scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of the Antarctic Endolithic Fungi Rachicladosporium antarcticum CCFEE 5527 and Rachicladosporium sp. CCFEE 5018

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Coleine ◽  
Sawyer Masonjones ◽  
Laura Selbmann ◽  
Laura Zucconi ◽  
Silvano Onofri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Mcmurdo Dry Valleys ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Rock Inhabiting Fungi

ABSTRACT The draft genome sequences of Rachicladosporium antarcticum CCFEE 5527 and Rachicladosporium sp. CCFEE 5018 are the first sequenced genomes from this genus, which comprises rock-inhabiting fungi. These endolithic strains were isolated from inside rocks collected from the Antarctic Peninsula and Battleship Promontory (McMurdo Dry Valleys), Antarctica, respectively.

scholarly journals Geochemical features and sources of hydrocarbons and fatty acids in soils from the McMurdo Dry Valleys in the Antarctic

Polar Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genki I. Matsumoto ◽  
Eisuke Honda ◽  
Kazuhiko Sonoda ◽  
Shuichi Yamamoto ◽  
Tetsuo Takemura
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mcmurdo Dry Valleys ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals Improved High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of the Eurypsychrophile Rhodotorula sp. JG1b, Isolated from Permafrost in the Hyperarid Upper-Elevation McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Goordial ◽  
Isabelle Raymond-Bouchard ◽  
Robert Riley ◽  
Jennifer Ronholm ◽  
Nicole Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Mcmurdo Dry Valleys ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cold Adapted

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Rhodotorula sp. strain JG1b, a yeast that was isolated from ice-cemented permafrost in the upper-elevation McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. The sequenced genome size is 19.39 Mb, consisting of 156 scaffolds and containing a total of 5,625 predicted genes. This is the first known cold-adapted Rhodotorula sp. sequenced to date.

scholarly journals Endolithic Fungal Species Markers for Harshest Conditions in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Coleine ◽  
Nuttapon Pombubpa ◽  
Laura Zucconi ◽  
Silvano Onofri ◽  
Jason E. Stajich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Mcmurdo Dry Valleys ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
The Antarctic

The microbial communities that inhabit lithic niches inside sandstone in the Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys of life’s limits on Earth. The cryptoendolithic communities survive in these ice-free areas that have the lowest temperatures on Earth coupled with strong thermal fluctuations, extreme aridity, oligotrophy and high levels of solar and UV radiation. In this study, based on DNA metabarcoding, targeting the fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer region 1 (ITS1) and multivariate statistical analyses, we supply the first comprehensive overview onto the fungal diversity and composition of these communities sampled over a broad geographic area of the Antarctic hyper-arid cold desert. Six locations with surfaces that experience variable sun exposure were sampled to compare communities from a common area across a gradient of environmental pressure. The Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) identified were primarily members of the Ascomycota phylum, comprised mostly of the Lecanoromycetes and Dothideomycetes classes. The fungal species Friedmanniomyces endolithicus, endemic to Antarctica, was found to be a marker species to the harshest conditions occurring in the shady, south exposed rock surfaces. Analysis of community composition showed that sun exposure was an environmental property that explained community diversity and structured endolithic colonization.

scholarly journals Microbial Community Dynamics in Two Polar Extremes: The Lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys and the West Antarctic Peninsula Marine Ecosystem

BioScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 829-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff S. Bowman ◽  
Trista J. Vick-Majors ◽  
Rachael Morgan-Kiss ◽  
Cristina Takacs-Vesbach ◽  
Hugh W. Ducklow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Mcmurdo Dry Valleys ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
The West ◽  
Microbial Community Dynamics ◽  
West Antarctic ◽  
West Antarctic Peninsula

Snow recurrence sets the depth of dry permafrost at high elevations in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Mcmurdo Dry Valleys ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Ground Ice ◽  
Recurrence Intervals ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractDry permafrost on Earth is unique to the Antarctic and is found in the upper elevations of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Despite its widespread presence in the Dry Valleys, the factors that control the distribution of dry permafrost and the ice-cemented ground below it are poorly understood. Here I show, by a combination of theoretical analysis and field observations, that the recurrence of snow can explain the depth of dry permafrost and the location of ice-cemented ground in Antarctica. For data from Linnaeus Terrace at 1600–1650 m elevation in Upper Wright Valley a recurrence intervals of about two years explains the presence of ground ice at 25 cm depth, under 12.5 cm of dry permafrost. Snow recurrence periods longer than 10 years would create only dry permafrost at this site. The snow gradient in University Valley resulting from the windblown snow from the polar plateau creates a corresponding gradient in the depth to ice-cemented ground. On the floor of Beacon Valley, the presence of dry permafrost without underlying ice-cemented ground indicates snow recurrence intervals of more than 10 years and implies that the ancient massive ice in this valley is not stable. Snow recurrence may also set the depth to ground ice on Mars.

Geological and geomorphological insights into Antarctic ice sheet evolution

2006 ◽  
Vol 364 (1844) ◽  
pp. 1607-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E Sugden ◽  
Michael J Bentley ◽  
Colm Ó Cofaigh
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
The West ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Cosmogenic Isotope ◽  
The Antarctic

Technical advances in the study of ice-free parts of Antarctica can provide quantitative records that are useful for constraining and refining models of ice sheet evolution and behaviour. Such records improve our understanding of system trajectory, influence the questions we ask about system stability and help to define the ice-sheet processes that are relevant on different time-scales. Here, we illustrate the contribution of cosmogenic isotope analysis of exposed bedrock surfaces and marine geophysical surveying to the understanding of Antarctic ice sheet evolution on a range of time-scales. In the Dry Valleys of East Antarctica, 3 He dating of subglacial flood deposits that are now exposed on mountain summits provide evidence of an expanded and thicker Mid-Miocene ice sheet. The survival of surface boulders for approximately 14 Myr, the oldest yet measured, demonstrates exceptionally low rates of subsequent erosion and points to the persistence and stability of the dry polar desert climate since that time. Increasingly, there are constraints on West Antarctic ice sheet fluctuations during Quaternary glacial cycles. In the Sarnoff Mountains of Marie Byrd Land in West Antarctica, 10 Be and 26 Al cosmogenic isotope analysis of glacial erratics and bedrock reveal steady thinning of the ice sheet from 10 400 years ago to the present, probably as a result of grounding line retreat. In the Antarctic Peninsula, offshore analysis reveals an extensive ice sheet at the last glacial maximum. Based on radiocarbon dating, deglaciation began by 17 000 cal yr BP and was complete by 9500 cal yr BP. Deglaciation of the west and east sides of the Antarctic Peninsula ice sheet occurred at different times and rates, but was largely complete by the Early Holocene. At that time ice shelves were less extensive on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula than they are today. The message from the past is that individual glacier drainage basins in Antarctica respond in different and distinctive ways to global climate change, depending on the link between regional topography and climate setting.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Paenisporosarcina sp. Strain TG-14, a Psychrophilic Bacterium Isolated from Sediment-Laden Stratified Basal Ice from Taylor Glacier, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (23) ◽  
pp. 6656-6657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Yeon Koh ◽  
Sung Gu Lee ◽  
Jun Hyuck Lee ◽  
Shawn Doyle ◽  
Brent C. Christner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Mcmurdo Dry Valleys ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Basal Ice ◽  
Taylor Glacier

ABSTRACTThe psychrophilic bacteriumPaenisporosarcinasp. TG-14 was isolated from sediment-laden stratified basal ice from Taylor Glacier, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Here we report the draft genome sequence of this strain, which may provide useful information on the cold adaptation mechanism in extremely variable environments.

Twenty-seventh Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting Cape Town, South Africa, 24 May–4 June 2004

Polar Record ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Mcmurdo Dry Valleys ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic

The texts of the Decisions and Resolutions, and the text of Measure 1 (2004), together with a summary of the Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Managed area No. 2, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Southern Victoria Land, adopted at XXVII ATCM were reproduced in SCAR Bulletin No 155, October 2004. A summary of the Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Managed Area No. 3, Cape Denison, Commonwealth Bay, George V land, together with Measures 2–4, are reproduced here. The full versions of all the Decisions, Measures and Resolutions are on the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat website at http://www.ats.org.ar/

scholarly journals Foehn Winds in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: The Origin of Extreme Warming Events*

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 3577-3598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna C. Speirs ◽  
Daniel F. Steinhoff ◽  
Hamish A. McGowan ◽  
David H. Bromwich ◽  
Andrew J. Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Mcmurdo Dry Valleys ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Mountain Wave ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Surface Weather ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract Foehn winds resulting from topographic modification of airflow in the lee of mountain barriers are frequently experienced in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) of Antarctica. Strong foehn winds in the MDVs cause dramatic warming at onset and have significant effects on landscape forming processes; however, no detailed scientific investigation of foehn in the MDVs has been conducted. As a result, they are often misinterpreted as adiabatically warmed katabatic winds draining from the polar plateau. Herein observations from surface weather stations and numerical model output from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) during foehn events in the MDVs are presented. Results show that foehn winds in the MDVs are caused by topographic modification of south-southwesterly airflow, which is channeled into the valleys from higher levels. Modeling of a winter foehn event identifies mountain wave activity similar to that associated with midlatitude foehn winds. These events are found to be caused by strong pressure gradients over the mountain ranges of the MDVs related to synoptic-scale cyclones positioned off the coast of Marie Byrd Land. Analysis of meteorological records for 2006 and 2007 finds an increase of 10% in the frequency of foehn events in 2007 compared to 2006, which corresponds to stronger pressure gradients in the Ross Sea region. It is postulated that the intra- and interannual frequency and intensity of foehn events in the MDVs may therefore vary in response to the position and frequency of cyclones in the Ross Sea region.

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