The Upgrading of the Combined-Cycle Cogeneration Plant with Heat-Recovery Steam Generators for Large Cities of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
M. A. Vertkin ◽  
S. P. Kolpakov ◽  
V. E. Mikhailov ◽  
Yu. G. Sukhorukov ◽  
L. A. Khomenok
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Russian Federation

Modeling of a 27 MW Combined Cycle Cogeneration Plant With Central Cooling Facility

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Nayak ◽  
Erol Ozkirbas ◽  
Reinhard Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Centrifugal Chillers ◽  
Chilled Water

This paper describes the modeling of a 27 MW combined cycle cogeneration plant with 10,000 tons chilled water central cooling facility. The cogeneration plant is designed to provide heating, cooling and electricity from a single fuel source viz., natural gas, though the gas turbines do have an inbuilt dual fuel combustion system. The topping cycle of the combined cycle cogeneration plant consists of two gas turbines each producing 11 MW of electric power at full load. The energy of the exhaust gases from these gas turbines is then utilized to generate steam in two heat recovery steam generators. The heat recovery steam generators are duct fired using natural gas to meet the peak steam load. In the bottoming part of the combined cycle, the steam from the heat recovery steam generators is expanded in a backpressure steam turbine to supply steam to the campus at about 963 kPa, generating an additional 5.5 MW of electric power in this process. There is no condenser wherein the campus acts as a sink for the steam. The central cooling facility is designed to supply 10,000 tons of chilled water out of which 3800 tons is supplied by two steam driven centrifugal chillers, which utilize a part of the steam supplied to the campus and the remaining by the centrifugal electric chillers. The combined cycle cogeneration plant along with the central chilled watercooling facility is modeled in a commercially available flexible cogeneration software package. The model is built based on the design data available from design manuals of gas turbines, heat recovery steam generators, backpressure steam turbine and centrifugal chillers. A parametric study is also done on the model to study the effect of different parameters like fuel flow rate, temperature etc on the output of the turbine and efficiency of the plant. Modeling of the inlet air-cooling of the gas turbine using an absorption chiller and electric chiller is also presented. Finally the paper discusses these results.

Thermoeconomic Simulation of 27 MW Campus Cooling Heating Power (CHP) Plant

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Nayak ◽  
Reinhard Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Centrifugal Chillers ◽  
Chilled Water

This paper describes the modeling of a 27 MW combined cycle cogeneration plant with 10,000 tons of cooling made available as chilled water at the central cooling facility that was designed and is currently operated to provide heating, cooling and electricity to the University of Maryland campus. The topping cycle of the combined cycle cogeneration plant consists of two gas turbines each producing 11 MW of electric power at full load. The energy of the exhaust gases from these gas turbines is then utilized to generate steam in two heat recovery steam generators. The heat recovery steam generators have supplemental duct firing using natural gas to meet the peak steam load. In the bottoming part of the combined cycle, the steam from the heat recovery steam generators is expanded in a backpressure steam turbine to supply steam to the campus at about 963 kPa, generating an additional 5.5 MW of electric power in this process. There is no condenser wherein the campus acts as a sink for the steam. The central cooling facility is designed to supply 10,000 tons of cooling as chilled water out of which 3800 tons is supplied by two steam driven centrifugal chillers, which utilize a part of the steam supplied to the campus and the remaining by the centrifugal electric chillers. The combined cycle cogeneration plant along with the central chilled water-cooling facility is modeled using a commercially available flexible cogeneration software package. The model is built based on the design data available from design manuals of gas turbines, heat recovery steam generators, backpressure steam turbine and centrifugal chillers. Two energy or cost savings opportunities were evaluated using the cogeneration software model. The first is adding inlet air-cooling using either an absorption or electric chiller to increase electrical power output during hot weather. This assessment included estimating kWh savings over a range of ambient temperatures. The second opportunity is using economizers to provide free cooling and reduce the usage of the electric and steam driven chillers. Detailed results of the thermal energy savings as well as the electrical and natural gas cost savings by employing these technologies are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Heat Recovery Steam Generators for Combined Cycles Natural or Forced Circulation Considerations

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akber Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Recovery Steam Generator ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust

In recent years the combined cycle has become a very attractive power plant arrangement because of its high cycle efficiency, short order-to-on-line time and flexibility in the sizing when compared to conventional steam power plants. However, optimization of the cycle and selection of combined cycle equipment has become more complex because the three major components, Gas Turbine, Heat Recovery Steam Generator and Steam Turbine, are often designed and built by different manufacturers. Heat Recovery Steam Generators are classified into two major categories — 1) Natural Circulation and 2) Forced Circulation. Both circulation designs have certain advantages, disadvantages and limitations. This paper analyzes various factors including; availability, start-up, gas turbine exhaust conditions, reliability, space requirements, etc., which are affected by the type of circulation and which in turn affect the design, price and performance of the Heat Recovery Steam Generator. Modern trends around the world are discussed and conclusions are drawn as to the best type of circulation for a Heat Recovery Steam Generator for combined cycle application.

scholarly journals Determinants of City Growth in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Inna Manaeva ◽  
◽  
Alexandra Kanishcheva ◽  
Anna Tkacheva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Positive Effect

Today in Russia there are 1120 cities that are located in the territories with varying degrees of concentration. In the federal districts and regions of the Russian Federation, there is a wide disparity not only in the size of cities, but also in their growth rates. At a decrease in the population in small cities, there is an increase in big towns and cities with more than one million inhabitants. This trend shows the “attraction” of the population from regions into capital cities. The aim of the article is to assess the effects of factors that can influence the growth of a city in the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the analysis of the influence of external (infrastructure, security) and internal (economic, social, infrastructure, human capital, environmental situation) factors on the growth of cities. The paper presents a system of factor indicators of urban growth. Cities of different sizes have different levels of life standard, and therefore author’s methodology was tested in terms of urban sizes: towns, medium-sized cities, large cities, million-plus cities. The significant factors in the growth of millionplus cities in the Russian Federation are the initial population size and average monthly wages. The growth in the population of large cities is negatively affected by the spatial concentration of industrial enterprises. A high level of average monthly wages contributes to an increase in the population of this type of cities. A significant positive impact on the growth of large cities depends on the concentration of mining industry, volume of investments in fixed assets, number of doctors. The concentration of mining industrial production has a positive effect on the basic growth rate of medium-sized cities. The concentration of manufacturing and the volume of investment in fixed assets have a significant positive effect on the growth of small towns. The practical significance of the obtained results consists in the possibility of creation of a methodological toolkit for the assessment of urban systems of the region, which can become the basis for the development of an algorithm for the strategic planning of the spatial development of cities in the Russian Federation.

Heat Recovery Steam Generators of Binary Combined-Cycle Units

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 452-460
Author(s):  
P. A. Berezinets ◽  
G. E. Tereshina
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Generators

Combined Cycle Plants With Frame 9F Gas Turbines

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lugand ◽  
C. Parietti
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Size Factor ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Steam Generators

The new 200 MW class MS 9001F gas turbines allow combined cycle plants to reach even higher output levels and greater efficiency ratings. Size factor and higher firing temperatures, with a three-pressure level steam reheat cycle, offer plant efficiencies in excess of 53 percent. Heat recovery steam generators have been designed to accommodate catalytic reduction elements limiting flue gas NOx emissions to as low as 10 ppm VD (15 percent O2). A range of steam turbine models covers the different possible configurations. Various arrangements based on the 350 or 650 MW power generation modules can be optimally configured to the requirements of each site.

Analysis of Cycling Impacts on Combined Cycle Heat Recovery Steam Generators and Evaluating Future Costs of Countermeasures to Reduce Impacts

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Lefton ◽  
Philip M. Besuner ◽  
G. Paul Grimsrud ◽  
Dwight D. Agan ◽  
Jeffrey L. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost

This paper will discuss cycling heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) at combined cycle plants and observed damaging tube temperature transients in the HRSG. APTECH’s cost of cycling methodology is discussed. HRSG transients are selected and the HRSG tube stresses are analyzed using a computerized model to show the effects of cycling on fatigue life of the tubing. Then selected cycling countermeasures to reduce the effect of these transients will be discussed. A method that calculates the benefits of reducing the cyclic cost of the HRSG component damage will be presented along with a benefit-cost analysis.

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