Genetic locus (stmF) associated with cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity in Dictyostelium discoideum maps in linkage group II.

Abstract The Dictyostelium discoideum mutant MC2 exhibits temperature-sensitive growth, temperature-sensitive motility, and temperature induction of discoidin I synthesis. These three phenotypes of MC2 were not separated in the genetic experiments reported here. They were therefore assigned to the mutation motA1552, which was mapped to linkage group II by segregation analysis and by analysis of mitotic recombinant diploids. In one motA1552 strain, loss of motility preceded accumulation of discoidin I by 3 hr, indicating that discoidin I is not involved in generation of the motility defect. Expression of motA1552 phenotypes varied both among strains carrying the mutation, and among different clones of a particular strain. MC2 and its derivatives displayed elevated levels of recombination between whiA and acrA on linkage group II, and yielded highly unstable mutations at the acrA locus. Accumulation of large amounts of discoidin I during axenic growth of strain AX3 was found to depend on the presence of a second linkage group II mutation, daxA1551. This mutation was already present in the strain mutagenized to isolate motA1552, complicating explication of motA1552 action.

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Evidence for a messenger function of cyclic GMP during phosphodiesterase induction in Dictyostelium discoideum

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.152.1.232-238.1982 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 152 (1) ◽

pp. 232-238

Author(s):

P J van Haastert ◽

F J Pasveer ◽

R C van der Meer ◽

P R van der Heijden ◽

H van Walsum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computer Simulation ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Cyclic Amp ◽

Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽

Cyclic Gmp ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Phosphodiesterase Activity ◽

Transient Elevation ◽

Lines Of Evidence ◽

Stimulation Of

Chemotactic stimulation of vegetative or aggregative Dictyostelium discoideum cells induced a transient elevation of cyclic GMP levels. The addition of chemoattractants to postvegetative cells by pulsing induced phosphodiesterase activity. The following lines of evidence suggest a messenger function for cyclic GMP in the induction of phosphodiesterase: (i) Folic acid and cyclic AMP increased cyclic GMP levels and induced phosphodiesterase activity. (ii) Cyclic AMP induced both cyclic GMP accumulation and phosphodiesterase activity by binding to a rate receptor. (iii) The effects of chemical modification of cyclic AMP or folic acid on cyclic GMP accumulation and phosphodiesterase induction were closely correlated. (iv) A close correlation existed between the increase of cyclic GMP levels and the amount of phosphodiesterase induced, independent of the type of chemoattractant by which this cyclic GMP accumulation was produced. (v) Computer simulation of cyclic GMP binding to intracellular cyclic GMP-binding proteins indicates that half-maximal occupation by cyclic GMP required the same chemoattractant concentration as did half-maximal phosphodiesterase induction.

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THE USE OF RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS AND DNA DUPLICATIONS TO STUDY THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ACTIN MULTIGENE FAMILY IN DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/112.1.27 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 112 (1) ◽

pp. 27-42

Author(s):

Dennis L Welker ◽

K Peter Hirth ◽

Patricia Romans ◽

Angelika Noegel ◽

Richard A Firtel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽

Restriction Fragment ◽

Fragment Length ◽

Gene Copy ◽

Actin Genes ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Cloned Gene ◽

Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACT The techniques of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and examination of gene copy number in duplication-bearing Dictyostelium discoideum strains have been used to map four actin genes of the wild-type strain NC4 to specific linkage groups. In part, this was accomplished by identification of restriction fragments corresponding to particular cloned actin genes using genespecific probes from unique sequence 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Cloned gene Actin 8 (designation act-8) maps to linkage group I; Actins 12 (act-12) and M6 (actM6) to linkage group II. An uncloned gene (act-100) also maps to linkage group II in the same region as actM6, as defined by a chromosomal duplication. From analysis of other wild isolates of D. discoideum, it was determined that in these isolates at least two actin genes map to linkage group I and at least four map to linkage group II. These results demonstrate the utility of molecular techniques in genetic analysis of Dictyostelium, particularly for developmentally regulated genes that have been cloned but that have no identified mutant phenotypes.

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The Use of Mitotic Crossing-over for Genetic Analysis in Dictyostelium discoideum: Mapping of Linkage Group II

Journal of General Microbiology ◽

10.1099/00221287-90-2-247 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 247-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

D. MOSSES ◽

K. L. WILLIAMS ◽

P. C. NEWELL

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽

Crossing Over ◽

Group Ii

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The discoidin I gene family of Dictyostelium discoideum is linked to genes regulating its expression.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/119.3.571 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 119 (3) ◽

pp. 571-578

Author(s):

D L Welker

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

Gene Family ◽

Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽

Restriction Fragment ◽

Fragment Length ◽

Regulatory Element ◽

Cellular Slime Mold ◽

Regulatory Loci ◽

Group Ii ◽

Restriction Fragment Length

Abstract The discoidin I protein has been studied extensively as a marker of early development in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. However, like most other developmentally regulated proteins in this system, no reliable information was available on the linkage of the discoidin genes to other known genes. Analysis of the linkage of the discoidin I genes by use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms revealed that all three discoidin I genes as well as a pseudogene are located on linkage group II. This evidence is consistent with the discoidin I genes forming a gene cluster that may be under the control of a single regulatory element. The discoidin I genes are linked to three genetic loci (disA, motA, daxA) that affect the expression of the discoidin I protein. Linkage of the gene family members to regulatory loci may be important in the coordinate maintenance of the gene family and regulatory loci. A duplication affecting the entire discoidin gene family is also linked to group II; this appears to be a small tandem duplication. This duplication was mapped using a DNA polymorphism generated by insertion of the Tdd-3 mobile genetic element into a Tdd-2 element flanking the gamma gene. A probe for Tdd-2 identified a restriction fragment length polymorphism in strain AX3K that was consistent with generation by a previously proposed Tdd-3 insertion event. A putative duplication or rearrangement of a second Tdd-2 element on linkage group IV of strain AX3K was also identified. This is the first linkage information available for mobile genetic elements in D. discoideum.

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CHROMOSOME FRAGMENTS IN DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM OBTAINED FROM PARASEXUAL CROSSES BETWEEN STRAINS OF DIFFERENT GENETIC BACKGROUND

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/95.2.289 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 289-304

Author(s):

Keith L Williams ◽

Gillian E Robson ◽

Dennis L Welker

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Deleterious Effect ◽

Fruiting Body Formation ◽

Body Formation ◽

Chromosome Fragments ◽

Group Ii ◽

Different Genetic Background

ABSTRACT The first aneuploid strains of Dictyostelium discoideum have been unambiguously characterized, using cytological and genetic analysis. Three independently isolated, but genetically similar, fragment chromosomes have been observed in segregants from diploids formed between haploid strains derived from the NC4 and VI2 isolates of D. discoideum. Once generated, the fragment chromosomes, all of which have Vl2-derived centromeres, can be maintained in a NC4 genetic background. Genetic evidence is consistent with the view that all three fragment chromosomes studied encompass the region from the centromere to the whiA locus of linkage group II and terminate in the interval between whiA and acrA. From cytological studies, one of the fragment chromosomes consists of approximately half of linkage group II.——We observed no deleterious effect on viability or asexual fruiting-body formation in either haploid or diploid strains carrying an additional incomplete chromosome and hence are disomic or trisomic, respectively, for part of linkage group II. The incomplete chromosome is lost at a frequency of 2 to 3% from disomic and trisomic strains, but surprisingly this loss is not increased in the presence of the haploidizing agent, benlate. A new locus (clyA), whose phenotype is altered colony morphology, is assigned to the region of linkage group II encompassed by the fragment chromosome.

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A gene triplet in the mouse

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672300001555 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 227-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. G. Searle ◽

Gillian M. Truslove

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

In Utero ◽

White Hair ◽

Close Linkage ◽

Group Ii ◽

Tail Tip ◽

Dominant Spotting

SUMMARYMice heterozygous for rump-white (Rw) have white hair in lumbo-sacral and caudal regions, although the tail-tip is sometimes pigmented. The homozygote is lethal in utero. No recombination has been found between Rw and the very closely linked spotting genes patch (Ph) and the viable allele of W (Wv). The compounds between these genes are all viable and fertile, although individual homozygotes are either lethal (Ph, Rw) or sterile and anaemic (Wv). It is concluded that they are non-allelic, but form a gene triplet. Close linkage between a cluster of dominant spotting genes and an angora gene in mouse and rabbit provide evidence for homology of part of linkage group II in the rabbit and part of linkage group XVII in the mouse.

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Curly-whiskers and its linkage with tail-kinks in linkage group II of the mouse

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672300009952 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 111-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

D. S. Falconer ◽

J. H. Isaacson

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

Inbred Strain ◽

Recessive Gene ◽

Coat Colour ◽

Group Ii ◽

Research Institute

Curly-whiskers (cw) is a recessive gene which was found in 1958 by Mr C. J. W. Smith of the Chester Beatty Research Institute, London. It arose in a subline of the CBA/Cbi inbred strain. The first mutant animals were one male and one female in a litter of five. The two mutants were mated together and a sib-mated subline was continued from them in which 500 mice were bred, all of which were curly-whiskered. This established the mutant to be fully penetrant. Curly-whiskers resembles the hair-waving genes in causing waving of the vibrissae, but it has no obvious waving effect on the hairs of the coat. The coat texture is, however, slightly abnormal and Mr Smith noted also that on the CBA background there was an appreciable darkening of the coat colour. Homozygotes (cw/cw) are easily classifiable soon after birth by the curled vibrissae. Heterozygotes (+/cw) often have slightly curled vibrissae, and the gene is therefore not fully recessive; but the distinction between +/cw and +/+ could not be relied on, and in the linkage tests cw was treated as a recessive gene.

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Cyclic AMP and folic acid mediated cyclic GMP accumulation in Dictyostelium discoideum

FEBS Letters ◽

10.1016/0014-5793(77)80814-4 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 331-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

José M. Mato ◽

Peter J.M. Van Haastert ◽

Frans A. Krens ◽

Els H. Rhunsburger ◽

Fred C.P.M. Dobbe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Cyclic Amp ◽

Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽

Cyclic Gmp

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Spike-shaped oscillations in the absence of measurable changes in cyclic AMP concentration in a mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.87.5.723 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 723-730

Author(s):

B. Wurster ◽

R. Mohn

Keyword(s):

Light Scattering ◽

Cyclic Amp ◽

Cell Surface ◽

Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽

Cyclic Gmp ◽

Parent Strain ◽

Reaction System ◽

Cell Suspensions ◽

Deficient Mutant ◽

Cyclic Amp Synthesis

Periodic activities of Dictyostelium discoideum cells involve two types of oscillations, spike-shaped and sinusoidal. Spike-shaped oscillations are accompanied by the periodic synthesis and release of cyclic AMP, and cyclic AMP-activated cyclic AMP synthesis is believed to control these oscillations. Experiments described here call into question the importance of cyclic AMP in spike-shaped oscillations. Cell suspensions of strain agip43, an aggregation-deficient mutant of D. discoideum, displayed spike-shaped oscillations in light scattering with period lengths about 1.5 times larger than those of the parent strain. These oscillations were not accompanied by measurable oscillations of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Applied cyclic AMP pulses elicited increases of two- to threefold in the cyclic AMP level and increases of seven- to ninefold in the cyclic GMP concentration. Cyclic AMP additions caused phase shifts in the oscillations of agip43 cells, suggesting that cyclic AMP receptors at the cell surface communicate with the oscillator. We interpret these results in terms of an oscillator not based on cyclic AMP. This oscillator should be coupled to the reaction system involving cyclic AMP synthesis and release. The latter can operate in an oscillatory manner in the parent strain Ax2 but not in mutant agip43.

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