APPLICATION OF DRILLING FLUID AND PRODUCED WATER TO A SOIL SURFACE CAUSING ALTERATION OF SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

ABSTRACT Organic materials subjected to a process of anaerobic digestion in a digester produce biofertilizer that can be used in agriculture as nutrient source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pig slurry biofertilizer on soil chemical properties and on corn yield and nutrient concentrations in leaves and kernels. The experiment was conducted in the field from November 2012 to April 2013, and was arranged in a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of doses of pig slurry biofertilizer (0; 40; 80; 120; 160; 200 and 240 m3 ha-1), applied to the soil surface in a single application, at stage V2 of corn plants. Thirty-three days after biofertilization, soil samples were collected in each plot. Corn was harvested 129 days after sowing. Doses up to 240 m3 ha-1 of pig slurry biofertilizer applied to soil with good fertility did not influence soil chemical properties and corn yield. The use of pig slurry biofertilizer had no detectable effect on nutrient concentrations in corn leaves and kernels.

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Comparison of Environmental Effects from Oil and Gas Produced Fluids using Combined Field and Laboratory Investigations

10.20944/preprints202012.0490.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua Swigart ◽

Joonghyeok Heo ◽

Duane Wolf

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Produced Water ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Land Application ◽

Rotary Drilling ◽

Chemical Mixture ◽

Land Farming

Rotary drilling for oil and natural gas uses drilling fluid for lubrication of the bit, to seal off unstable shale layers, and floating out rock cuttings. Drilling fluid is a water-clay chemical mixture. Produced water is a water-sand chemical mixture. Land farming is a common disposal technique of drilling fluid and produced water. In the land farming process, amendments of fluid are repeatedly applied to the soil surface. Plant growth and soil chemical properties may be altered by additions of drilling fluid, because of alkalinity, salinity, trace elements, and petroleum residue contained in waste. The objective of this study was to determine the change in soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen and carbon, and extractable nutrient levels following the land application of drilling fluid and produced water. The study was a comparison of three plots with similar soil properties and conditions. The three study plots had various levels of drilling fluid and produced water applications. The data show a major difference from field-to-field for EC, Na, and Cl levels. The EC and salt levels increased with additional applications of drilling fluid and produced water. The percent total nitrogen values and plant available P levels were very low in all fields. High EC and salt values, coupled with low N and P levels, would be detrimental to plant growth and development. To successfully vegetate this land-farm site, application of N and P fertilizer would be required. This study will help to give a better understanding of practical ways to land-farm drilling fluid and produced water in a fashion that both minimizes environmental issues and is economically feasible. Salinity changes to soil were expected to be high; there are excessive amounts of sodium and chloride in spent drilling fluid and produced water.

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Effects of coalbed methane‐produced water on sorghum‐sudangrass growth and soil chemical properties

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis ◽

10.1080/00103629809370117 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 29 (15-16) ◽

pp. 2365-2381 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

G. L. Mullins ◽

B. F. Hajek

Keyword(s):

Coalbed Methane ◽

Produced Water ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Sorghum Sudangrass

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Compost Effects on Soil Chemical Properties and Field Nursery Production

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-21.1.38 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

Ronald F. Gonzalez ◽

Leslie R. Cooperband

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Soil C ◽

Total Soil ◽

Shrub Biomass

Abstract Field production of ornamental shrubs results in significant topsoil removal and degradation of soil chemical properties. We amended field soils with compost to evaluate effects on soil chemical properties and shrub biomass production. We applied either duck manure-sawdust (DM), potato cull-sawdust-dairy manure (PC) or paper mill sludge-bark (PMB) composts to a silt loam soil as a) incorporated 2.5 cm (1 in) of compost tilled into the top 15 cm (6 in) of soil or b) incorporated + mulched 2.5 cm (1 in) tilled into soil + 2.5 cm (1 in) applied over the soil surface. We grew Spirea japonicum ‘Gumball’, Juniper chinensis ‘Pfitzeriana’ and Berberis thunbergia ‘Atropurpurea’ seedlings and measured total and plant available nutrients and shrub biomass production and nutrient contents over two growing seasons. Total soil C was 15–21% higher in all mulched treatments compared to incorporated-only and no-amendment control treatments. Total soil N, P and Cu, available P, S, Ca, Mg, K, pH and EC increased with increasing TC. Mulched DM compost produced significantly higher DTPA-extractable Zn relative to other treatments. In the second growing season, mulched DM compost produced 39–42% greater total barberry biomass than all other treatments. Among all shrub species, the best soil chemical predictors of plant growth were TC, TS, soluble P, exchangeable Ca and K and DTPA-Zn. The best tissue nutrient-content predictors of plant growth were total shoot N, P and Zn and root Zn. The unique growth response of barberry to mulched DM compost suggests that all shrubs may not respond to compost amendments, particularly over the short term.

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Response of soybean and corn to soil mechanical intervention and agricultural gypsum application to the soil surface

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n1p95 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 95 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucindo Somavilla ◽

Marlo Adriano Bison Pinto ◽

Claudir José Basso ◽

Clovis Orlando Da Ros ◽

Vanderlei Rodrigues da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

No Tillage ◽

Crop Response ◽

Tillage System ◽

Physical Effects ◽

Mechanical Intervention ◽

Gypsum Application

Agricultural gypsum is considered an important tool in the improvement of soil chemical properties; however, crop responses to its application are contradictory. Studies have shown that the physical effects of soil mechanical intervention is short-lasting and has little impact on grain yield. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate corn and soybean response to soil mechanical interventions and to the application of agricultural gypsum to soil surface. The experiment involved cultivation of two crops each of soybean (i. e., 2009/2010 and 2011/2012 crop years) and corn (i. e., 2010/2011 and 2012/2013 crop years) with application of agricultural gypsum (0, 2, 4 and 6 Mg ha-1) to the soil surface during the winter of 2009, after 12 years under continuous no-tillage system and two types of mechanical intervention: chisel plowing and plowing+harrowing. Soybean responded to mechanical interventions conducted in an area under continuous no-tillage system, but showed an increase of only 10% (114 kg ha-1) in the grain yield with the use of agricultural gypsum in the 2011/2012 crop year. Gypsum caused a higher increase in the grain yield of corn than that of soybean. Moreover, the crop response to gypsum application varied considerably in the 2010/2011 crop year after mechanical interventions under continuous no-tillage cultivation.

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Some soil-related issues in the disposal of effluent on land

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea00133 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 225 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

R. W. Tillman ◽

A. Surapaneni

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Land Use ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Movement ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Practical Experience ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Sodic Soils ◽

Land Use Practices

There is increasing environmental pressure to dispose of waste effluents on land, rather than discharging them directly into surface waterways. In addition to reducing impacts on water quality, land disposal of effluents offers the possibility of beneficial recycling of water and essential plant nutrients. Frequently, however, waste water contains high concentrations of dissolved salts, particularly sodium, that can affect the levels of salinity and sodicity in soils. This, in turn, can diminish the utility of soils for productive agriculture. Astute soil management can often ameliorate these adverse affects but this may require land-use practices that reduce the commercial return from farming activities. It is therefore important to identify the main purpose of effluent disposal areas and to compensate land users appropriately when the operation of the effluent disposal scheme affects farm profitability. If farmers are forced by commercial pressures to adopt inappropriate land use practices on areas used for effluent disposal, the operation of the scheme will be compromised, and there may even be the risk of complete failure. The results of a limited number of experiments investigating the application of effluents to land in northern Victoria are used to demonstrate these risks. The effects on soil chemical properties of applying saline–sodic waste water to land are now well understood. Considerably less certain are the effects of these changes on soil chemical properties, on the physical properties of soils and the way soils behave under various land uses — such as cultivation or grazing by heavy animals. Various approaches to modelling and predicting the impacts on soil of irrigation with saline–sodic waste water are discussed. A number of simple, classification models, based on practical experience and empirical equations, currently provide valuable assistance for land managers. More complex, mechanistic models have been developed that describe successfully the movement of water and salts through soils, given appropriate soil measurements as input parameters. The major limitations now are the availability of soil data at an appropriate scale and an understanding of the ways changes in soil chemical properties affect soil physical properties and subsequent soil behaviour. In particular there is a need to investigate those critical zones at the soil surface or the top of the B horizon where water movement is impeded in sodic soils.

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