The β-amylase polymorphism of winter common wheat grains

AbstractThe chemical composition of 4 spring wheat species was analyzed: einkorn (Triticum monococcum) (local cv.), emmer (Triticum dicoccon) (Lamella cv.), spelt (Triticum spelta) (Wirtas cv.), and common wheat (Triticum aestivum) (Rospuda cv.). Mean emmer and einkorn yield was significantly lower than that of common wheat. The analyses of the wheat grain included the content of total protein, crude ash, crude fat, crude fibre, carbohydrates, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The grains of the tested ancient wheats were richer in protein, lipids, crude fibre, and crude ash than the common wheat grains. The significantly highest levels of crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash were found in einkorn. As the protein concentration in the grain increased, the calcium, magnesium, and potassium levels increased, and the zinc and manganese levels decreased. Genotypic differences between the studied wheats were reflected in the concentrations of the minerals and nutrients, an observation which can be useful in further cross-linkage studies. Dough made from common wheat and spelt flour showed better performance quality classifying it to be used for bread production. In turn, flour from emmer and einkorn wheat may be intended for pastry products, due to short dough development time and constancy as well as high softening.

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Biofortification of Common Wheat Grains with Combined Ca, Mg, and K through Foliar Fertilisation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11091718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1718

Author(s):

Francesca Cobalchin ◽

Mirko Volpato ◽

Alberto Modena ◽

Luisa Finotti ◽

Francesco Manni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Wheat ◽

Concentration Ratio ◽

Protein Hydrolysate ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

The Poor ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Lower Extent ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Foliar Fertilisation

Common wheat grains are characterised by low concentrations of Ca, K, and Mg, which can be partially removed with the bran during milling processes. This preliminary study investigated the effects of foliar fertilisation at the earing stage with nitrates of Ca, Mg, and K contemporarily, together with a small amount of urea and protein hydrolysate as potential carriers, in two contrasting common wheat varieties, i.e., Solehio (medium proteins content) and Vivendo (high proteins content). Based on the preliminary grain-to-straw concentration ratio of these minerals, two biofortification targets were applied in order to increase their grain contents by +20% and +40%, in comparison with untreated controls. Here, we demonstrate that the highest fertilisation dose was effective in increasing grain K by 13% and Mg by 16% in Vivendo, and Ca by 7% in Solehio, with no boosting effects of the co-formulants urea and protein hydrolysate. In addition to some qualitative benefits due to nitrates supply, negligible phytotoxicity symptoms were observed, as revealed by the NDVI vegetational index dynamics. Although the biofortification target was not fully achieved, this study firstly reports the possibility to increase at the same time Mg and K, and to a lower extent Ca in wheat grains. It is concluded that efficient multiple biofortification should consider a variety-depend response, while further studies are necessary to investigate the effects of different fertilisation timings and doses for improving the poor mineral translocation to the grains.

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Rheological properties of dough and baking quality of products using coloured wheat

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/62/2018-pse ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 203-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hřivna Luděk ◽

Zigmundová Veronika ◽

Burešová Iva ◽

Maco Roman ◽

Vyhnánek Tomáš ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Water Loss ◽

Specific Volume ◽

Complex Viscosity ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

Baking Quality ◽

Oscillatory Rheometry ◽

Quality Of Products

The experiment included testing of rheological properties of dough as well as the baking quality of bread flour and bran obtained by grinding coloured wheat grains with purple pericarp (cultivars Rosso, Konini and PS Karkulka) and blue aleurone (cv. Scorpion). Common wheat cv. Mulan was used for comparison. Formulas containing 10, 15 and 20% of bran were prepared. The addition of bran increased the water loss during baking by an average of 1.28%, specific volume of bread decreased by 2 to 10 mL, and the ratio number decreased from 0.57 to 0.51. The dynamic oscillatory rheometry simulated processes occurring during baking. A higher content of bran increased the complex viscosity of dough. In the initial stages of heating, the increasing presence of bran promoted dough weakening. Starch gelatinization was also influenced by the content of bran.

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Transport of zinc and manganese to developing wheat grains

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1995.950317.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 449-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. N. Pearson ◽

Z. Rengel ◽

C. F Jenner ◽

R. D. Graham

Keyword(s):

Wheat Grains

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Effect of Protein Content on the Quantity and Size Distribution of Polymeric Protein in Common Wheat

Japanese Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.1626/jcs.80.77 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 77-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mikiko Yanaka ◽

Kanenori Takata ◽

Tatsuya M. Ikeda ◽

Naoyuki Ishikawa

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Common Wheat

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Effect of algae Ecklonia maxima extract (Kelpak SL) on yields of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt wheat

Agronomy Science ◽

10.24326/2019.1.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 5-14

Author(s):

GRZEGORZ SZUMIŁO ◽

LESZEK RACHOŃ ◽

BARBARA KROCHMAL-MARCZAK

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Yield Components ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Favourable Effect ◽

Ecklonia Maxima ◽

Spelt Wheat

The 3-year experiment was concerned with the response of spring forms of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta L. em. Thell.) to the foliar application of a plant growth stimulant (extract from marine algae Ecklonia maxima), with the commercial name of Kelpak SL (GS), as compared to control treatment (C). The following parameters were analysed: yield of grain, yield components (number of ears, weight of 1000 kernels, number and weight of kernels per ear) and physical indicators of grain quality (test weight, uniformity and vitreosity of grain). The study showed that the level of yielding and the yield components were related primarily with the wheat genotype, but they depended also on the agro-climatic conditions and on the algae extract and control experimental treatments. The application of algae extract, compared to the control, caused a significant increase in the yields of the spring wheat species under study, on average by 7.0%. Canopy spraying with algae extract had a favourable effect on the number of ears, on he number and weight of kernels per ear, but it had no effect on the weight of 1000 kernels. The grain quality of durum wheat, spelt wheat and common wheat was affected more strongly by the weather conditions in the successive years of the study and by the genotype than by the foliar application of algae extract. The spelt genotypes were characterised by lower yields and lower grain quality than common wheat and the durum wheat genotypes.

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