Chlamydia spreads to the large intestine lumen via multiple pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengzi Zhou ◽  
Qi Tian ◽  
Luying Wang ◽  
Min Xue ◽  
Dabao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Blood Circulation System ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Intravenous Inoculation ◽  
Careful Comparison ◽  
Made In

Chlamydia in the genital tract is known to spread via the blood circulation system to the large intestinal lumen to achieve long-lasting colonization. However, the precise pathways for genital Chlamydia to access to the large intestinal lumen remain unclear. The spleen was recently reported to be critical for the chlamydial spreading. In the current study, it was found that following intravaginal inoculation with Chlamydia , mice with or without splenectomy both produced infectious Chlamydia in the rectal swabs, indicating that spleen is not essential for genital Chlamydia to spread to the gastrointestinal tract. This conclusion was validated by the observation that intravenously inoculated Chlamydia was also detected in the rectal swabs of mice regardless of splenectomy. Careful comparison of the tissue distribution of live chlamydial organisms following intravenous inoculation revealed redundant pathways for Chlamydia to reach the large intestine lumen. The intravenously inoculated Chlamydia was predominantly recruited to the spleen within 12h and then detected in the stomach lumen by 24h, the intestinal lumen by 48h and rectal swabs by 72h. These observations suggest a potential spleen-to-stomach pathway for hematogenous Chlamydia to reach the large intestine lumen. This conclusion was supported by the observation made in mice under coprophagy-free condition. However, in the absence of spleen, hematogenous Chlamydia was predominantly recruited to the liver and then simultaneously detected in the intestinal tissue and lumen, suggesting a potential liver-to-intestine pathway for Chlamydia to reach the large intestine lumen. Thus, genital/hematogenous Chlamydia may reach the large intestinal lumen via multiple redundant pathways.

STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF DENTOALVEOLAR ANOMALIES, INCLUDING DISTAL BITE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Г.Т. Ермуханова ◽  
А.О. Етекбаева
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
Blood Circulation System ◽  
Lateral Segment ◽  
Distal Occlusion ◽  
Maxillary Region

В данной статье описывается изучение распространенности зубочелюстных аномалий, в том числе и дистального прикуса среди детей и подростков школьного возраста. В настоящее время широко распространены зубочелюстные аномалии, в том числе дистальный прикус среди детей и подростков. Зубочелюстные аномалии приводят к функциональной патологии морфологических нарушений челюстной области. Изменения возрастно увеличиваются и сопровождаются деформацией лицевой области черепа наряду с эстетическими отклонениями.У больных часто наблюдаются нарушения положения позвоночника,функциональные изменения в системе малого кровообращения и задержка психосомтического развития.Это говорит о ранних нарушениях профилактики и несвоевременном оказании ортодонтической,зубопротезной и комплексной медицинской помощи.В связи с этим важную роль играет эпидемиологическая ситуация по зубной аномалии. исполняют информацию. Диагноз дистальной окклюзии называется боковым сегментом верхнего зубного ряда, расположенным перед боковым сегментом нижнего зубного ряда и появлением между ними дистальной стадии. Лечение и прогноз дистальной окклюзии зубного ряда зависит от возраста больного и характера аномалии [1] The article is devoted to the study of the prevalence of dentition anomalies, including distal occlusion among children and adolescents of school age. Currently, dental anomalies, including distal bite, are widespread among children and adolescents. Dental anomalies lead to functional pathology of morphological disorders of the maxillary region. The changes increase with age and are accompanied by deformation of the facial region of the skull along with aesthetic deviations. Patients often have disorders of the spine position, functional changes in the small blood circulation system and delayed psychosomal development.It tells about the early breaches of the prevention of and untimely provision of orthodontic, prosthodontic and comprehensive medical care.In this regard, an important role is played by the epidemiological situation of dental anomalies. execute information. The diagnosis of distal occlusion is called the lateral segment of the upper dentition, located in front of the lateral segment of the lower dentition and the appearance of the distal stage between them. Treatment and prognosis of distal occlusion of the dentition depends on the patient's age and the nature of the anomalies [1].

Influences of the Compliances and the Resistance on Pulsatile Flow Waveforms

2013 ◽  
Vol 477-478 ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Wen Bo He ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Xiao Yan Gong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Aortic Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Circulation System ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Pulsatile Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Flow Waveforms ◽  
Peak Value

A pulsatile circulation system has been built to simulate aortic blood flow. The system has both upstream and downstream compliances and resistances to simulate the elasticity and resistances of blood circulation system. Influences of the compliances and resistances on the pulsatile pressure waveforms have been systematically studied using this system. We found that in absence of the compliances and the downstream resistance, it results in an oversize negative pulsation to the pressure waveforms. The downstream resistance hardly affects the structure of the pressure waveforms, whereas the mean amplitude of pressure increases along with the downstream resistance. The compliance can reduce the peak value of the pressure, which is unrelated to the location of the compliance but related to the elasticity in the system. With fixed upstream system elasticity, the pressure waveform is more stable.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE HEMODYNAMICS IN THE MICROVASCULATURE OF THE BLOOD CIRCULATION SYSTEM

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
I. D. Voitovych ◽  
Yu. O. Brayko ◽  
V. I. Degtjaruk ◽  
R. G. Imamutdinova ◽  
Yu. D. Minov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Blood Circulation System

Descartes’ Man Under Construction: The Circulatory Statue of Salomon Reisel, 1680

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-134
Author(s):  
Mattia Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Blood Circulation System ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Circulation Of The Blood ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Scientific Academies

Abstract This paper studies the “human circulatory statues” which Salomon Reisel designed in the 1670s in order to demonstrate the circulation of the blood and its effect on the brain. It investigates how Reisel intended this project to promote Descartes’ philosophy, and how it relates to contemporary diagrammatic schematizations of the blood circulation system. It further explores Reisel’s claims concerning the epistemological and practical advantages of working with a three-dimensional model and argues that Reisel intended his statua to address the concerns of his fellow physicians and, more specifically, to help in diagnostics. I consider the background, strategy and legacy of the essays in which Reisel presented his devices, as well as their relevance to the general project of the scien­tific journal – one of the earliest – in which they appeared, the Miscellanea Curiosa. Reisel was a leading physician who acted throughout his life as a mediator between the Royal Society and the Academia Naturæ Curiosorum. His articles, the paper argues, have much to tell us much about the role played by the recently established scientific academies and their journals in shaping the transmission of early modern science and medicine, in terms both of theories and of the knowledge embodied in scientific instruments.

Cerebral Circulation Network Modeling and Averaging Pathological Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 40-41 ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Xue Sui ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Yun An Hu ◽  
Zhi Lin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Blood Circulation System ◽  
Flow Change ◽  
Venous Diseases ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Circuit Graph

Based on the periodically forced dynamic qualities of the blood circulation system, this paper considered from network and hemodynamics, establishes plane structure diagram of the cerebral circulation. According to the electric circuit graph theory and blood dynamics equation, applies the averaging method to find an approximate solution of this equation. We apply this method in the cerebrovascular network that may help to explain the development processes of venous diseases. Simulation shows that computing result is consistent with blood flow change phenomenon of the clinical observation cerebral infarction.

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