phenotypes

The yellow fever vaccine (YF17DD) is highly effective with a single injection conferring protection for at least 10 years. The YF17DD induces polyvalent responses, with a TH1/TH2 CD4+ profile, robust T CD8+ responses, and synthesis of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), culminating in high titers of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, C-type lectin domain containing 5A (CLEC5A) has been implicated in innate outcomes in other flaviviral infections. Here, we conducted a follow-up study in volunteers immunized with YF17DD, investigating the humoral response, cellular phenotypes, gene expression, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IFNG and CLEC5A, to clarify the role of these factors in early response after vaccination. Activation of CLEC5A+ monocytes occurred five days after vaccination (DAV). Following, seven DAV data showed activation of CD4+ and CD8+T cells together with early positive correlations between type II IFN and genes of innate antiviral response (STAT1, STAT2, IRF7, IRF9, OAS1, and RNASEL) as well as antibody levels. Furthermore, individuals with genotypes rs2430561 AT/AA, rs2069718 AG/AA (IFNG), and rs13237944 AC/AA (CLEC5A), exhibited higher expression of IFNG and CLEC5A, respectively. Together, we demonstrated that early IFN-γ and CLEC5A responses, associated with rs2430561, rs2069718, and rs13237944 genotypes, may be key mechanisms in the long-lasting immunity elicited by YF17DD.

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Immunogenicity and safety of primary fractional-dose yellow fever vaccine in autoimmune rheumatic diseases

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0010002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0010002

Author(s):

Adriana Coracini Tonacio ◽

Tatiana do Nascimento Pedrosa ◽

Eduardo Ferreira Borba ◽

Nadia Emi Aikawa ◽

Sandra Gofinet Pasoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Activity ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Seroconversion Rate ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

High Rate ◽

Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Fractional Dose

Background Brazil faced a yellow fever(YF) outbreak in 2016–2018 and vaccination was considered for autoimmune rheumatic disease patients(ARD) with low immunosuppression due to YF high mortality. Objective This study aimed to evaluate, prospectively for the first time, the short-term immunogenicity of the fractional YF vaccine(YFV) immunization in ARD patients with low immunossupression. Objective Methodology and principal findings: A total of 318 participants(159 ARD and 159 age- and sex-matched healthy controls) were vaccinated with the fractional-dose(one fifth) of 17DD-YFV. All subjects were evaluated at entry(D0), D5, D10, and D30 post-vaccination for clinical/laboratory and disease activity parameters for ARD patients. Post-vaccination seroconversion rate(83.7%vs.96.6%, p = 0.0006) and geometric mean titers(GMT) of neutralizing antibodies[1143.7 (95%CI 1012.3–1292.2) vs.731 (95%CI 593.6–900.2), p<0.001] were significantly lower in ARD compared to controls. A lower positivity rate of viremia was also identified for ARD patients compared to controls at D5 (53%vs.70%, p = 0.005) and the levels persisted in D10 for patients and reduced for controls(51%vs.19%, p = 0.0001). The viremia was the only variable associated with seroconvertion. No serious adverse events were reported. ARD disease activity parameters remained stable at D30(p>0.05). Objective Conclusion: Fractional-dose 17DD-YF vaccine in ARD patients resulted in a high rate of seroconversion rate(>80%) but lower than controls, with a longer but less intense viremia. This vaccine was immunogenic, safe and did not induce flares in ARD under low immunosuppression and may be indicated in YF outbreak situations and for patients who live or travel to endemic areas. Trial registration This clinical trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT03430388).

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Association of IDDM and Attenuated Response of 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase to Yellow Fever Vaccine

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diab.38.12.1636 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 38 (12) ◽

pp. 1636-1642 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

V. Bonnevie-Nielsen ◽

M. L. Larsen ◽

J. J. Frifelt ◽

B. Michelsen ◽

A. Lernmark

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽

Oligoadenylate Synthetase

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Contaminant viruses in two live virus vaccines produced in chick cells

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400040286 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. J. C. Harris ◽

R. M. Dougherty ◽

P. M. Biggs ◽

L. N. Payne ◽

A. P. Goffe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Rous Sarcoma Virus ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽

Measles Vaccine ◽

Adult Males ◽

Live Virus ◽

Rous Sarcoma ◽

Embryo Cells ◽

Sarcoma Virus

Samples of yellow-fever vaccine prepared from homogenized chick embryos, and of an experimental measles vaccine prepared from chick embryo cells, have each been shown to contain a contaminant virus similar in properties to an avian leukosis virus. Young adult males injected with the yellow-fever vaccine did not develop neutralizing antibodies for Rous sarcoma virus.

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