scholarly journals Characterization of the adherence properties of Streptococcus salivarius

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H Weerkamp ◽  
B C McBride
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Streptococcus Salivarius ◽  
Streptococcus Group ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells

The adherence and aggregation properties of 46 human oral Streptococcus salivarius isolates were examined. A total of 41% of the isolates aggregated with whole human saliva, 50% aggregated with human erythrocytes, and 85% adhered to human buccal epithelial cells. Strains that aggregated with saliva and erythrocytes usually reacted with Streptococcus group K typing serum whereas the non-hemagglutinating strains did not. K+ strains also adhered more strongly to human buccal epithelial cells than K- strains. All isolates coaggregated with Fusobacterium nucleatum LF and Bacteroides asaccharolyticus 2D, 91% coaggregated with Veillonella alcalescens V1, and 50% coaggregated with Veillonella parvula V4. S. salivarius HB aggregated with saliva from 15 different human donors and aggregated with human erythrocytes irrespective of the blood group. This strain only weakly aggregated with rat saliva or rat erythrocytes. We isolated mutants which concomitantly lost the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes, aggregate with saliva, and bind to buccal epithelial cells, but retained their interbacterial aggregation properties. A second class of mutants lost the ability to coaggregate with Veillonella, but these mutants retained all of the other aggregation properties. Treatment of S. salivarius HB cells with pronase or subtilisin destroyed their ability to aggregate with saliva and erythrocytes and to bind to buccal epithelial cells. The unique characteristics of the aggregation and adherence reactions were suggested by differences in the rate of loss of activity during protease treatment and in the response to chemical modification. The presence of saliva did not affect hemagglutination and adherence to buccal epithelial cells. Binding of the salivary aggregating factor to the bacteria could be distinguished from aggregation on the basis that the latter required divalent cations. The factor involved in coaggregation with F. nucleatum LF was physicochemically different from the other factors, since it was resistant to heat and to extraction with trichloroacetic acid, aqueous phenol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and formamide, but was sensitive to proteases and was present in both classes of mutants. Coaggregation with V. alcalescens was not sensitive to proteases. A variety of mono- and disaccharides had no influence on any of the reactions tested.

Streptococci Dominate the Diverse Flora within Buccal Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1165-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Rudney ◽  
R. Chen ◽  
G. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Granulicatella Adiacens ◽  
Species Specific

Previously, we reported that intracellular Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythensis were present within buccal epithelial cells from human subjects, as lesser components of a polymicrobial flora. In this study, we further characterized that intracellular flora by using the same double-labeling techniques to identify Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, oral Campylobacter species, Eikenella corrodens, Treponema denticola, Gemella haemolysans, Granulicatella adiacens, and total streptococci within buccal epithelial cells. All those species were found within buccal cells. In every case, species recognized by green-labeled species-specific probes were accompanied by other bacteria recognized only by a red-labeled universal probe. Streptococci appeared to be a major component of the polymicrobial intracellular flora, being present at a level from one to two logs greater than the next most common species ( G. adiacens). This is similar to what is observed in oral biofilms, where diverse species interact in complex communities that often are dominated by streptococci.

Adherence and Hemagglutination of Mammalian Cells by Epidemiologically Distinct Strains of Vibrio vulnificus

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 783-785
Author(s):  
A. L. REYES ◽  
B. K. BOUTIN ◽  
J. T. PEELER ◽  
R. M. TWEDT
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Buccal Cell ◽  
Cell Adherence ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells

Thirty-eight strains of Vibrio vulnificus were examined for their ability to adhere to human buccal epithelial cells and to hemagglutinate mammalian erythrocytes. Clinical isolates showed significantly greater mean adherence than environmental strains. The ability to hemagglutinate human erythrocytes was closely associated with vigorous buccal cell adherence.

Evaluating Hemolytic and Photo Hemolytic Potential of Organophosphorus by In Vitro Method as an Alternative Tool Using Human Erythrocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 738-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L.G. Soria ◽  
Fabiola R. Ramirez ◽  
Alberto B. Pliego ◽  
Héctor R.D. Guadarrama ◽  
Guadalupe P.M. Farrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Other Hand

Aims: The present study aims to determine the phototoxic and haemolytic activity of organophosphorus. The use of alternative in vitro assays with human erythrocytes is suggested to predict the polluting effect of these products on health. Methodology: Human erythrocytes from Toluca Blood Bank were used. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was employed as a positive control. Additionally, the haemolysis percentage of three organophosphate (Acetate, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Methamidophos, Methyl Parathion) induced photo haemolysis formulated with surfactants on a concentration of 2 x 109 erythrocytes were evaluated. Finally, the products were classified as irritant or phototoxic. Results: Results showed that the HC50 red blood cells were similar for each organophosphate (Malathion and Methamidophos) indicating very irritant action with ratio classification (L/D) of 0.041 and 0.053, respectively. On the other hand, Chlorpyrifos was classified as an irritant with L/D= 0.14. On the other hand, the HC50 obtained photo hemolysis assays irradiated red blood cells was similar for each organophosphate (Acetate, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Methamidophos, Methyl Parathion) indicating no phototoxic action. Conclusion: As a conclusion, it can be said that the parameters of haemolysis and denaturation of proteins are good indicators to classify organophosphorus formulated with surfactants as irritating or phototoxic.

Tonsillar Inflammation, a Rare Cause of Bradycardia and Hypotension

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
The Other ◽  
Streptococcus Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group A

Tonsillitis is a frequently encountered pathology in the outpatient setting, usually caused by viruses [1]. When bacterial, the most common causatory microbe is streptococcus group A [1]. Tonsillar and peritonsillar abscess (PTA) on the other hand are never viral, and are usually caused by streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus melleri, fusobacterium necrophorum and staphylococci [1,2]. The overall incidence of PTA is suggested to be 37/100,000 patients, with the highest incidence between ages 14-21 at 124/100,000 [3].

THE MOLECULAR ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN ALPHA 2-MACROGLOBULIN. AN IMMUNO ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Delain ◽  
M Barrav ◽  
J Tapon-Bretaudière ◽  
F Pochon ◽  
F Van Leuven
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Cellular Receptor ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Microscopic Method ◽  
Bait Region ◽  
Electron Microscopic Method

Electron microscopy is a very convenient method to localize the epitopes of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) at the surface of macromolecules for studying their tree-dimensional organization.We applied this immuno-electron microscopic method to human ct2-macroglobulin (ct2M). 29 anti-α2M mAbs have been tested with the four different forms of a2M : native and chymotrypsin-transformed tetramers, and the corresponding dimers, obtained by dissociation with divalent cations. These mAbs can be classified in three types : those which are specific for 1) the H-like transformed molecules, 2) the native molecules, and 3) those which can react with both forms of α2M.1) Among the H-like α2M specific mAbs, several react with the 20 kD-domain which is recognized by the cellular receptor of transformed a2M. This domain is located at the carboxyterminal end of each monomer. One IgG binds to the end of two adjacent tips of the H-like form.The other mAbs of this type bind to the α2M tips at non-terminal positions. Intermolecular connections built polymers of alternating α2M and IgG molecules.2) Among the native a2M-specific mAbs some are able to inhibit the protease-induced transformation of the native α2M. The binding sites of these mAbs are demonstrated on the native half-molecules. One of these mAbs was also able to react with transformed dimers, in a region corresponding very likely to an inaccessible epitope in the tetrameric transformed α2M molecule.3) Among the mAbs of this type, only two were able to inhibit the protease-induced transformation of α2M. Obviously, their epitopes should be close to the bait region of α2M. The other mAbs reacting with both α2M forms did not inhibit the α2M transformation.All these mAbs can be distinguished by the structure of the immune complexes formed with all forms of α2M. The epitopes are more easily located on the dimers and on the H-like transformed α2M than on the native molecules.From these observations, we propose a new model of the tree-dimensional organization of the human α2M in its native and transformed configurations, and of its protease-induced transformation.

In vitro and in vivo pathologic effects of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on human epithelial cells

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Merrell ◽  
R. I. Walker ◽  
S. W. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Cytotoxic Factor ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Vibrio Parahemolyticus ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Culture Supernate

The initial interaction and adherence of Vibrio parahemolyticus to epithelial tissue culture cells, human buccal epithelial cells, and the ileal mucosa of mice were studied. Using scanning electron microscopy, adherent bacteria were observed only on degenerating human embryonic intestinal, HeLa, and buccal cells; healthy normal cells were devoid of bacteria. Sheared V. parahaemolyticus, i.e., lacking flagella, did not adhere to either normal or degenerating tissue cells. Neither ultraviolet-inactivated organisms nor cell-free culture supernate affected the epithelial cells. Similar findings were observed on the mucosa of the ileum in mice inoculated with V. parahaemolyticus. It appears that V. parahaemolyticus possesses a cytotoxic factor which alters epithelial cells. This factor appears to be closely associated with viable organisms and may be a functional element in the adherence process of flagellated V. parahaemolyticus to mammalian epithelial cells.

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