scholarly journals Regulation of IkappaB beta in WEHI 231 mature B cells.

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 4390-4396 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Phillips ◽  
S Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Nuclear Import ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Constitutive Activation ◽  
Wehi 231 ◽  
Nf Kappab ◽  
Dna Binding Complexes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in WEHI 231 early mature B cells resembles the persistent activation of NF-kappaB that is observed upon prolonged stimulation of other cells. In both cases, NF-kappaB DNA binding complexes are found in the nucleus, despite the abundance of cytosolic IkappaB alpha. Recently, we have shown that prolonged activation of 70Z/3 cells with lipopolysaccharide results in the degradation of IkappaB beta, followed by its subsequent resynthesis as a hypophosphorylated protein. This protein was shown to facilitate transport of a portion of NF-kappaB to the nucleus in a manner that protects it from cytosolic IkappaB alpha. We now demonstrate that the most abundant form of IkappaB beta in WEHI 231 cells is a hypophosphorylated protein. This hypophosphorylated IkappaB beta is found in a stable complex with NF-kappaB in the cytosol and is also detected in NF-kappaB DNA binding complexes in the nucleus. It is likely that hypophosphorylated IkappaB beta in WEHI 231 cells also protects NF-kappaB from IkappaB alpha, thus leading to the continuous nuclear import of this transcription factor.

scholarly journals Nuclear Import and DNA Binding of the ZHD5 Transcription Factor Is Modulated by a Competitive Peptide Inhibitor inArabidopsis

2010 ◽  
Vol 286 (2) ◽  
pp. 1659-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Young Hong ◽  
Ok-Kyoung Kim ◽  
Sang-Gyu Kim ◽  
Moon-Sik Yang ◽  
Chung-Mo Park
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Nuclear Import ◽  
Peptide Inhibitor

scholarly journals A Highly Organized Structure Mediating Nuclear Localization of a Myb2 Transcription Factor in the Protozoan Parasite Trichomonas vaginalis

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1607-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsin Chu ◽  
Lung-Chun Chang ◽  
Hong-Ming Hsu ◽  
Shu-Yi Wei ◽  
Hsing-Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Nuclear Import ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Structural Domain ◽  
Dna Binding Activity

ABSTRACT Nuclear proteins usually contain specific peptide sequences, referred to as nuclear localization signals (NLSs), for nuclear import. These signals remain unexplored in the protozoan pathogen, Trichomonas vaginalis . The nuclear import of a Myb2 transcription factor was studied here using immunodetection of a hemagglutinin-tagged Myb2 overexpressed in the parasite. The tagged Myb2 was localized to the nucleus as punctate signals. With mutations of its polybasic sequences, 48KKQK51 and 61KR62, Myb2 was localized to the nucleus, but the signal was diffusive. When fused to a C-terminal non-nuclear protein, the Myb2 sequence spanning amino acid (aa) residues 48 to 143, which is embedded within the R2R3 DNA-binding domain (aa 40 to 156), was essential and sufficient for efficient nuclear import of a bacterial tetracycline repressor (TetR), and yet the transport efficiency was reduced with an additional fusion of a firefly luciferase to TetR, while classical NLSs from the simian virus 40 T-antigen had no function in this assay system. Myb2 nuclear import and DNA-binding activity were substantially perturbed with mutation of a conserved isoleucine (I74) in helix 2 to proline that altered secondary structure and ternary folding of the R2R3 domain. Disruption of DNA-binding activity alone by point mutation of a lysine residue, K51, preceding the structural domain had little effect on Myb2 nuclear localization, suggesting that nuclear translocation of Myb2, which requires an ordered structural domain, is independent of its DNA binding activity. These findings provide useful information for testing whether myriad Mybs in the parasite use a common module to regulate nuclear import.

Effects of aging on DNA-binding activity of the E47 transcription factor in splenic B cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Frasca ◽  
Diep Nguyen ◽  
Richard L. Riley ◽  
Bonnie B. Blomberg
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Effects Of Aging

scholarly journals Inhibition of c-myc expression induces apoptosis of WEHI 231 murine B cells.

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 5015-5025 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wu ◽  
M Arsura ◽  
R E Bellas ◽  
M J FitzGerald ◽  
H Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
B Cell Tolerance ◽  
B Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Wehi 231 ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Myc Gene ◽  
Nf Kappab ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Treatment of WEHI 231 immature B-lymphoma cells with an antibody against their surface immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) induces apoptosis and has been studied extensively as a model of B-cell tolerance. Anti-Ig treatment of exponentially growing WEHI 231 cells results in an early transient increase in c-myc expression that is followed by a decline to below basal levels; this decrease in c-myc expression immediately precedes the induction of cell death. Here we have modulated NF-kappaB/Rel factor activity, which regulates the rate of c-myc gene transcription, to determine whether the increase or decrease in c-Myc-levels mediates apoptosis in WEHI 231 cells. Addition of the serine/threonine protease inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), which blocks the normally rapid turnover of the specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB/Rel IkappaBalpha in these cells, caused a drop in Rel-related factor binding. TPCK treatment resulted in decreased c-myc expression, preventing the usual increase seen following anti-Ig treatment. Whereas inhibition of the induction of c-myc expression mediated by anti-Ig failed to block apoptosis, reduction of c-myc expression in exponentially growing WEHI 231 cells induced apoptosis even in the absence of anti-Ig treatment. In WEHI 231 clones ectopically expressing c-Myc, apoptosis induced by treatment with TPCK or anti-Ig was significantly diminished and cells continued to proliferate. Furthermore, apoptosis of WEHI 231 cells ensued following enhanced expression of Mad1, which has been found to reduce functional c-Myc levels. These results indicate that the decline in c-myc expression resulting from the drop in NF-kappaB/Rel binding leads to activation of apoptosis of WEHI 231 B cells.

scholarly journals The immunosuppressive fungal metabolite gliotoxin specifically inhibits transcription factor NF-kappaB.

1996 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 1829-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
H L Pahl ◽  
B Krauss ◽  
K Schulze-Osthoff ◽  
T Decker ◽  
E B Traenckner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nf Kappab

Opportunistic infections, such as aspergillosis, are among the most serious complications suffered by immunocompromised patients. Aspergillus fumigatus and other pathogenic fungi synthesize a toxic epipolythiodioxopiperazine metabolite called gliotoxin. Gliotoxin exhibits profound immunosuppressive activity in vivo. It induces apoptosis in thymocytes, splenocytes, and mesenteric lymph node cells and can selectively deplete bone marrow of mature lymphocytes. The molecular mechanism by which gliotoxin exerts these effects remains unknown. Here, we report that nanomolar concentrations of gliotoxin inhibited the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB in response to a variety of stimuli in T and B cells. The effect of gliotoxin was specific because, at the same concentrations, the toxin did not affect activation of the transcription factor NF-AT or of interferon-responsive signal transducers and activators of transcription. Likewise, the activity of the constitutively DNA-binding transcription factors Oct-1 and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), as well as the activation of protein tyrosine kinases p56lck and p59fyn, was not altered by gliotoxin. Very high concentrations of gliotoxin prevented NF-kappaB DNA binding in vitro. However, in intact cells, inhibition of NF-kappaB did not occur at the level of DNA binding; rather, the toxin appeared to prevent degradation of IkappaB-alpha, NF-kappaB's inhibitory subunit. Our data raise the possibility that the immunosuppression observed during aspergillosis results in part from gliotoxin-mediated NF-kappaB inhibition.

scholarly journals Inhibition of activation of transcription factor AP-1 by CD28 signalling in human T-cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 302 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Los ◽  
W Dröge ◽  
K Schulze-Osthoff
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Stimulation Of

Co-stimulation of T-lymphocytes by T-cell receptor (TcR) occupancy and activation of the CD28 surface molecule results in enhanced proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production. The increase in IL-2 gene expression triggered by CD28 involves a kappa B-like sequence in the 5′-regulatory region of the IL-2 promoter, called CD28-responsive element. Stimulation of T-cells by agonistic anti-CD28 antibodies in conjunction with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- or TcR-derived signals induces the enhanced activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B. Here we report that CD28 engagement, however, exerts opposite effects on the transcription factor AP-1. Whereas anti-CD28 together with PMA increased the DNA binding and trans-activation activity of NF-kappa B, PMA-induced activation of AP-1 was significantly suppressed. The inhibitory effect exerted by anti-CD28 was observed at the level of DNA binding as well as in functional reporter-gene assays. These results suggest that the two transcription factors are independently regulated and may perform different functions during T-cell activation.

scholarly journals Analysis of E-box DNA binding during myeloid differentiation reveals complexes that contain Mad but not Max

1997 ◽  
Vol 325 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. RYAN ◽  
George D. BIRNIE
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Phorbol Ester ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation ◽  
Hl60 Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor Network ◽  
Differentiation Induction ◽  
E Box ◽  
Blocking Activity ◽  
Dna Binding Complexes

It has been shown that during myeloid differentiation the levels of mad1 mRNA are induced before the loss of c-Myc protein. This suggests that inactivation of the differentiation-blocking activity of c-Myc might not occur primarily through the loss of Myc protein, but through an increase in the levels of its antagonist, Mad1. To investigate this question we have analysed the levels of mad1 mRNA during differentiation of myeloid leukaemic HL60 cells. Although levels of mad1 mRNA were moderately increased after induction with phorbol ester, we also found that differentiation could be achieved with other inducers without any concomitant up-regulation of mad1 mRNA. In addition, analysis of E-box DNA binding revealed that, although Myc–Max complexes were lost rapidly after differentiation induction, formation of Mad1-containing complexes only occurred during the later stages of the differentiation programme. Further analysis of these Mad-containing complexes revealed that they were also unlikely to have the capacity to antagonize c-Myc function, as they did not contain Max. Therefore these data suggest that an increase in the levels of mad1 mRNA or the formation of a Mad–Max complex are unlikely to be essential or determining events for myeloid differentiation. In addition, the discovery of DNA-binding complexes that contain Mad1, but not Max, opens up this transcription factor network to include other Max-like proteins or proteins of an unrelated nature.

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