Afa, a Diffuse Adherence Fibrillar Adhesin Associated with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT O55 is one of the most frequent enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) O serogroups implicated in infantile diarrhea in developing countries. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis showed that this serogroup includes two major electrophoretic types (ET), designated ET1 and ET5. ET1 corresponds to typical EPEC, whilst ET5 comprises strains with different combinations of virulence genes, including those for localized adherence (LA) and diffuse adherence (DA). Here we report that ET5 DA strains possess a DA adhesin, designated EPEC Afa. An 11.6-kb chromosomal region including the DA adhesin operon from one O55:H− ET5 EPEC strain was sequenced and found to encode a protein with 98% identity to AfaE-1, an adhesin associated with uropathogenic E. coli. Although described as an afimbrial adhesin, we show that both AfaE-1 and EPEC Afa possess fine fibrillar structures. This is the first characterization and demonstration of an Afa adhesin associated with EPEC.

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Genetic Diversity among Escherichia coliIsolates Carrying f18 Genes from Pigs with Porcine Postweaning Diarrhea and Edema Disease

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.37.5.1642-1645.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 1642-1645 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Béla Nagy ◽

Richard A. Wilson ◽

Thomas S. Whittam

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Dna Hybridization ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Allelic Variation ◽

Genomic Diversity ◽

Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽

Edema Disease ◽

E Coli ◽

Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽

Postweaning Diarrhea

Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was applied to detect allelic variation and multilocus genotypes (electrophoretic types [ETs]) among 43 Escherichia coli isolates from weaned pigs suffering from edema disease or from diarrhea. ETs were analyzed in relation to O serogroups and virulence genes (sta,stb, lt, stx 2, andf18) by DNA hybridization. Genomic diversity was the lowest in serogroup O138, while virulence genes (stx 2and f18) were the most uniform in serogroup O139. In general, the serogroups or toxin and F18 fimbria types were not related to selected ETs, suggesting that the toxin and f18 fimbria genes in E. coli isolates from pigs with postweaning diarrhea or edema disease occur in a variety of chromosomal backgrounds.

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Molecular and phenotypic typing of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated in childhood acute diarrhea in Abuja, Nigeria

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.9338 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (07) ◽

pp. 527-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Casmir Ifeanyichukwu Cajetan Ifeanyi ◽

Nkiruka Florence Ikeneche ◽

Bassey Enya Bassey ◽

Stefano Morabito ◽

Caterina Graziani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Typical Epec ◽

Marked Resistance

Introduction: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) causes infectious diarrhea among children in developing countries. However, in Nigeria, due to limited laboratory resources, the genetic diversity of its virulence factors, which include intimin subtypes, remains undefined. Methodology: EPEC isolates from diarrheic children 60 months of age and younger in Abuja, Nigeria, were analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for EPEC virulence gene, Hep-2 cell adherence, and serotyping were performed. EPEC strains were further subtyped by PCR for the identification of intimin subtype genes α (alpha), β (beta), γ1 (gamma-1), and έ (epsilon). Antibiotic resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was determined by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: Overall, 18 (4.5%) out of 400 children with acute diarrhea had EPEC infection. Typical EPEC (tEPEC) strains were detected in 14 (3.5%), whereas 4 (1.1%) were atypical EPEC (aEPEC). A total of 15 (83.3%) of the EPEC isolated belonged to β intimin subtype gene, while the remaining 3 EPEC isolates possessed the intimin έ subtype. No α and γ intimin subtypes were detected. Traditional EPEC serotypes O114:H14 were detected only in tEPEC strains. Marked resistance to β-lactam agents were observed but no ESBL-producing tEPEC or aEPEC was detected. Conclusions: This is the first report of intimin subtype genes in Abuja, Nigeria. EPEC isolates of diverse serotypes resistant to β-lactam antimicrobial agents were observed. These data will be useful in facilitating the characterization of intimin variants of EPEC and some Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) in humans and other animal species.

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Characterization of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains of the classical O55 serogroup by RAPD analysis

Revista de Microbiologia ◽

10.1590/s0001-37141999000400013 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 365-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dennys M. Girão ◽

Sílvia Y. Bando ◽

Valéria Brígido de C. Girão ◽

Carlos A. Moreira-Filho ◽

Sérgio Eduardo L. Fracalanzza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Rapd Analysis ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

E Coli ◽

Typical Epec ◽

Rapd Method ◽

Atypical Strains

The genetic diversity of 41 typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains of the serogroup O55 was analyzed by using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. All typical EPEC O55 strains were grouped in two clusters (A and C) and belonged to the serotype O55:H6, while cluster B included all atypical strains, which were of the serotype O55:H7. The three groups also included non-motile strains. RAPD may be a useful method for epidemiological studies on E. coli O55 infection.

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Detection of eae, bfpA, espA Genes on Diarrhoeagenic Strains of Escherichia coli Isolates

Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.22146/ijbiotech.7563 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Agnes Sri Harti ◽

Susi Iravati ◽

Widya Asmara

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Protein A ◽

Dna Probes ◽

Hybridization Technique ◽

Secreted Protein ◽

Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

E Coli ◽

Typical Epec ◽

Dna Fragment

The Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is one of pathogenic strain of diarrheagenic E. coli group in children andinfant that occurs in developing countries. The significant virulence factors in pathogenic EPEC are eaeA (E. coli attachingeffacing), bfpA (bundle-forming pilus A) and espA (encoding secreted protein A) genes. The use of DNA probes to detect thevirulence genes in E. coli in Indonesia is not common yet. In this experiment the gene fragments of eae, bfpA, and espA were usedas probes to detect the EPEC among E. coli isolates from stool specimensin of diarrheic children attending Public Health Centersin Yogyakarta. The DNA samples were isolated from 49 diarrheagenic E. coli isolates. The DNA probes of eae, bfpA and espAwere obtained by amplification of DNA fragment of EPEC O126 using PCR technique. Furthermore, those probes were used toidentify the presence of those genes among E. coli isolates using hybridization technique. The results showed that 42 (85.7%)isolates were espA+, 25 isolates (51%) were eaeA+ (EPEC strains). Therefore among 25 isolates of EPEC, 20 isolates (80 %)among EPEC were bfpA+ (typical EPEC strains).Keywords : DNA probe, eae, bfpA, espA, EPEC.

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Molecular detection of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in asymptomatic captive psittacines

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2012000900017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 922-926 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

André Becker Saidenberg ◽

Rodrigo Hidalgo F. Teixeira ◽

Neiva Maria R. Guedes ◽

Mariangela da Costa Allgayer ◽

Priscilla Anne Melville ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Endangered Species ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

E Coli ◽

Three Samples ◽

In Captivity ◽

Typical Epec ◽

Conservation Of Endangered Species

Psittaciformes are one of the most endangered groups of birds, and several Brazilian species are classified between vulnerable and critically endangered. It is thus necessary to identify agents that cause infections in captive wild animals and to assess the risks posed thereof and to design interventions to minimize the possibility of disease outbreaks, leading to the conservation of endangered species. The purpose of this study was to identify enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) cloacal isolates from asymptomatic psittacines in captivity and evaluate the distribution of the EPEC pathotype. Cloacal swabs were obtained from 46 asymptomatic birds, and resulting isolates were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the attaching and effacing gene (eae) and bundle-forming pilus structural gene (bfpA) of EPEC. Samples from several species were tested, and three samples were found to be positive for the eae and bfpA genes and characterized as typical EPEC. This is the first report of this pathotype in asymptomatic psittacines. Although certain E. coli strains are more pathogenic than others, various factors should be considered when determining the potential of E. coli isolates to cause disease in captive psittacines. Birds that are positive for the EPEC (typical) strain could be zoonotic sources of infection, and may have acquired these strains through contact with humans or domestic animals. These findings may also be valuable for the long-term management of endangered species ex situ as one EPEC sample was isolated from a Red-tailed Amazon (Amazona brasiliensis).

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Genetic relatedness of a non-motile variant O157 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strain and E. coli strains belonging to pathogenic related groups

Microbiological Research ◽

10.1016/j.micres.2006.05.008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 163 (2) ◽

pp. 225-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A.H. Regua-Mangia ◽

J.R. C. Andrade ◽

A.G. M. Gonzalez ◽

V. Zahner ◽

A.M. F. Cerqueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Epec Strain ◽

E Coli

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Identification of Potentially Diarrheagenic Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Present in Canadian Food Animals at Slaughter and in Retail Meats

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00182-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 79 (12) ◽

pp. 3892-3896 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Raven Comery ◽

Ajitha Thanabalasuriar ◽

Philippe Garneau ◽

Andrea Portt ◽

Patrick Boerlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Tight Junctions ◽

Food Supply ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Lesion Formation ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Food Animal ◽

Retail Meats

ABSTRACTThis study identified and characterized enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) in the Canadian food supply. Eighteen of 450E. coliisolates from food animal sources were identified as atypical EPEC (aEPEC). Several of the aEPEC isolates identified in this study possessed multiple virulence genes, exhibited adherence and attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion formation, disrupted tight junctions, and were coclassified with the extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli(ExPEC) and enterotoxigenicE. coli(ETEC) pathotypes.

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Molecular Evolution of Typical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: Clonal Analysis by Multilocus Sequence Typing and Virulence Gene Allelic Profiling

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.01472-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 189 (2) ◽

pp. 342-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

David W. Lacher ◽

Hans Steinsland ◽

T. Eric Blank ◽

Michael S. Donnenberg ◽

Thomas S. Whittam

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Allelic Variation ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Rflp Analysis ◽

Infantile Diarrhea ◽

E Coli ◽

Typical Epec ◽

Enterocyte Effacement

ABSTRACT Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infections are a leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing nations. Typical EPEC isolates are differentiated from other types of pathogenic E. coli by two distinctive phenotypes, attaching effacement and localized adherence. The genes specifying these phenotypes are found on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) and the EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid. To describe how typical EPEC has evolved, we characterized a diverse collection of strains by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and performed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of three virulence genes (eae, bfpA, and perA) to assess allelic variation. Among 129 strains representing 20 O-serogroups, 21 clonal genotypes were identified using MLST. RFLP analysis resolved nine eae, nine bfpA, and four perA alleles. Each bfpA allele was associated with only one perA allele class, suggesting that recombination has not played a large role in shuffling the bfpA and perA loci between separate EAF plasmids. The distribution of eae alleles among typical EPEC strains is more concordant with the clonal relationships than the distribution of the EAF plasmid types. These results provide further support for the hypothesis that the EPEC pathotype has evolved multiple times within E. coli through separate acquisitions of the LEE island and EAF plasmid.

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A Localized Adherence-Like Pattern as a Second Pattern of Adherence of Classic Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 Cells That Is Associated with Infantile Diarrhea

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.67.7.3410-3415.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

pp. 3410-3415 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Isabel C. A. Scaletsky ◽

Margareth Z. Pedroso ◽

Carlos A. G. Oliva ◽

Rozane L. B. Carvalho ◽

Mauro B. Morais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Secretory Diarrhea ◽

Persistent Diarrhea ◽

Infantile Diarrhea ◽

E Coli ◽

Typical Epec ◽

Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli strains that cause nonbloody diarrhea in infants are known to present three distinct patterns of adherence to epithelial cells, namely, localized (LA), diffuse (DA), and aggregative (AA) adherence. Strains with LA (typical EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli [EPEC]) are well recognized as a cause of secretory diarrhea, but the role of strains with DA (DAEC) is controversial, and strains with AA (EAEC) have been more frequently related to persistent diarrhea whereas its relationship with acute diarrhea is not well defined. To determine the relationship of the different types of E. coli adherence patterns with acute diarrhea (lasting less than 14 days) and persistent diarrhea (lasting more than 14 days) in São Paulo, Brazil, we studied stool specimens from 40 infants under 1 year of age with diarrhea and 40 age-matched control infants without any gastrointestinal symptoms. Twenty-eight (35.0%) of eighty cases yielded adherent E. coli (HEp-2 cells). Strains with localized and aggregative adherence were associated with acute and persistent diarrhea. A total of 11.2% of the adherent strains were typical EPEC serotypes and hybridized with the enteroadherence factor probe; 5.0% were EAEC and hybridized with the EAEC probe. DAEC strains were isolated from 10.0% of patients and 7.5% of controls and did not hybridize with the two probes used (daaC and AIDA-I). Strains with a localized adherence-like pattern (atypical EPEC) were found significantly more frequently (P = 0.028) in cultures from children with diarrhea (17.5%) than in controls (2.5%).

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Presence of β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and Salmonella Isolates in Marine Mammals

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115905 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5905

Author(s):

Olivia M. Grünzweil ◽

Lauren Palmer ◽

Adriana Cabal ◽

Michael P. Szostak ◽

Werner Ruppitsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Marine Mammals ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Whole Genome ◽

E Coli ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Lactamase Gene ◽

Sequence Types

Marine mammals have been described as sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (i) the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, which comprise several bacterial families important to the healthcare sector, as well as (ii) the presence of Salmonella in these coastal animals. The antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes, as well as biocide susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolated from stranded marine mammals, were determined prior to their rehabilitation. All E. coli isolates (n = 27) were screened for virulence genes via DNA-based microarray, and twelve selected E. coli isolates were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one percent of the Enterobacterales isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pheno- and genotype. The gene blaCMY (n = 51) was the predominant β-lactamase gene. In addition, blaTEM-1 (n = 38), blaSHV-33 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 7), blaOXA-1 (n = 7), blaSHV-11 (n = 3), and blaDHA-1 (n = 2) were detected. The most prevalent non-β-lactamase genes were sul2 (n = 38), strA (n = 34), strB (n = 34), and tet(A) (n = 34). Escherichia coli isolates belonging to the pandemic sequence types (STs) ST38, ST167, and ST648 were identified. Among Salmonella isolates (n = 18), S. Havana was the most prevalent serotype. The present study revealed a high prevalence of MDR bacteria and the presence of pandemic high-risk clones, both of which are indicators of anthropogenic antimicrobial pollution, in marine mammals.

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