scholarly journals Immunization with a Single Dose of a Microencapsulated Brucella melitensis Mutant Enhances Protection against Wild-Type Challenge

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 2448-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Arenas-Gamboa ◽  
Thomas A. Ficht ◽  
Melissa M. Kahl-McDonagh ◽  
Allison C. Rice-Ficht
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
Vaccine Candidates

ABSTRACT The development of safe and efficacious immunization systems to prevent brucellosis is needed to overcome the disadvantages of the currently licensed vaccine strains that restrict their use in humans. Alginate microspheres coated with a protein of the parasite Fasciola hepatica (vitelline protein B [VpB]) and containing live Brucella melitensis attenuated mutant vjbR::Tn5 (BMEII1116) were evaluated for vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity in mice. A single immunization dose in BALB/c mice with the encapsulated vjbR mutant improved protection against wild-type B. melitensis 16M challenge compared to the nonencapsulated vaccine strain (P < 0.05). The encapsulated mutant was also shown to induce a sustained elevation of Immunoglobulin G levels. Cytokine secretion from spleen cells of mice vaccinated with the encapsulated vjbR::Tn5 revealed elevated secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-12, but no interleukin-4, suggesting an induction of a T helper 1 response reflecting the enhanced immunity associated with microencapsulation. Together, these results suggest that microencapsulation of live attenuated organisms offers the ability to increase the efficacy of vaccine candidates.

scholarly journals High Levels of Susceptibility and T Helper 2 Response in MyD88-Deficient Mice Infected with Leishmania major Are Interleukin-4 Dependent

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 7215-7218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Debus ◽  
Joachim Gläsner ◽  
Martin Röllinghoff ◽  
André Gessner
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT Myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) is a general adaptor for the signaling cascade through receptors of the Toll/IL-1R family. When infected with Leishmania major parasites, MyD88-deficient mice displayed a dramatically enhanced parasite burden in their tissues similar to that found in susceptible BALB/c mice. In contrast, MyD88 knockout mice did not develop ulcerating lesions despite a lack of interleukin-12 (IL-12) production and a predominant T helper 2 cell response. Blockade of IL-4 produced early (day 1) after infection restored a protective T helper 1 response in MyD88 knockout mice.

scholarly journals Role of beta1 and beta2 subunits of the interleukin-12 receptor in determining T helper 1/T helper 2 responses in vivo in the rat

Immunology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Gillespie ◽  
C.-C. Szeto ◽  
V. M. Betin ◽  
P. W. Mathieson
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
T Helper 2

BCG (Bacille Calmette–Guérin) HspCs (heat-shock protein–peptide complexes) induce T-helper 1 responses and protect against live challenge in a murine aerosol challenge model of pulmonary tuberculosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A.L.S. Colaco ◽  
C.R. Bailey ◽  
J. Keeble ◽  
K.B. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Peptide Complexes ◽  
Further Development

The need for an effective TB (tuberculosis) vaccine remains acute, with tuberculosis still one of the major killers worldwide and 3 million new infections annually. We report here on the immune responses elicited by HspCs (heat-shock protein–peptide complexes) isolated from BCG (Bacille Calmette–Guérin) vaccine. These HspCs elicit both the appropriate cellular and protective immune responses required to merit their further development as TB vaccine candidates.

scholarly journals Interleukin-4 supports interleukin-12-induced proliferation and interferon-γ secretion in human activated lymphoblasts and T helper type 1 cells

Immunology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Kriegel ◽  
Theresa Tretter ◽  
Norbert Blank ◽  
Martin Schiller ◽  
Christoph Gabler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Helper Type

scholarly journals Jinkui Shenqi Pills Ameliorate Asthma with “Kidney Yang Deficiency” by Enhancing the Function of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis to Regulate T Helper 1/2 Imbalance

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Ji ◽  
Yuan-yuan Li ◽  
Wei-ji Yang ◽  
Li-zong Zhang ◽  
Ming-sun Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Kidney Yang Deficiency ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of JKSQP in a rat model of asthma with kidney-yang deficiency (KYD). Materials and Methods. Hydrocortisone (HYD) was used to establish the rat model of KYD; rats were then sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). JKSQP was administered to OVA-challenged rats, and the changes in signs and symptoms of KYD were observed. The leukocyte number and subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted and the cells were stained with Wright–Giemsa dye. Serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), total immunoglobulin E (IgE), and OVA-specific IgE levels were determined using relevant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) kits. Results. JKSQP not only reversed the phenomenon of KYD but also significantly inhibited the number of leukocyte and eosinophils in the BALF, increasing the level of interferon (IFN)-γ and decreasing the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IgE in the serum compared with the OVA-challenged groups. Conclusions. Taken together, the antiasthma effects of JKSQP were likely mediated by the enhancement of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the reversal of T helper 1/2 imbalance.

scholarly journals Limited role of CD28-mediated signals in T helper subset differentiation.

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Brown ◽  
J M Green ◽  
N H Moskowitz ◽  
M Davis ◽  
C B Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell Differentiation ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Costimulatory Signals ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

The role of CD28-mediated signals in T helper cell maturation is not fully understood. We tested the requirement for costimulation through CD28 in several systems of CD4+, T cell differentiation. In vivo priming of mice with genetic disruption of CD28 (CD28-/-) yielded normal levels of antigen-specific interferon gamma production but markedly diminished levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) after in vitro restimulation. In response to the pathogenic microbe, Leishman a major, C57BL6 CD28-/- mice were fully capable of controlling infection and exhibited a normal T helper 1 response. BALB/c CD28-/- mice unexpectedly exhibited normal susceptibility to L. major. BALB/c CD28-/- mice developed high levels of IL-4 mRNA and protein induction in the draining lymph nodes. In addition, susceptibility of BALB/c CD28-/- mice was reversed by neutralization of IL-4 in vivo. We also activated transgenic CD28-bearing T cells from the BALB and C57BL background in vitro in the presence of CTLA4Ig. BALB cells had greater IL-4 producing capacity than C57BL cells in the absence of costimulation. Diverse factors including costimulatory signals, genetic polymorphism, and the nature of the immunogen all influence T helper phenotype commitment, but these results provide evidence that CD28 is not an absolute requirement for generating either Th1 or Th2 responses.

scholarly journals Comparison of interleukin 4 levels in leprosy and non-leprosy patients at Dr. Muhammad Hoesen Palembang General Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fardiah Tilawati Sitanggang ◽  
Eddy Mart Salim ◽  
Zen Hafy ◽  
Fifa Argentina ◽  
Nova Kurniati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
P Value ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
Clinical Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by the mycobacterium leprae which injure the skin and peripheral nervous system. The spectrum and clinical type of leprosy are based on cellular immunity responses namely T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2). This study aims to compare serum IL-4 levels between lepers and non-lepers in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang General Hospital. This research is an observational analytic study with a case-control design conducted at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang General Hospital. IL-4 examination is carried out using the ELISA method at the Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University in January to February 2019. The case and control groups were 40 lepers and 40 medical personnel and paramedics working in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang General Hospital and family patients. The study included IL-4 levels, respondent status, clinical type of leprosy, and characteristics of respondents. In the leprosy group, the average age is 35 years, and most of them are male (27). In the non-leprosy group, the average age is 36.5 years, and most of them are female (24). There are more MB patients (36) than PB type (4) while type BL (19), type LL (10) type BB (7) and type BT and BB (2). The median value of IL-4 levels in leprosy patients is 209.63 pg/ml range from 103-243 pg/ml while the median value of IL-4 levels in non-leprosy patients is 63.38 pg/ml range from 32-125 pg/ml. Mann-Whitney analysis results show a p-value of 0.000. There is a significant difference between Interleukin 4 levels in lepers and non-lepers where IL-4 levels are higher in lepers than non-lepers.

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