Increased innate immune responses by interleukin-22 contributes to the inflammatory process in rheumatoid arthritis

Background. Recent studies have shown that the inflammatory process, including the biomarker production, and the intense activation of innate immune responses are greater in the malaria caused byPlasmodium vivaxthan other species. Here, we examined the levels of serum biomarkers and their interaction during acute malaria.Material and Methods. Blood samples were collected fromP. vivax-infected patients at admission and from healthy donors. Levels of serum biomarkers were measured by Cytometric Bead Assay or ELISA.Results.P. vivaxinfection triggered the production of both inflammatory and regulatory biomarkers. Levels of IL-6, CXCL-8, IFN-γ, IL-5, and IL-10 were higher inP. vivax-infected patients than in healthy donors. On the other hand, malaria patients produced lower levels of TNF-α, IL-12p70, and IL-2 than healthy individuals. While the levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were found independent on the number of malaria episodes, higher levels of these cytokines were seen in patients with higher parasite load.Conclusion. A mixed pattern of proinflammatory and regulatory biomarkers is produced inP. vivaxmalaria. Analysis of biomarker network suggests that IL-10 and IL-6 are a robust axis in malaria patients and that this interaction seems to be associated with the parasite load.

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Synoviocyte innate immune responses: TANK-binding kinase-1 as a potential therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/ker154 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 610-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

D. Hammaker ◽

D. L. Boyle ◽

G. S. Firestein

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Therapeutic Target ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Potential Therapeutic Target

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Dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses discriminate disease severity in COVID-19

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiab065 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nico A F Janssen ◽

Inge Grondman ◽

Aline H de Nooijer ◽

Collins K Boahen ◽

Valerie A C M Koeken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Cytokine Production ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Interleukin 17 ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Interleukin 22 ◽

Potential Biomarkers

Abstract The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 varies and the differences in host response characterizing this variation have not been fully elucidated. COVID-19 disease severity correlates with an excessive pro-inflammatory immune response and profound lymphopenia. Inflammatory responses according to disease severity were explored by plasma cytokine measurements and proteomics analysis in 147 COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine production assays and whole blood flow cytometry were performed. Results confirm a hyperinflammatory innate immune state, while highlighting hepatocyte growth factor and stem cell factor as potential biomarkers for disease severity. Clustering analysis reveals no specific inflammatory endotypes in COVID-19 patients. Functional assays reveal abrogated adaptive cytokine production (interferon-gamma, interleukin-17 and interleukin-22) and prominent T cell exhaustion in critically ill patients, whereas innate immune responses were intact or hyperresponsive. Collectively, this extensive analysis provides a comprehensive insight into the pathobiology of severe to critical COVID-19 and highlight potential biomarkers of disease severity.

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Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000143 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 119-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Richard J. Stevenson ◽

Deborah Hodgson ◽

Megan J. Oaten ◽

Luba Sominsky ◽

Mehmet Mahmut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Negative Control ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Immune Markers ◽

Before And After ◽

Secondary Analyses ◽

Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

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