scholarly journals Cell Envelope Stress Response in Bacillus licheniformis: Integrating Comparative Genomics, Transcriptional Profiling, and Regulon Mining To Decipher a Complex Regulatory Network

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (21) ◽  
pp. 7500-7511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Wecke ◽  
Birgit Veith ◽  
Armin Ehrenreich ◽  
Thorsten Mascher
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Envelope Stress ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Σ Factor ◽  
Two Component Systems

ABSTRACT The envelope is an essential structure of the bacterial cell, and maintaining its integrity is a prerequisite for survival. To ensure proper function, transmembrane signal-transducing systems, such as two-component systems (TCS) and extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors, closely monitor its condition and respond to harmful perturbations. Both systems consist of a transmembrane sensor protein (histidine kinase or anti-σ factor, respectively) and a corresponding cytoplasmic transcriptional regulator (response regulator or σ factor, respectively) that mediates the cellular response through differential gene expression. The regulatory network of the cell envelope stress response is well studied in the gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. It consists of at least two ECF σ factors and four two-component systems. In this study, we describe the corresponding network in a close relative, Bacillus licheniformis. Based on sequence homology, domain architecture, and genomic context, we identified five TCS and eight ECF σ factors as potential candidate regulatory systems mediating cell envelope stress response in this organism. We characterized the corresponding regulatory network by comparative transcriptomics and regulon mining as an initial screening tool. Subsequent in-depth transcriptional profiling was applied to define the inducer specificity of each identified cell envelope stress sensor. A total of three TCS and seven ECF σ factors were shown to be induced by cell envelope stress in B. licheniformis. We noted a number of significant differences, indicative of a regulatory divergence between the two Bacillus species, in addition to the expected overlap in the respective responses.

scholarly journals Vancomycin Stress Response in a Sensitive and a Tolerant Strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (23) ◽  
pp. 8205-8210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Haas ◽  
Deepak Kaushal ◽  
Jack Sublett ◽  
Caroline Obert ◽  
Elaine I. Tuomanen
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Tolerant Strain ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Two Component Systems

ABSTRACT The vancomycin stress response was studied in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains T4 (TIGR4) and Tupelo. Vancomycin affected the expression of 175 genes, including genes encoding transport functions and enzymes involved in aminosugar metabolism. The two-component systems TCS03, TCS11, and CiaRH also responded to antibiotic treatment. We hypothesize that the three regulons are an important part of the bacterium's response to vancomycin stress.

scholarly journals Characterization of the CpxRA Regulon in Haemophilus ducreyi

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 4779-4791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Labandeira-Rey ◽  
Chad A. Brautigam ◽  
Eric J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Envelope Stress ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT The H aemophilus ducreyi 35000HP genome encodes a homolog of the CpxRA two-component cell envelope stress response system originally characterized in E scherichia coli. CpxR, the cytoplasmic response regulator, was shown previously to be involved in repression of the expression of the lspB-lspA2 operon (M. Labandeira-Rey, J. R. Mock, and E. J. Hansen, Infect. Immun. 77:3402-3411, 2009). In the present study, the H. ducreyi CpxR and CpxA proteins were shown to closely resemble those of other well-studied bacterial species. A cpxA deletion mutant and a CpxR-overexpressing strain were used to explore the extent of the CpxRA regulon. DNA microarray and real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR analyses indicated several potential regulatory targets for the H. ducreyi CpxRA two-component regulatory system. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were used to prove that H. ducreyi CpxR interacted with the promoter regions of genes encoding both known and putative virulence factors of H. ducreyi, including the lspB-lspA2 operon, the flp operon, and dsrA. Interestingly, the use of EMSAs also indicated that H. ducreyi CpxR did not bind to the promoter regions of several genes predicted to encode factors involved in the cell envelope stress response. Taken together, these data suggest that the CpxRA system in H. ducreyi, in contrast to that in E. coli, may be involved primarily in controlling expression of genes not involved in the cell envelope stress response.

scholarly journals The BceABRS Four-Component System Regulates the Bacitracin-Induced Cell Envelope Stress Response in Streptococcus mutans

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 3895-3906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ouyang ◽  
Xiao-Lin Tian ◽  
Jennifer Versey ◽  
Alexander Wishart ◽  
Yung-Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Component System ◽  
Envelope Stress ◽  
Two Component

ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans is known to be resistant to bacitracin, a cyclic polypeptide antibiotic produced by certain species of the genus Bacillus. This property is often exploited in the isolation of S. mutans strains from highly heterogeneous oral microflora. A genetic locus consisting of a four-gene operon, bceABRS (formerly mbrABCD), the component genes of which are homologous to Bacillus subtilis bceRS-bceAB (encoding a two-component system and an ABC transporter), is required for bacitracin resistance in S. mutans. Here we describe the identification of a DNA binding site for the BceR response regulator and its transcriptional control of the bceABRS operon in response to the presence of bacitracin. We provide evidence indicating that phosphorylated BceR binds directly to a conserved invert repeat located between bp −120 and −78 of the bceABRS promoter region and positively regulates expression of the bceABRS operon. We also demonstrate that sensing of bacitracin by the BceS histidine kinase requires the presence of an intact BceAB transporter, since deletion of either bceA or bceB abolishes BceRS-mediated bacitracin sensing. The results suggest that the BceAB transporter acts as a cosensor, together with the BceRS two-component system, for bacitracin perception in S. mutans. By searching the S. mutans genome databases, we have identified three additional genes that share the consensus BceR binding motif at their promoter regions. Our initial work has confirmed that expression of these genes is directly controlled by BceRS, indicating that the bceABRS operon, along with the three additional genes, forms the BceRS regulon in S. mutans. Taking these findings together, we conclude that BceABRS comprises a four-component system that plays an important role in stimulus sensing, signal transduction, the gene regulatory network, and substrate transport for the cell envelope stress response in S. mutans.

scholarly journals Microarray Analysis of the Osmotic Stress Response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (7) ◽  
pp. 2721-2725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arden Aspedon ◽  
Kelli Palmer ◽  
Marvin Whiteley
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Hyperosmotic Shock ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Osmotic Stress Response ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Two Component Systems

ABSTRACT Transcriptional profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown under steady-state hyperosmotic stress conditions showed an up-regulation of genes associated with osmoprotectant synthesis, putative hydrophilins, and the type III secretion system with associated cytotoxins. A large number of regulatory genes, including several two-component systems not previously known to be influenced by osmolarity, were differentially expressed by P. aeruginosa in immediate response to hyperosmotic shock.

Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the cell envelope stress response and the role of LisRK and CesRK in Listeria monocytogenes

Microbiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Kiil Nielsen ◽  
Ann Zahle Andersen ◽  
Maarten Mols ◽  
Stijn van der Veen ◽  
Tjakko Abee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Envelope Stress
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