scholarly journals Immunogenicity and safety of primary fractional-dose yellow fever vaccine in autoimmune rheumatic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0010002
Author(s):  
Adriana Coracini Tonacio ◽  
Tatiana do Nascimento Pedrosa ◽  
Eduardo Ferreira Borba ◽  
Nadia Emi Aikawa ◽  
Sandra Gofinet Pasoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Fractional Dose

Background Brazil faced a yellow fever(YF) outbreak in 2016–2018 and vaccination was considered for autoimmune rheumatic disease patients(ARD) with low immunosuppression due to YF high mortality. Objective This study aimed to evaluate, prospectively for the first time, the short-term immunogenicity of the fractional YF vaccine(YFV) immunization in ARD patients with low immunossupression. Objective Methodology and principal findings: A total of 318 participants(159 ARD and 159 age- and sex-matched healthy controls) were vaccinated with the fractional-dose(one fifth) of 17DD-YFV. All subjects were evaluated at entry(D0), D5, D10, and D30 post-vaccination for clinical/laboratory and disease activity parameters for ARD patients. Post-vaccination seroconversion rate(83.7%vs.96.6%, p = 0.0006) and geometric mean titers(GMT) of neutralizing antibodies[1143.7 (95%CI 1012.3–1292.2) vs.731 (95%CI 593.6–900.2), p<0.001] were significantly lower in ARD compared to controls. A lower positivity rate of viremia was also identified for ARD patients compared to controls at D5 (53%vs.70%, p = 0.005) and the levels persisted in D10 for patients and reduced for controls(51%vs.19%, p = 0.0001). The viremia was the only variable associated with seroconvertion. No serious adverse events were reported. ARD disease activity parameters remained stable at D30(p>0.05). Objective Conclusion: Fractional-dose 17DD-YF vaccine in ARD patients resulted in a high rate of seroconversion rate(>80%) but lower than controls, with a longer but less intense viremia. This vaccine was immunogenic, safe and did not induce flares in ARD under low immunosuppression and may be indicated in YF outbreak situations and for patients who live or travel to endemic areas. Trial registration This clinical trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT03430388).

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study of Varicella Zoster Virus Immunity in Healthy Korean Children Assessed by Glycoprotein Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Fluorescent Antibody to Membrane Antigen Test

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Yunhwa Kim ◽  
Ji-Young Hwang ◽  
Kyung-Min Lee ◽  
Eunsil Lee ◽  
Hosun Park
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Post Vaccination

The prevalence of varicella is especially high among children in the age group of 4–6 years in South Korea, regardless of vaccination. We investigated the immune status of healthy children enrolled in day-care centers and compared pre- and post-vaccination immunity. Antibody titers were measured using a glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpEIA) kit, and the seroconversion rate was assessed using a fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test. Among 541 vaccinated children, 109 (20.1%) had breakthrough varicella. However, 13 (72.2%) of the 18 unvaccinated children had a history of varicella. The gpEIA geometric mean titers (GMTs) of pre- and 5 weeks post-vaccination in 1-year-old children were 14.7 and 72 mIU/mL, respectively, and the FAMA seroconversion rate was 91.1%. The gpEIA GMTs of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old children were 104.1, 133.8, 223.5, 364.1, and 353.0 mIU/mL, respectively. Even though the gpEIA GMT increased with age, the pattern of gpEIA titer distribution in 4- to 6-year-old vaccinees without varicella history represented both waning immunity and natural boosting immunity. These results suggest that some vaccinees are vulnerable to varicella infection. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a two-dose varicella vaccine regimen in South Korea.

scholarly journals Randomized, double-blinded, controlled non-inferiority trials evaluating the immunogenicity and safety of fractional doses of Yellow Fever vaccines in Kenya and Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derick Kimathi ◽  
Aitana Juan ◽  
Philip Bejon ◽  
Rebecca F. Grais ◽  
George M. Warimwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
World Health ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Link Type

Introduction: Yellow fever is endemic in specific regions of sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas, with recent epidemics occurring on both continents. The yellow fever vaccine is effective, affordable and safe, providing life-long immunity following a single dose vaccination. However, the vaccine production process is slow and cannot be readily scaled up during epidemics. This has led the World Health Organization (WHO) to recommend the use of fractional doses as a dose-sparing strategy during epidemics, but there are no randomized controlled trials of fractional yellow fever vaccine doses in Africa. Methods and analysis: We will recruit healthy adult volunteers, adults living with HIV, and children to a series of randomized controlled trials aiming to determine the immunogenicity and safety of fractional vaccine doses in comparison to the standard vaccine dose. The trials will be conducted across two sites; Kilifi, Kenya and Mbarara, Uganda. Recruited participants will be randomized to receive fractional or standard doses of yellow fever vaccine. Scheduled visits will include blood collection for serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before vaccination and on various days – up to 2 years – post-vaccination. The primary outcome is the rate of seroconversion as measured by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) at 28 days post-vaccination. Secondary outcomes include antibody titre changes, longevity of the immune response, safety assessment using clinical data, the nature and magnitude of the cellular immune response and post-vaccination control of viremia by vaccine dose. Ethics and dissemination: The clinical trial protocols have received approval from the relevant institutional ethics and regulatory review committees in Kenya and Uganda, and the WHO Ethics Review Committee. The research findings will be disseminated through open-access publications and presented at relevant conferences and workshops. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02991495 (registered on 13 December 2016) and NCT04059471 (registered on 15 August 2019).

scholarly journals THE SEROCONVERSION RATE OF THE YELLOW FEVER VACCINE IS LOWER IN PATIENTS VACCINATED INADVERTENTLY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
KETTY LYSIE LIBARDI LIRA MACHADO ◽  
VALÉRIA VALIM ◽  
SHEILA MARIA BARBOSA DE LIMA ◽  
ANA CAROLINA CAMPI AZEVEDO ◽  
ANDRÉA TEIXEIRA CARVALHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccine

scholarly journals Safety and immunogenicity of a primary yellow fever vaccination under low-dose methotrexate therapy—a prospective multi-centre pilot study1

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silja Bühler ◽  
Veronika Katharina Jaeger ◽  
Gilles Eperon ◽  
Hansjakob Furrer ◽  
Christoph A Fux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Dose Methotrexate ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccination ◽  
First Time ◽  
Local Side

Abstract Background More people on immunosuppression live in or wish to travel to yellow fever virus (YFV)-endemic areas. Data on the safety and immunogenicity of yellow fever vaccination (YFVV) during immunosuppression are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a primary YFVV between travellers on methotrexate and controls. Methods We conducted a prospective multi-centre controlled observational study from 2015 to 2017 in six Swiss travel clinics. 15 adults (nine with rheumatic diseases, five with dermatologic conditions and one with a gastroenterological disease) on low-dose methotrexate (≤20 mg/week) requiring a primary YFVV and 15 age and sex-matched controls received a YFVV. Solicited/unsolicited adverse reactions were recorded, YFV-RNA was measured in serum samples on Days 3, 7, 10, 14, 28 and neutralizing antibodies on Days 0, 7, 10, 14, 28. Results Patients´ and controls’ median ages were 53 and 52 years; 9 patients and 10 controls were female. 43% of patients and 33% of controls showed local side effects (P = 0.71); 86% of patients and 66% of controls reported systemic reactions (P = 0.39). YFV-RNA was detected in patients and controls on Day 3–10 post-vaccination and was never of clinical significance. Slightly more patients developed YFV-RNAaemia (Day 3: n = 5 vs n = 2, Day 7: n = 9 vs n = 7, Day 10: n = 3 vs n = 2, all P &gt; 0.39). No serious reactions occurred. On Day 10, a minority of vaccinees was seroprotected (patients: n = 2, controls: n = 6). On Day 28, all vaccinees were seroprotected. Conclusions First-time YFVV was safe and immunogenic in travellers on low-dose methotrexate. Larger studies are needed to confirm these promising results.

scholarly journals Activation of an Effective Immune Response after Yellow Fever Vaccination Is Associated with the Genetic Background and Early Response of IFN-γ and CLEC5A

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Tamiris Azamor ◽  
Andréa Marques Vieira da Silva ◽  
Juliana Gil Melgaço ◽  
Ana Paula dos Santos ◽  
Caroline Xavier-Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Lectin Domain ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Innate Antiviral Response ◽  
Cellular Phenotypes

The yellow fever vaccine (YF17DD) is highly effective with a single injection conferring protection for at least 10 years. The YF17DD induces polyvalent responses, with a TH1/TH2 CD4+ profile, robust T CD8+ responses, and synthesis of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), culminating in high titers of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, C-type lectin domain containing 5A (CLEC5A) has been implicated in innate outcomes in other flaviviral infections. Here, we conducted a follow-up study in volunteers immunized with YF17DD, investigating the humoral response, cellular phenotypes, gene expression, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IFNG and CLEC5A, to clarify the role of these factors in early response after vaccination. Activation of CLEC5A+ monocytes occurred five days after vaccination (DAV). Following, seven DAV data showed activation of CD4+ and CD8+T cells together with early positive correlations between type II IFN and genes of innate antiviral response (STAT1, STAT2, IRF7, IRF9, OAS1, and RNASEL) as well as antibody levels. Furthermore, individuals with genotypes rs2430561 AT/AA, rs2069718 AG/AA (IFNG), and rs13237944 AC/AA (CLEC5A), exhibited higher expression of IFNG and CLEC5A, respectively. Together, we demonstrated that early IFN-γ and CLEC5A responses, associated with rs2430561, rs2069718, and rs13237944 genotypes, may be key mechanisms in the long-lasting immunity elicited by YF17DD.

scholarly journals Safety and Immunogenicity of CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 Against the SARS-CoV-2 Circulating Variants of Concern (Alpha, Delta, Beta) in Thai Healthcare Workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasikarn Angkasekwinai ◽  
Jaturong Sewatanon ◽  
Suvimol Niyomnaitham ◽  
Supaporn Phumiamorn ◽  
Kasama Sukapirom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Electronic Diary ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Care Workers

Importance: Inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) and chimpanzee adenovirus-vector vaccine (ChAdOx1) have been more available in resource-limited settings. However, the data comparing between these two vaccines in the same setting are limited. Objectives: To determine adverse events (AEs) and immunogenicity of CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 in health care workers (HCWs). Design: This prospective study was conducted from February to July 2021. Setting: A single center, university-based tertiary care center in Bangkok. Participants: Healthy HCWs. Exposure: Two doses of CoronaVac (4 weeks apart) or ChAdOx1 (8 weeks apart) intramuscularly. Main Outcomes and Measures: Self-reported AEs were collected for 7 days following each vaccination using electronic diary. The immunogenicity was determined by the level of IgG antibodies against receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S1 subunit). The 50% plaque reduction neutralization tests against original Wuhan strain and circulating VOCs were performed in subset of samples at 2 weeks after the second dose. Results: Of the 360 HCWs, 180 received each vaccine. The median (interquartile range: IQR) age was 35 (29-44) years old and 84.2% were female. Participants who received ChAdOx1 reported higher frequency of AEs than those received CoronaVac after both the first dose (84.4% vs. 66.1%, P < 0.001) and second dose (75.6% vs. 60.6%, P = 0.002), with more AEs in those younger than 30 years of age for both vaccines. The seroconversion rate was 75.6% and 100% following the first dose of CoronaVac and ChAdOx1, respectively. All participants seroconverted at 2 weeks after the second dose. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG levels induced by CoronaVac was lower than ChAdOX1 with geometric means of 164.4 and 278.5 BAU/mL, respectively (P = 0.0066). Both vaccines induced similar levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Wuhan strain, geometric mean titer (GMT) of 337.4 vs 331.2; however, CoronaVac induced significantly lower GMT against Alpha (23.1 vs. 92.5), Delta (21.2 vs. 69.7), and Beta (10.2 vs. 43.6) variants, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: CoronaVac induces lower measurable antibodies but with lower frequency of AEs than ChAdOx1. The low neutralizing antibodies against the circulating VOCs induced by CoronaVac supports the need for earlier boosting to prevent breakthrough infections. Trial Registration: TCTR20210720002 https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/

scholarly journals Neutralizing activity of BBIBP-CorV vaccine-elicited sera against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqi Yu ◽  
Dong Wei ◽  
Wenxin Xu ◽  
Wentian Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Serious Adverse Event ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Multiple Variants

Abstract We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BBIBP-CorV, especially measured the resistance of four global variants of concern: Lineage B.1.1.7, Lineage B.1.351, Lineage P.1, and Lineage B.1.526 to neutralizing activity of vaccine-elicited sera. Among 1006 enrolled participants, no serious adverse event was reported within 28 days post-vaccination. Seroconversion of neutralizing antibodies was seen in 698 (91.84%) of 760 healthcare workers, and the geometric mean titres (GMTs) of neutralizing antibody titre was 62.68 (57.02–68.91) after the second immunization. We found that 57 (12.13%), 99 (20.97%), and 114 (24.26%) vaccine-elicited sera showed complete or partial loss of neutralizing activity against lineage B.1.1.7, lineage B.1.526, and lineage P.1, respectively, while 199 (42.34%) vaccine-elicited sera preserved neutralizing activity against lineage B.1.351, albeit at relatively low dilutions. These data indicated that humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 could be effectively induced in vaccine recipients, although diminished neutralization potency against multiple variants was observed.

Rate of seroconversion for routine vaccinations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia on ibrutinib.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19509-e19509
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ammad Ud Din ◽  
Saad Jamshed
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Bruton Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Anti Cd20

e19509 Background: It is unclear whether Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) contribute to the humoral dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Methods: A literature search of PubMed, EmCare, and Google Scholar was performed on December 5, 2020. Five studies met inclusion criteria out of 249 studies per PRISMA guidelines (n = 244). Results: Pleyer et al. and Zent et al. showed an adequate recall humoral response to the shingle vaccine (41.5% and 75% seroconversion rate respectively), however, de novo response to hepatitis B vaccine was greatly reduced. Conflicting results were seen for the influenza vaccine as Sun et al. showed a significant increase in post-vaccination geometric mean titers for all three strains while only 7% of patients demonstrated seroconversion in the study by Douglas et al. None of the patients responded to the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in a study by Andrick et al, though the results were not statistically significant (p = 0.029) (Table). Conclusions: Treatment with BTKi may not cause significant detrimental response to immunization but further studies are needed to elucidate longterm effects especially in patients with prior exposure to anti-CD20 antibodies.[Table: see text]

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