scholarly journals Cell Wall Integrity Signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Polarized Secretion ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Tor Kinase ◽  
Cell Wall Expansion

SUMMARY The yeast cell wall is a highly dynamic structure that is responsible for protecting the cell from rapid changes in external osmotic potential. The wall is also critical for cell expansion during growth and morphogenesis. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the various signal transduction pathways that allow cells to monitor the state of the cell wall and respond to environmental challenges to this structure. The cell wall integrity signaling pathway controlled by the small G-protein Rho1 is principally responsible for orchestrating changes to the cell wall periodically through the cell cycle and in response to various forms of cell wall stress. This signaling pathway acts through direct control of wall biosynthetic enzymes, transcriptional regulation of cell wall-related genes, and polarization of the actin cytoskeleton. However, additional signaling pathways interface both with the cell wall integrity signaling pathway and with the actin cytoskeleton to coordinate polarized secretion with cell wall expansion. These include Ca2+ signaling, phosphatidylinositide signaling at the plasma membrane, sphingoid base signaling through the Pkh1 and -2 protein kinases, Tor kinase signaling, and pathways controlled by the Rho3, Rho4, and Cdc42 G-proteins.

scholarly journals A novel connection between the Cell Wall Integrity and the PKA pathways regulates cell wall stress response in yeast

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl García ◽  
Enrique Bravo ◽  
Sonia Diez-Muñiz ◽  
Cesar Nombela ◽  
Jose M. Rodríguez-Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Cell Wall Stress

scholarly journals KRE5 Suppression Induces Cell Wall Stress and Alternative ER Stress Response Required for Maintaining Cell Wall Integrity in Candida glabrata

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e0161371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Tanaka ◽  
Masato Sasaki ◽  
Fumie Ito ◽  
Toshio Aoyama ◽  
Michiyo Sato-Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Er Stress Response ◽  
Cell Wall Stress

scholarly journals Genetic dissection of the signaling pathway required for the cell wall integrity checkpoint

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 (13) ◽  
pp. jcs219063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Sukegawa ◽  
Takahiro Negishi ◽  
Yo Kikuchi ◽  
Keiko Ishii ◽  
Miyuki Imanari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Genetic Dissection

scholarly journals Cross Talk between the Cell Wall Integrity and Cyclic AMP/Protein Kinase A Pathways in Cryptococcus neoformans

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen J. Donlin ◽  
Rajendra Upadhya ◽  
Kimberly J. Gerik ◽  
Woei Lam ◽  
Laura G. VanArendonk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Protein Kinase A ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Kinase A

ABSTRACTCryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen of immunocompromised people that causes fatal meningitis. The fungal cell wall is essential to viability and pathogenesis ofC. neoformans, and biosynthesis and repair of the wall is primarily controlled by the cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway. Previous work has shown that deletion of genes encoding the four major kinases in the CWI signaling pathway, namely,PKC1,BCK1,MKK2, andMPK1results in severe cell wall phenotypes, sensitivity to a variety of cell wall stressors, and for Mpk1, reduced virulence in a mouse model. Here, we examined the global transcriptional responses to gene deletions ofBCK1,MKK2, andMPK1compared to wild-type cells. We found that over 1,000 genes were differentially expressed in one or more of the deletion strains, with 115 genes differentially expressed in all three strains, many of which have been identified as genes regulated by the cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Biochemical measurements of cAMP levels in the kinase deletion strains revealed significantly less cAMP in all of the deletion strains compared to the wild-type strain. The deletion strains also produced significantly smaller capsules than the wild-type KN99 strain did under capsule-inducing conditions, although the levels of capsule they shed were similar to those shed by the wild type. Finally, addition of exogenous cAMP led to reduced sensitivity to cell wall stress and restored surface capsule to levels near those of wild type. Thus, we have direct evidence of cross talk between the CWI and cAMP/PKA pathways that may have important implications for regulation of cell wall and capsule homeostasis.IMPORTANCECryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen of immunocompromised people that causes fatal meningitis. The fungal cell wall is essential to viability and pathogenesis ofC. neoformans, and biosynthesis and repair of the wall are primarily controlled by the cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that deletion of any of three core kinases in the CWI pathway impacts not only the cell wall but also the amount of surface capsule. Deletion of any of the kinases results in significantly reduced cellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, and addition of exogenous cAMP rescues the capsule defect and some cell wall defects, supporting a direct role for the CWI pathway in regulation of capsule in conjunction with the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway.

scholarly journals Cell Wall Stress Depolarizes Cell Growth via Hyperactivation of Rho1

1999 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Alain Delley ◽  
Michael N. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Cell Wall Stress ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Kinase Cascade

Cells sense and physiologically respond to environmental stress via signaling pathways. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells respond to cell wall stress by transiently depolarizing the actin cytoskeleton. We report that cell wall stress also induces a transient depolarized distribution of the cell wall biosynthetic enzyme glucan synthase FKS1 and its regulatory subunit RHO1, possibly as a mechanism to repair general cell wall damage. The redistribution of FKS1 is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. Depolarization of the actin cytoskeleton and FKS1 is mediated by the plasma membrane protein WSC1, the RHO1 GTPase switch, PKC1, and a yet-to-be defined PKC1 effector branch. WSC1 behaves like a signal transducer or a stress-specific actin landmark that both controls and responds to the actin cytoskeleton, similar to the bidirectional signaling between integrin receptors and the actin cytoskeleton in mammalian cells. The PKC1-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is not required for depolarization, but rather for repolarization of the actin cytoskeleton and FKS1. Thus, activated RHO1 can mediate both polarized and depolarized cell growth via the same effector, PKC1, suggesting that RHO1 may function as a rheostat rather than as a simple on-off switch.

scholarly journals Deletion of YLR358C Contributes to Reduce Cell Wall Integrity in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Mengyan Li ◽  
Hanying Wang ◽  
Juqing Deng ◽  
Jianxing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Calcofluor White ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Stress Signals

Abstract The mechanism of fungal cell wall synthesis and assembly is still unclear. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and pathogenic fungi are conserved in cell wall construction and response to stress signals, and often respond to cell wall stress through activated cell wall integrity (CWI) pathways. Whether the YLR358C open reading frame regulates CWI remains unclear. This study found that the growth of S. cerevisiae with YLR358C knockout was significantly inhibited on the medium containing different concentrations of cell wall interfering agents Calcofluor White (CFW), Congo Red (CR) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). CFW staining showed that the cell wall chitin was down-regulated, and transmission electron microscopy also observed a decrease in cell wall thickness. Transcriptome sequencing and analysis showed that YLR358C gene may be involved in the regulation of CWI signaling pathway. It was found by qRT-PCR that WSC3, SWI4 and HSP12 were differentially expressed after YLR358C was knocked out. The above results suggest that YLR358C may regulate the integrity of the yeast cell walls and has some potential for application in fermentation.

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