scholarly journals Evaluation of the Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV assay for simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses in nasopharyngeal specimens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Chi-man Leung ◽  
Viola Chi-ying Chow ◽  
May Kin-ping Lee ◽  
Kevin Pui-san Tang ◽  
Daniel Kwok-cheung Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
High Concordance ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Value Association

Patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A (flu A), influenza B (flu B), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have overlapping clinical presentations, but the approaches to treatment and management of infections caused by these viruses are different. Therefore, rapid diagnosis in conjunction with infection prevention measures is important to prevent transmission of the diseases. Recently, a new Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV (Xpert 4-in-1) assay enables the detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, flu A, flu B, and RSV in upper respiratory tract specimens. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the Xpert 4-in-1 assay by comparing it with the Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 and Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV assays for the detection of the four viruses in nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens. A total of 279 NP specimens, including 66, 56, 64 and 53 positive specimens for SARS-CoV-2, flu A, flu B and RSV respectively, were included. The Xpert 4-in-1 assay demonstrated high concordance with the comparator assays, with overall agreement for SARS-CoV-2, flu A, flu B, and RSV at 99.64%, 100%, 99.64%, and 100%, respectively, and a high kappa value ranging from 0.99 to 1.00, indicating an almost perfect correlation between assays. The cycle threshold value association between positive samples also showed a good correlation between assays. In conclusion, the overall performance of the Xpert 4-in-1 assay was highly comparable to that of the Xpert SARS-CoV-2 and Xpert Flu/RSV assays for the detection and differentiation of SARS CoV-2, flu A, flu B, and RSV in NP specimens.

scholarly journals Utility and Challenges of a Multi-pathogen Diagnostic Platform for Characterizing Public Health Threats of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Six Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S17-S18
Author(s):  
Jennifer Milucky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Multiple Pathogens

Abstract Background Pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Comprehensive etiology studies of pneumonia in adults are limited; however, new diagnostics enable simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens in respiratory specimens. Characterizing the public health threat of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) may enhance global health security. We studied potential etiologies of SARI among adults in six countries over a 12-month period using multi-pathogen diagnostics. Methods We enrolled SARI cases (acute onset of fever and cough, requiring hospitalization, in an adult) from Global Disease Detection sites in Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Guatemala, Kenya, and Thailand and healthy frequency-matched controls (2 controls: 5 cases) by time (onset), age group (18–49, 50–64, 65+ years), and catchment area. Demographics, clinical data, and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens were collected from cases and controls. Specimens were tested for 16 viruses and 14 bacteria using Taqman® Array Card, which uses real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results We enrolled 2,388 cases and 1,135 controls from Oct 2013 through Oct 2015. Age distribution (Figure) and seasonality varied by site: enrollment peaked in summer months in Bangladesh, Thailand, and China, and in winter months in Egypt, but was stable throughout the year in Guatemala and Kenya. Case fatality rate across all study locations was 2.3% (range 0–7.0%). One or more pathogens was detected in 76% of cases and in 67% of controls; ≥2 pathogens were detected in 42% of cases and 37% of controls. Pathogens more commonly detected among cases than controls included influenza A (OR 13.3, CI 7.0–25.2; 12.8% of cases vs. 1.1% of controls), influenza B (OR: 27.0, CI 8.6–84.8; 8.1% vs. 0.3%), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (OR: 9.4, CI 3.4–25.8; 4.0% vs. 0.4%). Conclusion In this SARI study, frequent detection of multiple pathogens in the oro- and nasopharynx of both cases and controls made etiology attribution difficult. Influenza and RSV, however, were likely to be causes of SARI. Because upper respiratory tract specimens may not accurately reflect disease in the lung, better specimens are needed to determine pneumonia etiology, particularly for bacteria. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Analytical performances of the AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B and respiratory syncytial viruses in respiratory specimens

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262258
Author(s):  
Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa ◽  
Serge Tonen-Wolyec ◽  
David Veyer ◽  
Hélène Péré ◽  
Laurent Bélec
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
High Concordance ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

Although patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) show comparable or very similar manifestations, the therapeutic approaches of these respiratory viral infections are different, which requires an accurate diagnosis. Recently, the novel multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex (BioSynex SA, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France) allows simultaneous detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV in respiratory tract samples. We herein evaluated the performance of the AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex for the detection of the four viruses in respiratory specimens, using Allplex™ Respiratory Panel 1 and 2019-nCoV assays (Seegene, Seoul, Korea) as reference comparator assays. A total of 359 archived predetermined respiratory samples, including 83, 145, 19 and 95 positive specimens for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B and RSV respectively, were included. The AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex showed high concordance with the reference assays, with an overall agreement for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV at 97.6%, 98.8%, 98.3% and 100.0%, respectively, and high κ values ranging from 0.93 to 1.00, indicating an almost perfect agreement between assays. Furthermore, high correlations of cycle threshold (Ct) values were observed for positive samples of the four viruses between the AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex and comparator assays, with an overall high agreement between Ct values assessed by Bland-Altman analyses. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate that the multiplex AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex is a reliable assay for the qualitative detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV in respiratory specimens, which may prove useful for streamlining diagnostics during the winter influenza-seasons.

scholarly journals 2327. 2018–2019 Seasonal Epidemiology of Infections Caused by Influenza Viruses and RSV in Ecuadorean Children Less than 5 Years of Age Residing at Opposite Extremes of Elevation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S799-S799
Author(s):  
Marie Jose Moubarak ◽  
Cynthia A Bonville ◽  
Joseph B Domachowske ◽  
Manika Suryadevara ◽  
Gloria M Salazar-Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Sustained Activity ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background The epidemiology of ambulatory acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) caused by influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in young children is not well described in Ecuador. The seasonality of these infections vary across and within tropical countries experiencing different climates. Understanding trends that differ from one region to the next is needed to optimize implementation of effective preventive measures. Methods This 5-year prospective study compares the epidemiology of ARTI caused by influenza and RSV in children from Machala (6 m) and Quito (2,832 m), Ecuador. Children < 5 years presenting with ARTI for ≤7 days are eligible. Demographic and clinical data are gathered and a nasopharyngeal sample is collected for diagnostic testing using the Biofire FilmArray® respiratory panel platform that allows for the detection of 17 viruses. Results Between July 2018 and March 2019, we enrolled 446 subjects; 322 from Machala and 124 from Quito. Eighteen percent of the samples from Quito and 9% from Machala were positive for influenza viruses, while RSV accounted for 4% of the samples from Quito and 5% of those from Machala. The influenza B season at both elevations lasted 14 weeks, but started 5 weeks earlier in Machala (weeks 29–42 vs. weeks 34–47). Influenza B seasonal activity preceded influenza A at both sites. In Machala, the influenza A season began 6 weeks after the influenza B season (weeks 48–4), but overlapped with the influenza B season in Quito (weeks 45–2). In Machala, RSV was detected during the first week of surveillance (2018, week 29) but did not re-emerge to cause sustained activity until 2019, week 6. The RSV season began in Quito in 2018 during week 47, with sustained activity through the time of this report, 2019, week 12. Conclusion The 2018–2019 seasonal epidemiology of ARTI caused by influenza viruses and RSV differed between Ecuadorean children living close to sea level and those living at high elevation. Patterns of seasonal activity observed throughout the 5-year study period will facilitate decision-making regarding the optimal timing and duration for implementing existing and emerging prevention measures. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonitis in Young Immunocompetent Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Sergio Stagno ◽  
Linda L. Pifer ◽  
Walter T. Hughes ◽  
Dana M. Brasfield ◽  
Ralph E. Tiller
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Open Lung Biopsy ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Circulating Antigens ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
A Prospective Study

Of 67 infants enrolled in a prospective study of infant pneumonia ten (14%) had evidence of Pneumocystis carinii infection. Diagnosis was achieved by demonstrating circulating P carinii antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in all ten cases and by histopathology in the only infant who underwent an open lung biopsy. Antigenemia did not occur in 64 control infants (P = .003), nor in 57 patients of similar age who were hospitalized with pneumonitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis, respiratory syncytial virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and influenza A and influenza B viruses. None of the ten infants with P carinii pneumonitis had evidence of a primary immunodeficiency nor had any received immunosuppressive medication. These patients were hospitalized at a mean age of 6 weeks (range 2 to 12) and their illness was characterized by its afebrile course, presentation in crisis with severe respiratory distress, apnea, tachypnea, cough, increased IgM, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with hyperaeration. The clinical features of P carinii pneumonitis were indistinguishable from those of C trachomatis and cytomegalovirus pneumonia. Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was associated with rapid disappearance of circulating antigens; however, the small number of patients studied did not permit an analysis of its clinical efficacy. These results indicate that P carinii singly or in combination with other infectious agents may be an important cause of pneumonitis in young, immunocompetent infants with no underlying illnesses.

scholarly journals Influenza and RSV incidence during COVID-19 pandemic—an observational study from in-hospital point-of-care testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stamm ◽  
Ingo Sagoschen ◽  
Kerstin Weise ◽  
Bodo Plachter ◽  
Thomas Münzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Emergency Room Patients ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Point Of Care Tests

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has forced the implementation of unprecedented public health measures strategies which might also have a significant impact on the spreading of other viral pathogens such as influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) . The present study compares the incidences of the most relevant respiratory viruses before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in emergency room patients. We analyzed the results of in total 14,946 polymerase chain reaction point-of-care tests (POCT-PCR) for Influenza A, Influenza B, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 in an adult and a pediatric emergency room between December 1, 2018 and March 31, 2021. Despite a fivefold increase in the number of tests performed, the positivity rate for Influenza A dropped from 19.32% (165 positives of 854 tests in 2018/19), 14.57% (149 positives of 1023 in 2019–20) to 0% (0 positives of 4915 tests) in 2020/21. In analogy, the positivity rate for Influenza B and RSV dropped from 0.35 to 1.47%, respectively, 10.65–21.08% to 0% for both in 2020/21. The positivity rate for SARS-CoV2 reached 9.74% (110 of 1129 tests performed) during the so-called second wave in December 2020. Compared to the two previous years, seasonal influenza and RSV incidence was eliminated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Corona-related measures and human behavior patterns could lead to a significant decline or even complete suppression of other respiratory viruses such as influenza and RSV.

scholarly journals The Panther Fusion System with Open Access Functionality for Laboratory-Developed Tests for Influenza A Virus Subtyping

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Stellrecht ◽  
Jesse L. Cimino ◽  
Vincente P. Maceira
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Fusion System ◽  
Valuable Complement ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT Nucleic acid amplification tests, such as PCR, are the method of choice for respiratory virus testing, due to their superior diagnostic accuracy and fast turnaround time. The Panther Fusion (Fusion; Hologic) system has an array of highly sensitive in vitro diagnostic (IVD) real-time PCR assays for respiratory viruses, including an assay for influenza A (FluA) virus, influenza B (FluB) virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (FFABR assay). The Fusion system has Open Access functionality to perform laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) alongside IVD assays. We developed two LDTs for FluA virus strain typing on the Panther Fusion instrument, enabling side-by-side testing with the FFABR assay. The LDT-FAST assay uses proprietary primers and probes designed by Hologic for the Prodesse ProFAST+ (PFAST) assay. The exWHO-FAST assay is an expanded redesign of the WHO-recommended reverse transcriptase PCRs (RT-PCRs). To evaluate the performance of these two LDTs, 110 FluA virus-positive samples were tested. Of these, 104 had been subtyped previously; 54 were H3, 46 were 09H1, and 4 were fsH1. All were appropriately subtyped by both LDTs. Of the untyped FluA virus samples, three were subtyped as H3 by both LDTs and two were subtyped as H3 by the LDT-FAST assay only. The sample not subtyped by either LDT was retested with the FFABR assay and was now negative. Limit-of-detection (LOD) analyses were performed with five FluA virus strains. The LDT-FAST LODs were similar to the FFABR assay LODs, while the exWHO-FAST LODs were higher for two H3N2 strains, findings that were explained by analysis of primer/probe homology. In conclusion, either FluA virus typing assay would be a valuable complement to the Panther Fusion respiratory menu given the performance of these LDTs, the system’s full automation, and the ability to split eluates for both IVD and LDT testing.

scholarly journals Vaccination of Macaques with Adjuvanted Formalin-Inactivated Influenza A Virus (H5N1) Vaccines: Protection against H5N1 Challenge without Disease Enhancement

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 2565-2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Ruat ◽  
Catherine Caillet ◽  
Alexandre Bidaut ◽  
James Simon ◽  
Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Disease Exacerbation ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Virus H5n1 ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion

ABSTRACT We investigated the ability of adjuvanted, inactivated split-virion influenza A virus (H5N1) vaccines to protect against infection and demonstrated that the disease exacerbation phenomenon seen with adjuvanted formaldehyde-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus investigational vaccines did not occur with these H5N1 vaccines. Macaques were vaccinated twice with or without an aluminum hydroxide or oil-in-water emulsion adjuvanted vaccine. Three months later, animals were challenged with homologous wild-type H5N1. No signs of vaccine-induced disease exacerbation were seen. With either adjuvant, vaccination induced functional and cross-reactive antibodies and protected the lungs and upper respiratory tract. Without an adjuvant, the vaccine provided partial protection. Best results were obtained with the emulsion adjuvant.

scholarly journals A comparison of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections among infants admitted to hospital with acute respiratory infections

1976 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Caul ◽  
D. K. Waller ◽  
S. K. R. Clarke ◽  
B. D. Corner
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYAmong 741 children under 5 years admitted to hospital with respiratory infections during two winters, infection with influenza A virus was diagnosed in 70 (9%), with influenza B virus in 8 (1%), and with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 259 (35 %). Both influenza virus and RSV infections were diagnosed most frequently in children under the age of one year, and diagnosed more frequently in males than females. Influenza illnesses were more severe in boys than girls. Both infections occurred more often, but were not more severe, in children from a conurbation than in those from ‘rural’ areas. Convulsions were the cause of 36% of admissions with influenza A infections, but were rare in RSV infections. Bronchiolitis was the reason for 39% of admissions with RSV infections, but was rare in influenza infections. It is suggested that infants admitted to hospital are a good source of influenza virus strains for monitoring arttigenic variation.

scholarly journals Performance of a Novel Point-of-Care Molecular Assay for Detection of Influenza A and B Viruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Enigma MiniLab) in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam T. Douthwaite ◽  
Charlotte Walker ◽  
Elisabeth J. Adams ◽  
Catherine Mak ◽  
Andres Vecino Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Molecular Assay ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Influenza

The performance of the Enigma MiniLab assay for influenza A and B viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was compared to a centralized laboratory respiratory virus panel. The positive and negative percent agreement for influenza A virus, influenza B virus, and RSV were 79.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 57.8 to 92.9%) and 99.4% (95% CI, 98.4 to 99.9), 100% (95% CI, 47.8 to 100%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.3 to 100%), 98.5% (95% CI, 94.6 to 99.8%) and 94.5% (95% CI, 91.9 to 96.4%), respectively.

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