Synthetic TRPO4 crystals as reference samples in the quantitative X-ray electron probe microanalysis of rare-earth elements

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 831-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Lavrent’ev ◽  
I. M. Romanenko ◽  
M. P. Novikov ◽  
L. V. Usova ◽  
V. N. Korolyuk
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reference Samples

scholarly journals Rare Earth Occurrences in Streams of Processing a Phosphate Ore

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaosheng Yang ◽  
Hannu Tapani Makkonen ◽  
Lassi Pakkanen
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Phosphate Ore ◽  
Mineral Liberation ◽  
Efficient Recovery ◽  
Liberation Analysis

Rare earth elements (REEs) are defined as lanthanides with Y and Sc. Rare earth occurrences including the REE-bearing phases and their distributions, measured by rare earth oxides (REOs), in the streams of processing a phosphate ore were determined by using MLA, the mineral liberation analysis and EPMA, the electron probe microanalysis. The process includes an apatite ore beneficiation by flotation and further processing of the beneficiation concentrate with sulfuric acid. Twenty-six, sixty-two and twelve percent of the total REOs (TREO) contents from the ore end up in the products of beneficiation tailings, phosphogypsum (PG) and phosphoric acid, respectively. Apatite, allanite, monazite and pyrochlore are identified as REE-bearing minerals in the beneficiation process. In the beneficiation tailings, the REEs are mainly distributed in monazite (10.3% TREO), apatite (5.9% TREO), allanite (5.4% TREO) and pyrochlore (4.3% TREO). Gypsum, monazite, apatite and other REE-bearing phases were found to host REEs in the PG and the REEs distributions are 44.9% TREO in gypsum, 15.8% TREO in monazite, 0.6% TREO in apatite and 0.6% TREO in other REE-bearing phases. Perspectives on the efficient recovery of REEs from the beneficiation tailings and the PG are discussed.

Rare-earth element determination in minerals by electron-probe microanalysis: application of spectrum synthesis

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. B. Reed ◽  
A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Relative Precision ◽  
Element Determination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Background Measurement ◽  
Spectrum Synthesis

AbstractElectron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) is applicable to rare-earth elements (REE) in minerals with relatively high REE concentrations (e.g. hundreds of parts per million). However, given that each of the 14 REE has at least 12 X-ray lines in the L spectrum, finding peak-free regions for background measurement can be problematical. Also, measured peak intensities are liable to require correction for interferences. Hitherto, little attention has been paid to the optimisation of background offsets and the implications of the wide variation in REE distribution patterns in different minerals. The ‘Virtual WDS’ program, which enables complex multi-element spectra to be synthesised, has been used to refine the conditions used for different REE distributions. Choices include whether to use the Lβ1 rather than the Lα1 line, background offsets, and counting times for comparable relative precision. Correction factors for interferences affecting peak and background measurements have also been derived.

Extraction of Rare Earth from La–Ni Alloys by the Glass Slag Method

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2814-2819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Saito ◽  
Hironori Sato ◽  
Tetsuichi Motegi
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Oxide Phase ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Boron Trioxide ◽  
Ni Alloys

The use of the glass slag method in the extraction of rare earth from La–Ni alloys was studied. X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis studies revealed that the La–Ni alloys produced by the glass slag method using boron trioxide consisted of Ni and Ni3B phases. No La-containing phase such as the LaNi5 phase and the La oxide phase was found in the resultant alloys. The chemical analyses confirmed that the La content in the alloys produced by the glass slag method was very limited. However, the glass slag materials contained a large amount of lanthanum. The La in the La–Ni alloys was successfully extracted by the glass slag method using boron trioxide.

State Analysis of Fluorides with Rare Earth Elements in Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (Part 1, No. 4A) ◽  
pp. 2070-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Takahashi ◽  
Ichiro Minato ◽  
Yuji Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
State Analysis

Use of X-ray Fluorescence Analysis for the Determination of Rare Earth Elements

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractX-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) is a powerful tool for the analysis of solid material. That is the reason why the technique was applied for the determination of rare earth elements (REEs) since about 1970. At present, energy-dispersive XRF and wavelength-dispersive XRF are used for the analysis of pressed powder pellets or fused Li-borate beads containing REEs. The production of reliable results can only be achieved by careful optimization of the parameter, in particular the selection of spectral lines. The quantification is based on a calibration realized by using reference samples.

scholarly journals Syntheses, crystal structures, and comparisons of rare-earth oxyapatites Ca2 RE 8(SiO4)6O2 (RE = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, or Yb) and NaLa9(SiO4)6O2

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1020-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrod V. Crum ◽  
Saehwa Chong ◽  
Jacob A. Peterson ◽  
Brian J. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Similar Unit ◽  
Cell Volumes

Six different rare-earth oxyapatites, including Ca2 RE 8(SiO4)6O2 (RE = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, or Yb) and NaLa9(SiO4)6O2, were synthesized using solution-based processes followed by cold pressing and sintering. The crystal structures of the synthesized oxyapatites were determined from powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) and their chemistries verified with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). All the oxyapatites were isostructural within the hexagonal space group P63/m and showed similar unit-cell parameters. The isolated [SiO4]4− tetrahedra in each crystal are linked by the cations at the 4f and 6h sites occupied by RE 3+ and Ca2+ in Ca2 RE 8(SiO4)6O2 or La3+ and Na+ in NaLa9(SiO4)6O2. The lattice parameters, cell volumes, and densities of the synthesized oxyapatites fit well to the trendlines calculated from literature values.

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