scholarly journals Borrelia burgdorferi Complement Regulator-Acquiring Surface Protein 2 (CspZ) as a Serological Marker of Human Lyme Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kraiczy ◽  
Annekatrin Seling ◽  
Catherine A. Brissette ◽  
Evelyn Rossmann ◽  
Klaus-Peter Hunfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Complement Regulator ◽  
Infecting Organisms

ABSTRACT Serological diagnosis of Lyme disease may be complicated by antigenic differences between infecting organisms and those used as test references. Accordingly, it would be helpful to include antigens whose sequences are well conserved by a broad range of Lyme disease spirochetes. In the present study, line blot analyses were performed using recombinant complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 2 (BbCRASP-2) from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strain B31 and serum samples from human Lyme disease patients from throughout the United States and Germany. The results indicated that a large proportion of the patients had produced antibodies recognizing recombinant BbCRASP-2. In addition, Lyme disease spirochetes isolated from across North America and Europe were found to contain genes encoding proteins with high degrees of similarity to the B. burgdorferi type strain B31 BbCRASP-2, consistent with the high percentage of serologically positive patients. These data indicate that BbCRASP-2 may be valuable for use in a widely effective serological assay.

scholarly journals Borrelia burgdorferi Complement Regulator-Acquiring Surface Protein 1 of the Lyme Disease Spirochetes Is Expressed in Humans and Induces Antibody Responses Restricted to Nondenatured Structural Determinants

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 7024-7028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Rossmann ◽  
Veronique Kitiratschky ◽  
Heidelore Hofmann ◽  
Peter Kraiczy ◽  
Markus M. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Pathogen Persistence ◽  
Complement Regulator

ABSTRACT Borrelia burgdorferi complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 1 (CRASP-1), the dominant factor H and FHL-1-binding protein of the Lyme disease spirochete B. burgdorferi, is implicated in pathogen persistence and was recently reported to be nonimmunogenic in humans. Here we show that serum samples from Lyme disease patients contain antibodies with exclusive specificity for nondenatured structural determinants of CRASP-1.

scholarly journals The Borrelial Fibronectin-Binding Protein RevA Is an Early Antigen of Human Lyme Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Brissette ◽  
Evelyn Rossmann ◽  
Amy Bowman ◽  
Anne E. Cooley ◽  
Sean P. Riley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Sizable Proportion ◽  
Fibronectin Binding Protein ◽  
Fibronectin Binding

ABSTRACT Previous studies using small numbers of serum samples from human patients and experimentally infected animals identified the frequent presence of antibodies recognizing RevA, a borrelial fibronectin-binding outer surface protein. We now demonstrate that most examined Lyme disease spirochetes from North America and Europe contain genes encoding RevA proteins, some with extensive regions of conservation and others with moderate diversity. Line blot analyses using recombinant RevA from two diverse Lyme disease spirochetes of RevA and serum samples from culture-confirmed human Lyme disease patients from the United States (n = 46, mainly with early Lyme disease) and Germany (>500, with early and late manifestations of Lyme disease) were performed. The results indicated that a sizable proportion of patients produced antibodies that recognized recombinant RevA. Overall, RevA-based serological studies were less sensitive and less specific than other assay types, such as the VlsE-based C6 peptide assay. However, sera from patients in the initial stages of Lyme disease contained antibodies against RevA, demonstrating that this protein is expressed early in human infection. Thus, RevA may be a useful target for preventative or curative therapies.

scholarly journals DNA Microarray Assessment of Putative Borrelia burgdorferi Lipoprotein Genes

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 3300-3303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Ting Liang ◽  
F. Kenneth Nelson ◽  
Erol Fikrig
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Borrelia Garinii ◽  
Borrelia Afzelii ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT A DNA microarray containing fragments of 137 Borrelia burgdorferi B31 putative lipoprotein genes was used to examine Lyme disease spirochetes. DNA from B. burgdorferi sensu stricto B31, 297, and N40; Borrelia garinii IP90; and Borrelia afzelii P/Gau was fluorescently labeled and hybridized to the microarray, demonstrating the degree to which the individual putative lipoprotein genes were conserved among the genospecies. These data show that a DNA microarray can globally examine the genes encoding B. burgdorferi lipoproteins.

scholarly journals Dogs Vaccinated with Common Lyme Disease Vaccines Do Not Respond to IR6, the Conserved Immunodominant Region of the VlsE Surface Protein of Borrelia burgdorferi

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. O'Connor ◽  
Kathy J. Esty ◽  
Jancy L. Hanscom ◽  
Paulette Shields ◽  
Mario T. Philipp
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Fort Dodge Animal Health

ABSTRACT A 25-amino-acid synthetic peptide (C6 peptide) derived from an immunodominant conserved region (designated IR6) of the VlsE protein of Borrelia burgdorferi has been identified and used to construct immunoenzyme-based diagnostic procedures. These procedures have excellent sensitivity and specificity. Previous reports have demonstrated the usefulness of the C6 peptide as an antigen for the serodiagnosis of human and canine Lyme disease. Results indicated that assays based on the C6 peptide were nonreactive to sera from vaccinated nonexposed animals. The purpose of the present study was to confirm these results in a controlled trial by testing sera from experimentally vaccinated dogs known to be uninfected. Nine specific-pathogen-free beagles were assigned to one of three vaccine groups, each containing three dogs. Each group received one of three commercial Lyme vaccines: RECOMBITEK Lyme (Merial), LymeVax (Fort Dodge Animal Health), and Galaxy Lyme (Schering-Plough Animal Health). Each animal was administered a total of five doses of vaccine over a period of 39 weeks. Serum samples were collected prior to vaccination and then on a weekly basis from weeks 3 to 18 and from weeks 33 to 43. Selected samples were tested by the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the Western blot (WB) assay using whole-cell B. burgdorferi antigen extracts, and the results were compared to those obtained with two immunoenzyme-based procedures formatted by using the C6 peptide. Serum specimens from all animals were reactive to the IFA and WB assay at week 5 and became highly reactive following the administration of multiple doses of vaccine. All serum specimens were uniformly nonreactive in the C6 peptide immunoenzyme procedures at all time points throughout the study.

scholarly journals Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi OspA, OspC, OspF, and C6 Antigens as Markers for Early and Late Infection in Dogs

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Wagner ◽  
Heather Freer ◽  
Alicia Rollins ◽  
David Garcia-Tapia ◽  
Hollis N. Erb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Early Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACTLyme disease in the United States is caused byBorrelia burgdorferisensu stricto, which is transmitted to mammals by infected ticks.Borreliaspirochetes differentially express immunogenic outer surface proteins (Osp). Our aim was to evaluate antibody responses to Osp antigens to aid the diagnosis of early infection and the management of Lyme disease. We analyzed antibody responses during the first 3 months after the experimental infection of dogs using a novel multiplex assay. Results were compared to those obtained with two commercial assays detecting C6 antigen. Multiplex analysis identified antibodies to OspC and C6 as early as 3 weeks postinfection (p.i.) and those to OspF by 5 weeks p.i. Antibodies to C6 and OspF increased throughout the study, while antibodies to OspC peaked between 7 and 11 weeks p.i. and declined thereafter. A short-term antibody response to OspA was observed in 3/8 experimentally infected dogs on day 21 p.i. Quant C6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results matched multiplex results during the first 7 weeks p.i.; however, antibody levels subsequently declined by up to 29%. Immune responses then were analyzed in sera from 125 client-owned dogs and revealed high agreement between antibodies to OspF and C6 as robust markers for infection. Results from canine patient sera supported that OspC is an early infection marker and antibodies to OspC decline over time. The onset and decline of antibody responses toB. burgdorferiOsp antigens and C6 reflect their differential expression during infection. They provide valuable tools to determine the stage of infection, treatment outcomes, and vaccination status in dogs.

scholarly journals Passage through Ixodes scapularis Ticks Enhances the Virulence of a Weakly Pathogenic Isolate of Borrelia burgdorferi

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarojini Adusumilli ◽  
Carmen J. Booth ◽  
Juan Anguita ◽  
Erol Fikrig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Array Analysis ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Attenuated Isolate

ABSTRACT Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne illness in the United States. In this paper we explore the contribution of Ixodes scapularis ticks to the pathogenicity of Borrelia burgdorferi in mice. Previously we demonstrated that an isolate of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (designated N40), passaged 75 times in vitro (N40-75), was infectious but was no longer able to cause arthritis and carditis in C3H mice. We now show that N40-75 spirochetes can readily colonize I. scapularis and multiply during tick engorgement. Remarkably, tick-transmitted N40-75 spirochetes cause disease in mice. N40-75 spirochetes isolated from these animals also retained their pathogenicity when subsequently administered to mice via syringe inoculation. Array analysis revealed that several genes associated with virulence, including bba25, bba65, bba66, bbj09, and bbk32, had higher expression levels in the tick-passaged N40-75 spirochete. These data suggest that transmission of a high-passage attenuated isolate of B. burgdorferi by the arthropod vector results in the generation of spirochetes that have enhanced pathogenesis in mice.

Lyme Disease Risk of Exposure to Blacklegged Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Infected with Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) in Pittsburgh Regional Parks

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E Simmons ◽  
Anna B Manges ◽  
Tashi Bharathan ◽  
Shannon L Tepe ◽  
Sara E McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Lyme Disease Risk

Abstract Lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne illness and sixth most commonly reported notifiable infectious disease in the United States. The majority of cases occur in the Northeast and upper-Midwest, and the number and geographic distribution of cases is steadily increasing. The blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis Say) is the principal vector of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto) in eastern North America. Although Lyme disease risk has been studied in residential and recreational settings across rural to urban landscapes including metropolitan areas, risk within U.S. cities has not been adequately evaluated despite the presence of natural and undeveloped public parkland where visitors could be exposed to B. burgdorferi-infected I. scapularis. We studied the occurrence of I. scapularis and infection prevalence of B. burgdorferi in four insular regional parks within the city of Pittsburgh to assess Lyme disease risk of exposure to infected adults and nymphs. We found that the density of I. scapularis adults (1.16 ± 0.21 ticks/100 m2) and nymphs (3.42 ± 0.45 ticks/100 m2), infection prevalence of B. burgdorferi in adults (51.9%) and nymphs (19.3%), and density of infected adults (0.60 ticks/100 m2) and nymphs (0.66 ticks/100 m2) are as high in these city parks as nonurban residential and recreational areas in the highly endemic coastal Northeast. These findings emphasize the need to reconsider, assess, and manage Lyme disease risk in greenspaces within cities, especially in high Lyme disease incidence states.

scholarly journals Lyme Disease: Diversity of Borrelia Species in California and Mexico Detected Using a Novel Immunoblot Assay

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Fesler ◽  
Jyotsna S. Shah ◽  
Marianne J. Middelveen ◽  
Iris Du Cruz ◽  
Joseph J. Burrascano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Immunoblot Technique ◽  
Group 1

Background: With more than 300,000 new cases reported each year in the United States of America (USA), Lyme disease is a major public health concern. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (Bbss) is considered the primary agent of Lyme disease in North America. However, multiple genetically diverse Borrelia species encompassing the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) complex and the Relapsing Fever Borrelia (RFB) group are capable of causing tickborne disease. We report preliminary results of a serological survey of previously undetected species of Bbsl and RFB in California and Mexico using a novel immunoblot technique. Methods: Serum samples were tested for seroreactivity to specific species of Bbsl and RFB using an immunoblot method based on recombinant Borrelia membrane proteins, as previously described. A sample was recorded as seropositive if it showed immunoglobulin M (IgM) and/or IgG reactivity with at least two proteins from a specific Borrelia species. Results: The patient cohort consisted of 90 patients residing in California or Mexico who met the clinical case definition of chronic Lyme disease. Immunoblot testing revealed that 42 patients were seropositive for Bbsl (Group 1), while 56 patients were seropositive for RFB (Group 2). Eight patients were seropositive for both Bbsl and RFB species. Group 1 included patients who were seropositive for Bbss (14), B. californiensis (eight), B. spielmanii (10), B. afzelii/B. garinii (10), and mixed infections that included B. mayonii (three). Group 2 included patients who were seropositive for B. hermsii (nine), B. miyamotoi (seven), B. turicatae (nine), and B. turcica (two). In the remaining Group 1 and Group 2 patients, the exact Borrelia species could not be identified using the immunoblot technique. Conclusions: Lyme disease is associated with a diverse group of Borrelia species in California and Mexico. Current testing for Lyme disease focuses on detection of Bbss, possibly resulting in missed diagnoses and failure to administer appropriate antibiotic therapy in a timely manner. The genetic diversity of Borrelia spirochetes must be considered in future Lyme disease test development.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Recombinant VlsE-Based Liaison Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi and Diagnosis of Lyme Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1796-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Ledue ◽  
Marilyn F. Collins ◽  
John Young ◽  
Martin E. Schriefer
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chemiluminescence Immunoassay ◽  
Variable Surface ◽  
Relative Specificity

ABSTRACT Recent efforts to improve the serologic diagnosis of Lyme disease have included the use of a synthetic peptide (C6) that reproduces the sequence of invariable region 6 of VlsE, the variable surface antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi. In the present study, the diagnostic performance of DiaSorin's recombinant VlsE-based chemiluminescence immunoassay in 1,947 human serum samples was evaluated. Sensitivity was determined using two serum panels from the CDC. For panel I, we observed sensitivities of 68.4% and 75.6% for subjects with early, localized (n = 19) or disseminated (n = 41) disease, respectively. For panel II, we observed sensitivities of 61.5% and 100% for subjects with early (n = 26) or late-stage (n = 11) disease, respectively. We observed a specificity of 99.5% for healthy donors (n = 600) living either in regions of the United States where the disease is endemic or in regions where it is not endemic. Overall, specificity among 207 potentially cross-reactive sera from subjects who had other spirochetal infections, nonspirochetal infections including bacterial and viral infections, or autoimmune or neurologic disease; who were positive for rheumatoid factor or anti-mouse antibodies; or who had been previously vaccinated for Lyme disease was 93.7%. In a direct comparison of 1,038 prospectively collected samples for Lyme disease testing we observed a relative sensitivity of 70%, a relative specificity of 99.1%, and an overall agreement of 97.1% between the DiaSorin recombinant VlsE chemiluminescence immunoassay and the Immunetics peptide-based C6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

scholarly journals Distribution of Twelve Linear Extrachromosomal DNAs in Natural Isolates of Lyme Disease Spirochetes

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (9) ◽  
pp. 2476-2480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanette Palmer ◽  
Claire Fraser ◽  
Sherwood Casjens
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Linear Plasmids ◽  
Borrelia Garinii ◽  
Natural Isolates ◽  
Disease Agent ◽  
Lyme Disease Agent ◽  
Sequence Similarities

ABSTRACT We have analyzed a panel of independent North American isolates of the Lyme disease agent spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu stricto), for the presence of linear plasmids with sequence similarities to the 12 linear plasmids present in theB. burgdorferi type strain, isolate B31. The frequency of similarities to probes from each of the 12 B31 plasmids varied from 13 to 100% in the strain panel examined, and these similarities usually reside on plasmids similar in size to the cognate B31 plasmid. Sequences similar to 5 of the 12 B31 plasmids were found in all of the isolates examined, and >66% of the panel members hybridized to probes from 4 other plasmids. Sequences similar to most of the B. burgdorferi B31 plasmid-derived DNA probes used were also found on linear plasmids in the related Eurasian Lyme agentsBorrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii; however, some of these plasmids had uniform but substantially different sizes from their B. burgdorferi counterparts.

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