Stability of the Supersaturated State of Encapsulated Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-506
Author(s):  
E. E. Bibik ◽  
I. S. Karabanov ◽  
E. V. Sivtsov ◽  
I. Yu. Denisyuk
Keyword(s):  
Supersaturated State

Polymeric precipitation inhibitor as an effective trigger to convert supersaturated into supersaturable state in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 599-608
Author(s):  
Dilpreet Singh ◽  
Manmeet Singh ◽  
Abhay Tharmatt ◽  
Ashok K Tiwary ◽  
Neena Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Supersaturated State ◽  
Drug Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Inhibitor ◽  
Selection Of

The supersaturated state of the drug in vivo is thermodynamically unstable resulting in a delayed response and reduced efficacy. The use of polymeric precipitation inhibitor (PPI) has been demonstrated as an effective trigger for the conversion of supersaturated state to supersaturable state for improving solubilization, thermodynamic maintenance of drug concentration and oral absorption of poorly water-soluble compounds. PPI retards drug precipitation and provides a kinetically stabilized supersaturation state for an extended period in gastric and intestinal fluids. However, the selection of appropriate PPI and understanding its mechanism is a challenge for formulating a stable pharmaceutical formulation. The present review is aimed at understanding the intricacies of selecting PPIs and their applications in pharmaceutical formulations.

Erosion Due to Incipient Cavitation

1948 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-316
Author(s):  
W. T. Bottomley
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Cavitation Erosion ◽  
Cavitation Number ◽  
Free Surface Energy ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Velocity Of Sound ◽  
Supersaturated State

Van Iterson's experiments show that cavitation erosion is produced by the collapse of minute air bubbles in water in a state of air supersaturation. This is contrary to the usual conception that cavitation erosion is due to the collapse of vapour bubbles. The author gives results of experiments which indicate that the bubbles which form and collapse at the stage of incipient cavitation in aerated water are air bubbles in a supersaturated state. The experiments also show that vapour bubbles which collapse in de-aerated water are in thermal equilibrium. It is shown that the collapse of bubbles in thermal equilibrium cannot cause erosion because the vapour pressure inside and the hydrostatic pressure surrounding the bubbles are balanced during collapse. The energy producing cavitation erosion is the free surface energy liberated by the collapse of the air bubbles. The final collapse velocity is the velocity of sound in water and the magnitude of the blow produced is of the order of 120 tons per sq. in. or more. The effect of these views on the interpretation of the model tests in cavitation tunnels and on the cavitation number is discussed.

scholarly journals Ability of gelatin and BSA to stabilize the supersaturated state of poorly soluble drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Pas ◽  
Alina Struyf ◽  
Bjorn Vergauwen ◽  
Guy Van den Mooter
Keyword(s):  
Poorly Soluble Drugs ◽  
Supersaturated State ◽  
Poorly Soluble

Preparation of Electroless Ni-Mo Coated TiC Powder

2010 ◽  
Vol 434-435 ◽  
pp. 522-525
Author(s):  
Wu Peng ◽  
Yong Zheng ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Hai Zhou Yu ◽  
Shao Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Surface Microstructure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Unknown Phase ◽  
Supersaturated State ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ni-Mo coated TiC powders were prepared by electroless plating technique assisted by ultrasonic wave with hydrazine as reducing agent. The surface microstructure of the Ni-Mo coated TiC powders was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The results showed that the as-plated powders, which were of nearly spheric shape, were the composite of TiC and Ni-Mo alloy. The Ni and Mo elements were uniformly distributed around the TiC powders with some plating leakage. In addition, the Ni-Mo plated thin layers on the surface of TiC powders were amorphous or microcrystalline in a supersaturated state. Diffraction peaks corresponding to Ni and Mo weren’t found, and the Ti (NO3)4 and an unknown phase were formed as the load decreased from 15 g/L to 5 g/L.

scholarly journals Supersaturated state of diazepam injection following dilution with infusion fluid

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Onuki ◽  
Naoki Hasegawa ◽  
Chihiro Kida ◽  
Mayumi Ikegami-Kawai ◽  
Masayoshi Tsubuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supersaturated State ◽  
Infusion Fluid

Stabilizing effect of the cyclodextrins additive to spray-dried particles of curcumin/polyvinylpyrrolidone on the supersaturated state of curcumin

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1750-1756
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nogami ◽  
Katsuhiko Minoura ◽  
Nao Kiminami ◽  
Yui Kitaura ◽  
Hiromasa Uchiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
Supersaturated State ◽  
Spray Dried

Behaviour of Natural and Implanted Iron during Annealing of Multicrystalline Silicon Wafers

2005 ◽  
Vol 108-109 ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Macdonald ◽  
Thomas Roth ◽  
L.J. Geerligs ◽  
Andres Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Lifetime ◽  
Slow Cool ◽  
Solubility Limit ◽  
Silicon Wafers ◽  
Multicrystalline Silicon ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Lifetime Measurements ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Supersaturated State

Changes in the concentration of interstitial iron in multicrystalline silicon wafers after high temperature annealing (900°C) have been monitored by carrier lifetime measurements. Two cooling rates were investigated. The first was considered ‘fast’, meaning the interstitial Fe had no time to diffuse to precipitation sites, and should therefore be frozen-in, despite being far above the solubility limit at lower temperatures. A second ‘slow’ cool down to 650°C allowed ample time for the Fe to reach the surfaces or other internal precipitation sites. Surprisingly, in both cases the Fe remained in a supersaturated state. This indicates the precipitation process is not diffusion-limited, and that another energetic barrier to precipitate formation must be present. Since the slow cooling used here is similar to the cooling rate experienced by multicrystalline ingots after crystallisation, this precipitate-impeding mechanism is probably responsible for the surprisingly high interstitial Fe concentrations often found in as-grown multicrystalline silicon wafers.

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