Batch Precipitation of Lead Iodide

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1304
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Nývlt ◽  
Stanislav Žáček
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean

Lead iodide was precipitated by a procedure in which an aqueous solution of potassium iodide at a concentration of 0.03, 0.10 or 0.20 mol l-1 was stirred while an aqueous solution of lead nitrate at one-half concentration was added at a constant rate. The mean size of the PbI2 crystals was determined by evaluating the particle size distribution, which was measured sedimentometrically. The dependence of the mean crystal size on the duration of the experiment exhibited a minimum for any of the concentrations applied. The reason for this is discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of hazes in freshly bottled and aged beers by multiple angle turbidimetry

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
P. Sladký ◽  
R. Koukol
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Distribution Measurement ◽  
Particle Size Distribution Measurement ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dual Angle

The hazes of freshly bottled and aged pale lager beers determined with the 12° and 90° dual angle laboratory hazemeters and 10° to 90° range photogoniometer were compared and evaluated. The instruments were standardised in EBC formazin units. In freshly bottled beer, the forward (12°–25°) haze values were smaller approximately by a factor of three than the nephelometric (90°) values which yielded 0.33 EBC units. In aged beer, the forward haze was greater than the nephelometric one. Whereas the aged beer showed the greatest and the fresh beer the lowest intensity of scattered light, the formazin suspension intensity was in between. Due to the standardisation of the beer scattered intensities by relation to that of formazin, the standardised nephelometric haze in non-aged beer was greater than the forward haze, and vice versa in aged beer. The greater forward than the nephelometric haze in aged beer was caused by the growth of haze particles above the mean size of formazin particles which was larger than 2 μm as confirmed by the particle size distribution measurement.

Continuous Precipitation of Lead Iodide

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1503-1510
Author(s):  
Stanislav Žáček ◽  
Jaroslav Nývlt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Crystal Growth Rate ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Secondary Nucleation ◽  
Equimolar Ratio ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
The Mean

Lead iodide was precipitated from aqueous solutions of 0.015 - 0.1 M Pb(NO3)2 and 0.03 - 0.2 M KI in the equimolar ratio using a laboratory model of a stirred continuous crystallizer at 22 °C. After reaching the steady state, the PbI2 crystal size distribution was measured sedimentometrically and the crystallization kinetics was evaluated based on the mean particle size. Both the linear crystal growth rate and the nucleation rate depend on the specific output of the crystallizer. The system crystallization constant either points to a significant effect of secondary nucleation by the mechanism of contact of the crystals with the stirrer blade, or depends on the concentrations of the components added due to the micromixing mechanism.

scholarly journals MINERAL ABUNDANCE AND PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION DERIVED FROM IN-SITU SPECTRA MEASUREMENTS OF YUTU ROVER OF CHANG’E-3

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W1 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
H. Lin ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
Y. Yang ◽  
X. Wu ◽  
D. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Yutu Rover

From geologic perspective, understanding the types, abundance, and size distributions of minerals allows us to address what geologic processes have been active on the lunar and planetary surface. The imaging spectrometer which was carried by the Yutu Rover of Chinese Chang’E-3 mission collected the reflectance at four different sites at the height of ~ 1 m, providing a new insight to understand the lunar surface. The mineral composition and Particle Size Distribution (PSD) of these four sites were derived in this study using a Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) and Sparse Unmixing (SU) algorithm. The endmembers used were clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine, plagioclase and agglutinate collected from the lunar sample spectral dataset in RELAB. The results show that the agglutinate, clinopyroxene and olivine are the dominant minerals around the landing site. In location Node E, the abundance of agglutinate can reach up to 70 %, and the abundances of clinopyroxene and olivine are around 10 %. The mean particle sizes and the deviations of these endmembers were retrieved. PSDs of all these endmembers are close to normal distribution, and differences exist in the mean particle sizes, indicating the difference of space weathering rate of these endmembers.

POPULATION BALANCE MODEL OF ICE CRYSTALS SIZE DISTRIBUTION DURING ICE SLURRY STORAGE

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 1440001 ◽  
Author(s):  
AIXIANG XU ◽  
ZHIQIANG LIU ◽  
TENGLEI ZHAO ◽  
XIAOXIAO WANG
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Population Balance ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Ice Slurry ◽  
Slurry Storage

Particle size distribution and number of ice crystals have a great influence on the flow and heat transfer performance of ice slurry. A population balance model (PBM) containing population and mass balances has been built to simulate numerically the development of ice particle size distribution during adiabatic ice slurry storage. The model assumes a homogeneously mixed and long-term storage tank in which the effect of breakage and aggregation between ice crystals was considered. For solving the population balance equations (PBEs) in the PBM, a semi-discrete finite volume scheme was applied. Finally, the effect of breakage and aggregation on development of ice particle size distribution was analyzed respectively. The results show that both breakage and aggregation are the two important effects on the particle size distribution and evolution of ice particle during storage, but they have opposite effect on the development of ice crystal size. In storage, breakage and aggregation have almost equivalent effect in the initial phase, but aggregation has dominant effect at last. The PBM results are in good agreement with experimental results by Pronk et al. [Effect of long-term ice slurry storage on crystal size distribution, 5th Workshop on Ice Slurries of the IIR (2002), pp. 151–160]. Therefore, the PBM presented in this paper is able to predict the development of particle size distribution during ice slurry storage.

Analysis of the Mean Diameters and Particle-Size Distribution in Powders

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro González-Tello ◽  
Fernando Camacho ◽  
José. M. Vicaria ◽  
Pedro A. González
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
The Mean

Effect of particle size distribution of UiO-67 nano/microcrystals on the adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solution

CrystEngComm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (38) ◽  
pp. 5672-5676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run-Zhi Zhang ◽  
Yong-qing Huang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ji-Min Yang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

UiO-67 nano/microcrystals with different particle size distributions (PSDs) were successfully obtained by a simple solvothermal method.

scholarly journals Effect of particle size distribution on strength of precipitation-hardened alloys

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2765-2773 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Kulkarni ◽  
K. Krishnamurthy ◽  
S.P. Deshmukh ◽  
R.S. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Dislocation Motion ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Critical Resolved Shear Stress

Aging of precipitation hardened alloys results in particle coarsening, which in turn affects the strength. In this study, the effect of particle size distribution on the strength of precipitation-hardened alloys was considered. To better represent real alloys, the particle radii were distributed using the Wagner and Lifshitz and Slyozov (WLS) particle size distribution theory. The dislocation motion was simulated for a range of mean radii and the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) was calculated in each case. Results were also obtained by simulating the dislocation motion through the same system but with the glide plane populated by equal strength particles, which represent mean radii for each of the aging times. The CRSS value with the WLS particle distribution tends to decrease for lower radii than it does for the mean radius approach. The general trend of the simulation results compares well with the analytical values obtained using the equation for particle shearing and the Orowan equation.

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