Recovery of lacustrine ecosystems after the end-Permian mass extinction

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Zhao ◽  
Daran Zheng ◽  
Guwei Xie ◽  
Hugh C. Jenkyns ◽  
Chengguo Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Fossil Assemblage ◽  
Ca 242 ◽  
The Ordos Basin ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Lacustrine Ecosystem

Abstract The end-Permian mass extinction (EPME; ca. 252 Ma) led to profound changes in lacustrine ecosystems. However, whether or not post-extinction recovery of lacustrine ecosystems was delayed has remained uncertain, due to the apparent rarity of Early and Middle Triassic deep perennial lakes. Here we report on mid–Middle Triassic lacustrine organic-rich shales with abundant fossils and tuff interlayers in the Ordos Basin of China, dated to ca. 242 Ma (around the Anisian-Ladinian boundary of the Middle Triassic). The organic-rich sediments record the earliest known appearance, after the mass extinction, of a deep perennial lake that developed at least 5 m.y. earlier than the globally distributed lacustrine shales and mudstones dated as Late Triassic. The fossil assemblage in the organic-rich sediments is diverse and includes plants, notostracans, ostracods, insects, fishes, and fish coprolites, and thus documents a Mesozoic-type, trophically multileveled lacustrine ecosystem. The results reveal the earliest known complex lacustrine ecosystem after the EPME and suggest that Triassic lacustrine ecosystems took at most 10 m.y. to recover fully, which is consistent with the termination of the “coal gap” that signifies substantial restoration of peat-forming forests.

Chronology of Tectonic Movement of Cratonic Basin: Insight from New Evidences from Ordos Basin, North China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengfa He
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Tectonic Movement ◽  
The Ordos Basin ◽  
Middle Proterozoic ◽  
Cratonic Basin

<p>Craton is the stable unit of the lithosphere. The cratonic basin is thus the sedimentary basin developed upon craton. It has long been recognized as a kind of basin characterized by minor tectonic deformation and stable architecture. With the increasing evidences in the recent years, it is noticed that it has much more mobility, and is controlled not only by the lithospheric plate movements but also by the deep mantle activation. To explore the mobile behaviour of cratonic basin is an important window to address the intra-continental deformation mechanism. Taking the Ordos basin as an example, based on the new deep boreholes, the high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, cores, and the outcrops around the basin, the paper establishes the chronology of tectonic movement around the Ordos basin utilizing the integrated method of the isotopic dating, the bio-stratigraphy, and the sequence stratigraphy. It shows that, the basin developed the ten regional unconformities, underwent multi-period volcanic activities during the Middle Proterozoic, the late Early Paleozoic, the Late Triassic, and the Early Cretaceous. It was subjected to multi-stage compression, such as the Late Ordovician to Devonian, the Late Triassic, the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, and the Neogene to Quaternary. Upon the crystalline basement of the Archaean and the Lower Proterozoic, the basin underwent five distinct extension-compression cycles, such as the extension in middle Proterozoic and compression in late Proterozoic, the extension in Cambrian to early Ordovician and compression in late Ordovician to Devonian, the extension in Carboniferous to middle Triassic and compression in late Triassic, the extension in early to middle Triassic and compression in late Jurassic to Cretaceous, and the extension in Paleogene and compression in Neogene to Quaternary, with a charter of a much longer period of the earlier cycle and a shorter period of the later cycle, and a longer period of extension and a shorter period of contraction in each cycle. The extension-compression cycle controlled the formation and evolution of the Ordos oil and gas super basin.</p>

scholarly journals Re-discussion on the detrital zircon provenance of the lower Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jianchao Liu ◽  
Haidong Zhang ◽  
Yangyang Chen
Keyword(s):  
North China Craton ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
North China ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Yanchang Formation ◽  
The Ordos Basin

AbstractThe Ordos Basin is the second largest sedimentary basin in China. The Yanchang Formation is the key oilbearing layer in the Ordos Basin. The stratigraphic time interval and the stratigraphic division of the Yanchang Formation has been highly debated with estimates ranging from Middle Triassic to Late Triassic. According to the latest studies on the stratigraphical division of Yanchang Formation, it was considered to be deposited as early as the Middle Triassic. Based on this new understanding, we reexamined the previous studies of the detrital zircons from the lower Yanchang Formation. The detrital zircons from the lower Yanchang Formation were divided into three groups based on their U-Pb ages: Paleozoic, Paleoproterozoic, and Neoarchean. The lack of Neoproterozoic U-Pb ages indicates no input from either the Qinling Orogen or the Qilian Orogen. The two older age groups (Paleoproterozoic, and Neoarchean) are likely derived from the North China Craton basement. The Paleozoic zircons were derived from the Inner Mongolia Paleo-uplift. The lower Yanchang Formation was mainly derived from the Inner Mongolia Paleo-uplift instead of being recycled from the previous sedimentary material from the central-eastern North China Craton as was previously hypothesized.

Diversity and distribution of Triassic bryozoans in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Powers ◽  
Joseph F. Pachut
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Diversity Pattern ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
Early Late

Seventy-three species of stenolaemate bryozoans are documented worldwide from the Triassic. Stage-level diversity and paleogeographical analyses reveal that the recovery of bryozoans following the end-Permian mass extinction was delayed until the Middle Triassic. Early Triassic bryozoans faunas, dominated by members of the Order Trepostomida, were depauperate and geographically restricted. Bryozoan diversity increased during the Middle Triassic and diversity peaked in the Carnian (early Late Triassic). High extinction rates throughout the Late Triassic led to the extinction of all stenolaemate orders except the Cyclostomida by the end of the Triassic. Comparisons between global carbonate rock volume, outcrop surface area, and bryozoan diversity indicate that the documented diversity pattern for bryozoans may have been related, in part, to the availability of carbonate environments during the Triassic.

Early and Middle Triassic trends in diversity, evenness, and size of foraminifers on a carbonate platform in south China: implications for tempo and mode of biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction

Paleobiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Payne ◽  
Mindi Summers ◽  
Brianna L. Rego ◽  
Demir Altiner ◽  
Jiayong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Recovery Pattern ◽  
Biotic Recovery ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction

Delayed biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction has long been interpreted to result from environmental inhibition. Recently, evidence of more rapid recovery has begun to emerge, suggesting the role of environmental inhibition was previously overestimated. However, there have been few high-resolution taxonomic and ecological studies spanning the full Early and Middle Triassic recovery interval, leaving the precise pattern of recovery and underlying mechanisms poorly constrained. In this study, we document Early and Middle Triassic trends in taxonomic diversity, assemblage evenness, and size distribution of benthic foraminifers on an exceptionally exposed carbonate platform in south China. We observe gradual increases in all metrics through Early Triassic and earliest Middle Triassic time, with stable values reached early in the Anisian. There is little support in our data set for a substantial Early Triassic lag interval during the recovery of foraminifers or for a stepwise recovery pattern. The recovery pattern of foraminifers on the GBG corresponds well with available global data for this taxon and appears to parallel that of many benthic invertebrate clades. Early Triassic diversity increase in foraminifers was more gradual than in ammonoids and conodonts. However, foraminifers continued to increase in diversity, size, and evenness into Middle Triassic time, whereas diversity of ammonoids and conodonts declined. These contrasts suggest decoupling of recovery between benthic and pelagic environments; it is unclear whether these discrepancies reflect inherent contrasts in their evolutionary dynamics or the differential impact of Early Triassic ocean anoxia or associated environmental parameters on benthic ecosystems.

Middle Triassic lake deepening in the Ordos Basin of North China linked with global sea-level rise

2021 ◽  
pp. 103670
Author(s):  
Xin Jin ◽  
Viktória Baranyi ◽  
Marcello Caggiati ◽  
Marco Franceschi ◽  
Corey J. Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
North China ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
The Ordos Basin ◽  
Global Sea Level

Middle-Late Triassic muddy gravity-flow deposits in the Ordos Basin (China)

2022 ◽  
pp. 395-409
Author(s):  
Renchao Yang ◽  
Aiping Fan ◽  
Zuozhen Han ◽  
A.J. (Tom) van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Gravity Flow ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
The Ordos Basin

scholarly journals The main stage of recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction: taxonomic rediversification and ecologic reorganization of marine level-bottom communities during the Middle Triassic

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11654
Author(s):  
Evelyn Friesenbichler ◽  
Michael Hautmann ◽  
Hugo Bucher
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Bottom Communities ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
Mass Extinction Event ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction

The recovery of marine life from the end-Permian mass extinction event provides a test-case for biodiversification models in general, but few studies have addressed this episode in its full length and ecological context. This study analyses the recovery of marine level-bottom communities from the end-Permian mass extinction event over a period of 15 Ma, with a main focus on the previously neglected main phase during the Middle Triassic. Our analyses are based on faunas from 37 lithological units representing different environmental settings, ranging from lagoons to inner, mid- and outer ramps. Our dataset comprises 1562 species, which belong to 13 higher taxa and 12 ecological guilds. The diversification pattern of most taxa and guilds shows an initial Early Triassic lag phase that is followed by a hyperbolic diversity increase during the Bithynian (early middle Anisian) and became damped later in the Middle Triassic. The hyperbolic diversity increase is not predicted by models that suggest environmental causes for the initial lag phase. We therefore advocate a model in which diversification is primarily driven by the intensity of biotic interactions. Accordingly, the Early Triassic lag phase represents the time when the reduced species richness in the wake of the end-Permian mass extinction was insufficient for stimulating major diversifications, whereas the Anisian main diversification event started when self-accelerating processes became effective and stopped when niche-crowding prevented further diversification. Biotic interactions that might drive this pattern include interspecific competition but also habitat construction, ecosystem engineering and new options for trophic relationships. The latter factors are discussed in the context of the resurgence of large carbonate platforms, which occurred simultaneously with the diversification of benthic communities. These did not only provide new hardground habitats for a variety of epifaunal taxa, but also new options for grazing gastropods that supposedly fed from microalgae growing on dasycladaceans and other macroalgae. Whereas we do not claim that changing environmental conditions were generally unimportant for the recovery of marine level-bottom communities, we note that their actual role can only be assessed when tested against predictions of the biotic model.

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