A8.21 Rapid downregulation of inflammatory cytokine production in cultured human macrophages after CTLA4-Ig, dexamethasone, and methotrexate combined treatments

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A90.1-A90
Author(s):  
M Cutolo ◽  
P Montagna ◽  
S Soldano ◽  
A Sulli ◽  
S Paolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine Production ◽  
Human Macrophages

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Delta Spike Protein Enhances the Viral Fusogenicity and Inflammatory Cytokine Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhujun Ao ◽  
Maggie Jing Ouyang ◽  
Titus Abiola Olukitibi ◽  
Xiaojian Yao
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Pseudotyped Virus ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine Production ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Syncytia Formation

The Delta variant is now the most dominant and virulent SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC). In this study, we investigated several virological features of Delta spike protein (SPDelta), including protein maturation and its impact on viral entry of cell-free pseudotyped virus, cell-cell fusion ability and its induction of inflammatory cytokine production in human macrophages and dendritic cells. The results showed that SPΔCDelta exhibited enhanced S1/S2 cleavage in cells and pseudotyped virus-like particles (PVLPs). We further showed that SPΔCDelta elevated pseudovirus infection in human lung cell lines and mediated significantly enhanced syncytia formation. Furthermore, we revealed that SPΔCDelta-PVLPs had stronger effects on stimulating NF-κB and AP-1 signaling in human monocytic THP1 cells and induced significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, released from human macrophages and dendritic cells. Overall, these studies provide evidence to support the important role of SPΔCDelta during virus infection, transmission and pathogenesis.

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