scholarly journals Pilot Study of Whole-Blood Gamma Interferon Response to the Vibrio cholerae Toxin B Subunit and Resistance to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Associated Diarrhea

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-881
Author(s):  
Jose Flores ◽  
Herbert L. DuPont ◽  
Mercedes Paredes-Paredes ◽  
M. Magdalena Aguirre-Garcia ◽  
Araceli Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which produces heat-labile toxin (LT), is a common cause of travelers' diarrhea (TD). The B subunit of ETEC LT is immunologically related to the B subunit of Vibrio cholerae toxin (CT). In this pilot study we evaluated the whole-blood gamma interferon response to CT B in 17 U.S. adults traveling to Mexico. Only one of nine subjects who demonstrated a cellular immune response as determined by whole-blood gamma interferon production to CT B on arrival to Mexico developed diarrhea, whereas five of eight without a cellular response developed diarrhea. Markers of the cellular immune response to ETEC LT could help in identifying individuals immune to ETEC LT, and these markers deserve additional study.

scholarly journals Assessment of the human cellular immune response to T27K, a coccidioidal antigen preparation, by flow cytometry of whole blood

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Ampel ◽  
L. A. Kramer ◽  
K. M. Kerekes ◽  
S. M. Johnson ◽  
D. Pappagianis
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Antigen Preparation ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Receptor Binding by Cholera Toxin B-Subunit and Amino Acid Modification Improves Minimal Peptide Immunogenicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andreas Boberg ◽  
Alexandra Stålnacke ◽  
Andreas Bråve ◽  
Jorma Hinkula ◽  
Britta Wahren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Functional Assay ◽  
Cholera Toxin B Subunit ◽  
Acid Modification ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Cellular Immune

We increase our understanding of augmenting a cellular immune response, by using an HIV-1 protease-derived epitope (PR75–84), and variants thereof, coupled to the C-terminal, of the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB). Fusion proteins were used for immunizations of HLA-A0201 transgenic C57BL/6 mice. We observed different capacities to elicit a cellular immune response by peptides with additions of five to ten amino acids to the PR epitope. There was a positive correlation between the magnitude of the elicited cellular immune response and the capacity of the fusion protein to bind GM-1. This binding capacity is affected by its ability to form natural pentamers of CTB. Our results suggest that functional CTB pentamers containing a foreign amino acid-modified epitope is a novel way to overcome the limited cellular immunogenicity of minimal peptide antigens. This way of using a functional assay as readout for improved cellular immunogenicity might become highly valuable for difficult immunogens such as short peptides (epitopes).

scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae O1 Infection Induces Proinflammatory CD4+T-Cell Responses in Blood and Intestinal Mucosa of Infected Humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1371-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Kuchta ◽  
Taibur Rahman ◽  
Erica L. Sennott ◽  
Taufiqur R. Bhuyian ◽  
Taher Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACTVibrio choleraeO1 is a noninvasive enteric pathogen and serves as a model for studies of mucosal immunity. Although symptomaticV. choleraeinfection induces durable protection against subsequent disease, vaccination with oral killed whole-cellV. choleraestimulates less long-lasting protection against cholera. In this study, we demonstrated that cholera induces an early proinflammatory cellular immune response that results in priming of Th1- and Th17-type cytokine responses toex vivoantigenic stimulation and an increase in the ratio of Th1 to Th2 CD4+T-cell responses. Comparable priming of Th1 and Th17 responses, with an increased ratio of Th1 to Th2 CD4+T-cell responses, was not observed in subjects who received two doses of the oral cholera vaccine Dukoral (a whole-cell cholera toxin B subunit containing [WC-CTB] vaccine). These findings suggest that naturalV. choleraeinfection induces an early, proinflammatory cellular immune response, despite the apparent lack of clinical signs of inflammation. The failure of the WC-CTB vaccine to activate equivalent, CD4+T-cell responses is a potential explanation for the shorter duration of protection following immunization with this vaccine. Additional studies are needed to determine whether these early T-cell-mediated events predict the subsequent duration of immunologic memory.

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