Risk factors for long-bone fractures in children up to 5 years of age: a nested case–control study

AimTo investigate risk factors for first long-bone fractures in children up to 5 years old in order to provide evidence about which families could benefit from injury prevention interventions.MethodsPopulation-based matched nested case–control study using The Health Improvement Network, a UK primary care research database, 1988–2004.Maternal, household and child risk factors for injury were assessed among 2456 children with long-bone fractures (cases). 23 661controls were matched to cases on general practice. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using conditional logistic regression.ResultsFractures of long-bones were independently associated with younger maternal age and higher birth order, with children who were the fourth-born in the family, or later, having a threefold greater odds of fracture compared to first-born children (adjusted OR 3.12, 95% CI 2.08 to 4.68). Children over the age of 1 year had a fourfold (13–24 months, adjusted OR 4.09 95% CI 3.51 to 4.76) to fivefold (37+ months, adjusted OR 4.88 95% CI 4.21 to 5.66) increase in the odds of a long-bone fracture compared to children aged 0–12 months. Children in families with a history of maternal alcohol misuse had a raised odds of long-bone fracture (adjusted OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.82) compared to those with no documented history.ConclusionsRisk factors for long-bone fractures in children less than 5 years old included age above 1 year, increasing birth order, younger maternal age and maternal alcohol misuse. These risk factors should be used to prioritise families and communities for injury prevention interventions.

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Risk Factors for Postpartum Hemorrhage in a Thai–Myanmar Border Community Hospital: A Nested Case-Control Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4633

Author(s):

Waraporn Thepampan ◽

Nuchsara Eungapithum ◽

Krittai Tanasombatkul ◽

Phichayut Phinyo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Community Hospital ◽

Case Control ◽

Border Community ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a common complication of pregnancy and a global public health concern. Even though PPH risk factors were extensively studied and reported in literature, almost all studies were conducted in non-Asian countries or tertiary care centers. Our study aimed to explore relevant risk factors for PPH among pregnant women who underwent transvaginal delivery at a Thai–Myanmar border community hospital in Northern Thailand. An exploratory nested case-control study was conducted to explore risk factors for PPH. Women who delivered transvaginal births at Maesai hospital from 2014 to 2018 were included. Two PPH definitions were used, which were ≥ 500 mL and 1000 mL of estimated blood loss within 24 h after delivery. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors for PPH and severe PPH. Of 4774 women with vaginal births, there were 265 (5.55%) PPH cases. Eight factors were identified as independent predictors for PPH and severe PPH: elderly pregnancy, minority groups, nulliparous, previous PPH history, BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, requiring manual removal of placenta, labor augmentation, and fetal weight > 4000 gm. Apart from clinical factors, particular attention should be given to pregnant women who were minority groups as PPH risk significantly increased in this population.

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Risk factors for suicidal tendency in people with epilepsy in China: a case–control study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81870-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mintao Lin ◽

Jiani Chen ◽

Sisi Li ◽

Yingjie Qin ◽

Xuruan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Low Income ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Conditional Inference ◽

Suicidal Tendency ◽

Patients With Epilepsy ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

AbstractPeople with epilepsy (PWE) have an increased suicide prevalence. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for suicidal tendency among PWE in West China. A nested case–control study was designed in a cohort of patients with epilepsy (n = 2087). In total, 28 variates were calculated. In the univariate analysis, unemployment, low income, seizure frequency, seizure-free time, infectious or structural etiology, levetiracetam or phenobarbital use, anxiety, depression, and stigma were associated with suicidal tendency. A multivariate analysis indicated that unemployment (odds ratio [OR] 5.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.13–15.48), levetiracetam use (OR 2.80, 95%CI 1.11–7.05), depression (C-NDDI-E score ≥ 13; OR 3.21, 95%CI 1.26–8.21), and stigma (SSCI score ≥ 16; OR 6.67, 95%CI 1.80–24.69) were independently associated with suicidal tendency. Conditional inference tree analysis indicated that SSCI and C-NDDI-E scores could effectively identify patients with suicidal tendency. Thus, this study suggests that unemployment, levetiracetam use, depression, and stigma are independent risk factors for suicidal tendency in PWE in China.

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Inflammatory bowel disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol of a prospective registry with a nested case–control study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e039456

Author(s):

Leolin Katsidzira ◽

Wisdom F Mudombi ◽

Rudo Makunike-Mutasa ◽

Bahtiyar Yilmaz ◽

Annika Blank ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Case Control ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

IntroductionThe epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly documented. We have started a registry to determine the burden, phenotype, risk factors, disease course and outcomes of IBD in Zimbabwe.Methods and analysisA prospective observational registry with a nested case–control study has been established at a tertiary hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe. The registry is recruiting confirmed IBD cases from the hospital, and other facilities throughout Zimbabwe. Demographic and clinical data are obtained at baseline, 6 months and annually. Two age and sex-matched non-IBD controls per case are recruited—a sibling or second-degree relative, and a randomly selected individual from the same neighbourhood. Cases and controls are interviewed for potential risk factors of IBD, and dietary intake using a food frequency questionnaire. Stool is collected for 16S rRNA-based microbiota profiling, and along with germline DNA from peripheral blood, is being biobanked. The estimated sample size is 86 cases and 172 controls, and the overall registry is anticipated to run for at least 5 years. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the demographic and phenotypic characteristics of IBD, and incidence and prevalence will be estimated for Harare. Risk factors for IBD will be analysed using conditional logistic regression. For microbial analysis, alpha diversity and beta diversity will be compared between cases and controls, and between IBD phenotypes. Mann-Whitney U tests for alpha diversity and Adonis (Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance) for beta diversity will be computed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Parirenyatwa Hospital’s and University of Zimbabwe’s research ethics committee and the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe. Findings will be discussed with patients, and the Zimbabwean Ministry of Health. Results will be presented at scientific meetings, published in peer reviewed journals, and on social media.Trial registration numberNCT04178408.

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Risk factors for morbidity and mortality of bloodstream infection in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a nested case–control study

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/1756-0500-7-882 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 882 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Dayana Fram ◽

Mônica Taminato ◽

Vinicius Ponzio ◽

Silvia Manfredi ◽

Cibele Grothe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bloodstream Infection ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Risk factors of bacteremia in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: A nested case-control study

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.jiac.2021.03.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shogo Akahoshi ◽

Yoshihiko Morikawa ◽

Hiroshi Sakakibara ◽

Tetsuji Kaneko ◽

Asami Sekine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Classification of long bone fractures in children

Acta Orthopaedica ◽

10.1080/17453674.2017.1289326 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 121-122

Author(s):

Ivan Hvid ◽

Klaus Parsch

Keyword(s):

Bone Fractures ◽

Long Bone ◽

Long Bone Fractures ◽

Fractures In Children

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Risk factors for the development of significant postoperative bleeding after pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: A nested case-control study

Research in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.5812/cardiovascmed.43766 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

JuanCarlos Núñez-Enríquez ◽

IsabelZnaya Ramírez-Flores ◽

Maribel Ibarra-Sarlat ◽

Vivian Neme-Bechara ◽

Alejandro Herrera-Landero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Postoperative Bleeding ◽

Case Control ◽

Pediatric Cardiac Surgery ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Risk factors for progression of juvenile-onset non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis to juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis: a nested case–control study

RMD Open ◽

10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001867 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. e001867

Author(s):

Hao-Guang Li ◽

Dan-Min Wang ◽

Feng-Cai Shen ◽

Shu-Xin Huang ◽

Zhi-Duo Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Case Control ◽

Buttock Pain ◽

Juvenile Onset ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical characteristics of juvenile-onset non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) and to investigate risk factors associated with progression to juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis (JoAS).MethodsA nested case–control study was conducted using the retrospectively collected data of 106 patients with juvenile-onset nr-axSpA (age at disease onset, <16 years) in the Clinical characteristic and Outcome in Chinese Axial Spondyloarthritis study cohort. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and prognosis were reviewed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors associated with progression to JoAS.ResultsOverall, 58.5% of patients with juvenile-onset nr-axSpA presented with peripheral symptoms at disease onset. In 82.1% of these patients, axial with peripheral involvement occurred during the disease course. The rate of disease onset at >12 years and disease duration of ≤10 years were significantly higher in those with progression to JoAS than in those without progression to JoAS (83.0% vs 52.8%, p=0.001; 92.5% vs 56.6%, p<0.001, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that inflammatory back pain (IBP) (OR 13.359 (95% CI 2.549 to 70.013)), buttock pain (OR 10.171 (95% CI 2.197 to 47.085)), enthesitis (OR 7.113 (95% CI 1.670 to 30.305)), elevated baseline C reactive protein (CRP) levels (OR 7.295 (95% CI 1.984 to 26.820)) and sacroiliac joint-MRI (SIJ-MRI) positivity (OR 53.821 (95% CI 9.705 to 298.475)) were significantly associated with progression to JoAS.ConclusionPeripheral involvement was prevalent in juvenile-onset nr-axSpA. IBP, buttock pain, enthesitis, elevated baseline CRP levels and SIJ-MRI positivity in patients with the disease are associated with higher risk of progression to JoAS.

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