Equilibria of Reactions Between Nitrogen Oxides and Calcium Hydroxide

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-762
Author(s):  
Emerich Erdös ◽  
Karel Mocek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Nitrogen Monoxide ◽  
Equilibrium Equations ◽  
Gaseous Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Equilibria ◽  
Partial Pressures

A general analysis of chemical equilibria in a system consisting of the gaseous nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and the solid calcium hydroxide is carried out with respect to the equilibrium partial pressures of nitrogen oxides. The conditions are defined, under which the calcium hydroxide is transformed to the calcium carbonate. The corresponding equilibrium equations are derived for all nine regions of existence of described system. The results are illustrated graphically and discussed from the point of removing the nitrogen oxides from waste gases.

Equilibria of the Reactions Between Nitrogen Oxides and the Sodium Carbonate

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-527
Author(s):  
Emerich Erdös ◽  
Karel Mocek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Nitrogen Monoxide ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
Gaseous Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Equilibria ◽  
Partial Pressures

A general analysis of chemical equilibria in a system consisting of the gaseous nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen and of the solid sodium carbonate is carried out with respect to the equilibrium partial pressures of nitrogen oxides. The pertaining equations are derived for three regions of existence of the above system. The results are represented graphically and discussed from the point of view of removing the nitrogen oxides from the waste gases.

Reactivity of Nitrogen Oxides Towards Sodium Carbonate and Hydrogencarbonate Based Solid Sorbents

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1709-1714
Author(s):  
Erich Lippert ◽  
Pavel Bach ◽  
Květoslava Stejskalová ◽  
Emerich Erdös ◽  
Karel Mocek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Nitrogen Monoxide ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Solid Sorbents ◽  
Lower Reactivity ◽  
Technological Interest

The reactivity of nitrogen oxides towards sodium carbonate and hydrogencarbonate based solids was measured within a range of variables which is of technological interest. The reactivity is significant at lower temperatures only and is not affected by the presence of carbon dioxide or oxygen. Water vapor acts as a catalyst. Nitrogen dioxide is more reactive than nitrogen monoxide. The reactivity of the solid depends substantially on its origin and way of preparation. As compared with SO2 or HCl, nitrogen oxides exhibit a lower reactivity, presumably because the solid is blocked by the reaction products.

Controlled preparation of micro–nano hierarchical hollow calcium carbonate microspheres by pressurized-CO2 carbonization and their CaCO3:Eu3+ photoluminescence properties

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 3033-3042
Author(s):  
Liubin Shi ◽  
Mingde Tang ◽  
Yaseen Muhammad ◽  
Yong Tang ◽  
Lulu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Disodium Salt ◽  
Hollow Microspheres ◽  
Photoluminescence Properties ◽  
Controlled Preparation

Herein, calcium carbonate hollow microspheres with a micro–nano hierarchical structure were successfully synthesized using disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA-2Na) as an additive, by bubbling pressurized carbon dioxide and calcium hydroxide at 120 °C.

REACTIONS BETWEEN SOLID CALCIUM CARBONATE AND ORTHOPHOSPHATE SOLUTIONS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Clark ◽  
R. C. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Stable Product ◽  
Normal Calcium ◽  
Carbonate Equilibrium

Studies of the reactions between solid calcium carbonate and orthophosphate solutions at low partial pressures of carbon dioxide indicated that hydroxyapatite was the stable product formed in these systems. Hydroxyapatite precipitated directly even though dicalcium phosphate formed initially under certain conditions. The reactions with orthophosphate did not seriously disturb the normal calcium carbonate equilibrium with the solution.

scholarly journals Alternative Exhaust Emission Factors from Vehicles in On-Road Driving Tests

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3487
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gis ◽  
Maciej Gis ◽  
Jacek Pielecha ◽  
Kinga Skobiej
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Vehicle Category ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
European Union Legislation ◽  
Do So

On-road driving tests are performed to determine the emission of harmful exhaust compounds from vehicles. These primarily include carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particle number. However, there is a lack of indicators that combine the first three substances that are the most important in assessing the environmental aspects of vehicles. The purpose of this article is to indicate the possibility of assessing emissions in real driving conditions from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles of different categories. In order to do so, a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) and an instrument for measuring the particle number were used. The tests were carried out on routes designed to comply with the requirements and regulations laid down in the European Union legislation. On-road emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particle number have been determined. Factors have been determined as the multiplication of these compounds for each vehicle category in three phases of the test: urban, rural, and motorway. A new way of assessing emissions from vehicles using new factors has been proposed.

A trap for the removal of nitrogen oxides from carbon-11 carbon dioxide

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 765-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Tewson ◽  
William Banks ◽  
Mark Franceschini ◽  
Joan Hoffpauir
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides
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