Secular trends in early motor development between 1980 and 2010 in Japan

ObjectiveRecent changes in birth characteristics in Japan may have a potential influence on children’s developments. Therefore, we investigated secular trends in gross motor milestones.DesignData were collected from an official Japanese nationwide serial cross-sectional survey conducted every 10 years since 1960. 22 320 participants aged 2–18 months were identified from the four surveys from 1980 to 2010.OutcomesWe assessed whether or not a child achieved four gross motor milestones including rolling over (rolling), sitting without support (sitting), standing with support (standing) and walking alone (walking). The target age was defined as the age when the attainment rate ranged from >5% to >95% of the total. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted.ResultsThe final cohort included 20 570 children. The target ages were determined as follows: 3–6 months for rolling; 5–9 months for sitting; 6–11 months for standing; and 9–15 months for walking. The attainment rates of sitting, standing and walking in 1990 were higher than those in 2010, even after adjusting for child characteristics (sitting: adjusted OR (aOR)=2.07 (95% CI 1.62 to 2.65); standing: aOR=1.63 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.02); and walking: aOR=1.61 (95% CI 1.34 to 1.95)).ConclusionsThe proportion of children who attained three motor milestones (sitting, standing and walking) by set target ages decreased between 1990 and 2010. The contribution of birth characteristics including a decrease in gestational age and fetal growth, as well as changes in other child characteristics, failed to explain why this decrease occurred.

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Chronic disruptive pain in emerging adults with and without chronic health conditions and the moderating role of psychiatric disorders: Evidence from a population-based cross-sectional survey in Canada

Scandinavian Journal of Pain ◽

10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.07.009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 30-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rana A. Qadeer ◽

Lilly Shanahan ◽

Mark A. Ferro

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Regression Models ◽

Daily Functioning ◽

Moderating Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Drug Disorders

AbstractBackground and aimsThere has been a growth in the proportion of emerging adults vulnerable to pain-related sequelae of chronic health conditions (CHCs). Given the paucity of research during this important developmental period, this study investigated the association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain among emerging adults and the extent to which psychiatric disorders moderate this association.MethodsData come from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health (CCHS-MH). This cross-sectional survey included 5987 participants that were 15-30 years of age and self-reported their CHCs (n = 2460,41%) and the extent to which pain impacted daily functioning using items from the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI 3). Group comparisons between respondents with CHCs and healthy controls were made using chi-square tests. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed from ordinal logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Product-term interactions between CHCs and psychiatric disorders were included in the models to explore moderating effects. All analyses were weighted to maintain representativeness of the study sample to the Canadian population.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 23.5 (SE 0.1) years and 48% were female. Compared to healthy controls, a greater proportion of participants with CHCs reported having chronic pain (20.3% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001). Among those with chronic pain, respondents with CHCs reported a greater number of activities prevented because of chronic disruptive pain (χ2 = 222.28, p< 0.001). Similarly, in logistic regression models, participants with CHCs had greater odds of reporting chronic disruptive pain (OR = 4.94, 95% CI = 4.08-5.99). Alcohol (β = –0.66; p = 0.025) and drug abuse/dependence disorders (β = –1.24; p = 0.012) were found to moderate the association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain. Specifically, the probability of chronic disruptive pain was higher for emerging adults without CHCs and with alcohol or drug disorders; however, among participants with CHCs, probability was higher for those without these disorders.ConclusionsThere is a robust association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain. The moderating effects suggest that alcohol or drug disorders are especially harmful for emerging adults without CHCs and contribute to higher levels of chronic disruptive pain; however, among those with CHCs, alcohol and illicit drugs may be used as a numbing agent to blunt chronic disruptive pain.ImplicationsFindings from this study have implications for the integration and coordination of services to design strategies aimed at managing chronic disruptive pain and preventing pain-related disabilities later in life. Within the health system, healthcare providers should engage in dialogues about mental health and substance use regularly with emerging adults, be proactive in screening for psychiatric disorders, and continue to monitor the impact of pain on daily functioning. Given the age range of emerging adults, there is tremendous opportunity for clinicians to work cooperatively with colleagues in the education system to support emerging adults with and without CHCs. Overall, clinicians, researchers, educators, and those in social services should continue to be mindful of the complex interrelationships between physical and mental health and chronic disruptive pain and work cooperatively to optimize health outcomes and prevent pain-related disabilities among emerging adults.

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Physician Perceptions on Quality of Life and Resuscitation Preferences for Extremely Early Newborns

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1733782 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Danielle LoRe ◽

Christopher Mattson ◽

Dalia M. Feltman ◽

Jessica T. Fry ◽

Kathleen G. Brennan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Comfort Care ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Extremely Preterm

Objective The study aimed to explore physician views on whether extremely early newborns will have an acceptable quality of life (QOL), and if these views are associated with physician resuscitation preferences. Study Design We performed a cross-sectional survey of neonatologists and maternal fetal medicine (MFM) attendings, fellows, and residents at four U.S. medical centers exploring physician views on future QOL of extremely early newborns and physician resuscitation preferences. Mixed-effects logistic regression models examined association of perceived QOL and resuscitation preferences when adjusting for specialty, level of training, gender, and experience with ex-premature infants. Results A total of 254 of 544 (47%) physicians were responded. A minority of physicians had interacted with surviving extremely early newborns when they were ≥3 years old (23% of physicians in pediatrics/neonatology and 6% in obstetrics/MFM). The majority of physicians did not believe an extremely early newborn would have an acceptable QOL at the earliest gestational ages (11% at 22 and 23% at 23 weeks). The majority of physicians (73%) believed that having an extremely preterm infant would have negative effects on the family's QOL. Mixed-effects logistic regression models (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) revealed that physicians who believed infants would have an acceptable QOL were less likely to offer comfort care only at 22 (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.65, p < 0.01) and 23 weeks (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07–0.78, p < 0.02). They were also more likely to offer active treatment only at 24 weeks (OR: 9.66, 95% CI: 2.56–38.87, p < 0.01) and 25 weeks (OR: 19.51, 95% CI: 3.33–126.72, p < 0.01). Conclusion Physician views of extremely early newborns' future QOL correlated with self-reported resuscitation preferences. Residents and obstetric physicians reported more pessimistic views on QOL. Key Points

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Influence of the interaction between parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits on prevalence of myopia in school students in Urumqi, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-330190/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haonan Shi ◽

Jing Fu ◽

Xiaojing Liu ◽

Yingxia Wang ◽

Xianting Yong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Unconditional Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Reading ◽

Reading And Writing ◽

Multiplicative Interaction ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Lying Down

Abstract Background: To evaluate the prevalence of myopia in school students in Urumqi, China, and explore the influence of the interaction between parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits on myopia to identify the at-risk population and provide evidence to help school students avoid developing myopia.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 6,883 school students aged 7–20 years in Urumqi in December 2019. The Standard Eye Chart and mydriatic optometry were used to determine whether students had myopia. Falconer’s method was used to calculate the heritability of parental myopia. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors for myopia and the additive and multiplicative interaction of parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits.Results After standardizing the age of the 6,883 students, the overall prevalence rate of myopia was 47.50%. The heritability of parental myopia was 66.57% for boys, 67.82% for girls, 65.02% for the Han group, and 52.71% for other ethnicities. There were additive interactions between parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits; among them, parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits (1) (the distance between the eyes and book is less than 30 cm when reading and writing, fingers block the sight of one eye while holding the pen, and leaning one’s body when reading and writing) increased the risk of myopia by 10.99 times (odds ratio [OR]=10.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]=8.33–14.68), parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits (2) (reading while lying down, walking, or in the car) increased the risk of myopia by 5.92 times (OR=5.92, 95% CI=4.84–7.27). There was no multiplicative interaction between parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits (1) or (2) (OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.44–1.08; OR=0.89, 95% CI=0.66–1.21, respectively).Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among students in Urumqi, Xinjiang is relatively high. The risk of developing myopia is affected by parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits. In addition, parental myopia amplifies the harm caused by poor reading and writing habits, thereby increasing the risk of myopia. Students with parents who have myopia should be targeted during myopia prevention efforts.

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Women’s Autonomy and Support for Wife Beating: Findings From a Population-Based Survey in Jordan

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.25.3.409 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 409-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Natalia Linos ◽

Marwan Khawaja ◽

Mohannad Al-Nsour

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Married Women ◽

Wife Beating ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Hypothetical Scenario ◽

Population Based Survey

The aim of this study is to examine attitudes among married women toward wife beating and to investigate the hypothesis that female individual empowerment is associated with such attitudes within a broader context of societal patriarchy in Jordan. The study uses data from a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of married women (n = 5,390) conducted in 2002. Associations between acceptance of wife beating and several women’s empowerment variables, including decision-making power, as well as other risk factors were assessed, using odds ratios from binary logistic regression models. The key finding is that the vast majority (87.5%) of Jordanian women believe that wife beating is justified in at least one hypothetical scenario, and justification is negatively associated with empowerment variables and some demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic factors.

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Couple relationship problems—a task for the general practitioner? A cross-sectional survey from Norway

Family Practice ◽

10.1093/fampra/cmaa093 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Siri Dalsmo Berge ◽

Eivind Meland ◽

Mette Brekke ◽

Gunnar Tschudi Bondevik ◽

Frode Thuen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

General Practitioner ◽

Regression Models ◽

Good Health ◽

Couple Relationship ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relationship Problems ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

General Practices

Abstract Background A healthy couple relationship is a predictor of good health. There is a lack of knowledge about what role family and couples counselling should have in general practice. Objectives To identify the prevalence of patients who have talked, or want to talk, with their general practitioner (GP) about their couple relationship, to investigate what characterizes these patients and to explore whether they believe that couple relationship problems should be dealt with in general practice. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 70 general practices in Norway during spring 2019. A questionnaire was answered by 2178 consecutive patients (response rate 75%) in GP waiting rooms. Data were examined using frequencies and linear and logistic regression models. Results We included 2097 responses. Mean age was 49.0 years and 61.3% were women. One in four (25.0%) had already talked with their GP about couple relationship problems, while one in three (33.5%) wanted to talk with their GP about their couple relationship problems. These patients more frequently had experience of divorce, poor self-rated health, an opinion that their couple relationship had a significant impact on their health and lower couple relationship quality when adjusted for age, sex, present marital status and children living at home. We found that 46.4% of patients believed that GPs should be interested in their couple relationship problems. Conclusion Relationship problems are frequently addressed in general practice. GPs should be prepared to discuss this issue to facilitate help for couples earlier than they might otherwise expect.

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Determinants and prevalence of relapse among patients with substance use disorders: case of Icyizere Psychotherapeutic Centre

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy ◽

10.1186/s13011-021-00347-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eric Kabisa ◽

Emmanuel Biracyaza ◽

Jean d’Amour Habagusenga ◽

Aline Umubyeyi

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Relapse Prevention ◽

Regression Models ◽

Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Future Studies ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Biological Parents

Abstract Background Relapse to substance use after successful detoxication and rehabilitation is a public health concern worldwide. Forty to sixty percent of persons in general relapsed after completing detoxication and rehabilitation treatments. Although substance use remains a burden in Rwanda, very little is known about relapse among people with substance use disorder (SUD). Hence, this study aimed to examine prevalence and the factors associated with relapse to substance use at Icyizere Psychotherapeutic Centre (IPC), Rwanda. Methods Retrospective, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 391 patients with SUD at IPC. Multiple logistic regression models using STATA version 13 were used to determine the factors associated with relapse among the patients with SUD. Results Majority (84.1 %) of the participants were males. More than half (54.1 %) of them were aged between 18 and 30 years with the age average of 33 years (SD = 11.9 years). The results showed a higher prevalence of relapse among patients with SUD (59.9 %). The multivariate analyses indicated that people with SUD living only with their mothers had a greater risk of relapse compared to those with both biological parents [OR = 1.9, 95 % CI (1.02–3.6), p = 0.04]. Patients that were hospitalized between one to three months were more likely (11.2 times) to relapse after treatments compared to those who spent more than three months in hospitalization [OR = 9.2, 95 % CI (1.1–77.6), p = 0.02]. Furthermore, people that used more than two substances had 1.5 greater risk to relapse than those who consumed one substance. Participants were more likely to relapse if they lived with their peers [OR = 2.4, 95 % CI: (1.2–7.8), p = 0.01] or if they lived in a family with conflicts [OR = 2.1, 95 % CI (1.05–9.7), p = 0.02]. Conclusions This study is conducted at one institution caring for patients with SUD. The prevalence was 59.9 %. Future studies are recommended to investigate the effectiveness of the existing relapse prevention programs in order to adjust prevention strategies.

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COVID-19 testing and vaccine willingness: Cross-sectional survey in a culturally diverse community in Sydney, Australia

10.1101/2021.10.25.21265503 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julie Ayre ◽

Danielle M Muscat ◽

Olivia Mac ◽

Carys Batcup ◽

Erin Cvejic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Culturally Diverse ◽

Linguistically Diverse ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Language Groups ◽

Diverse Community ◽

Sydney Australia

Objective The current study examined patterns in COVID-19 testing and vaccination intentions across multiple language groups in Greater Western Sydney, Australia. Methods Participants completed a cross-sectional survey available from March 21 to July 9, 2021 in Sydney, Australia. Surveys were available in English or translated (11 languages). Participants could complete surveys independently or with support from bilingual staff. Logistic regression models using post-stratification weighted frequencies identified factors associated with testing and vaccination intentions. Results Most of the 708 participants (88%, n=622) were not born in Australia; 31% reported that they did not speak English well or at all (n=220); 70% had no tertiary qualifications (n=497); and 41% had inadequate health literacy (n=290). Most participants reported high testing intention (77.2%, n=546), with differences observed across language groups (p<0.001). The most frequently reported barrier to testing was concerns about infection at the clinic (26.1%). Half (53.0%) reported willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine if recommended to them (n=375); 18% were unwilling (n=127), and the remainder unsure (29%, n=205). These proportions varied significantly by language group (p<0.001). Participants were more likely to be unwilling/hesitant if they were female (p=0.02) or did not use Australian commercial information sources (p=0.01). Concerns about side effects (30.4%, n=102) and safety (23.9%, n=80), were key reported barriers to vaccination. Conclusion Different language groups have unique and specific needs to support uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination. Health services must work collaboratively with culturally and linguistically diverse communities to provide tailored support to encourage COVID-19 testing and vaccination.

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Increases in Alcohol and Cannabis Use Associated with Deteriorating Mental Health among LGBTQ2+ Adults in the Context of COVID-19: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study in Canada, 2020–2021

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182212155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 12155

Author(s):

Trevor Goodyear ◽

Allie Slemon ◽

Chris Richardson ◽

Anne Gadermann ◽

Travis Salway ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Suicidal Thoughts ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, other queer, and Two-Spirit (LGBTQ2+) people are particularly at risk for the psycho-social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, though population-tailored research within this context remains limited. This study examines the extent of, and associations between, increased alcohol and cannabis use and deteriorating mental health among LGBTQ2+ adults in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data are drawn from LGBTQ2+ respondents to a repeated, cross-sectional survey administered to adults living in Canada (May 2020–January 2021). Bivariate cross-tabulations and multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to examine associations between increased alcohol and cannabis use, and self-reported mental health, overall coping, and suicidal thoughts. Five-hundred and two LGBTQ2+ participants were included in this analysis. Of these, 24.5% reported increased alcohol use and 18.5% reported increased cannabis use due to the pandemic. In the adjusted analyses, increased alcohol use was associated with poor overall coping (OR = 2.28; 95% CI = 1.28–4.07) and worse self-reported mental health (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.21–3.25), whereas increased cannabis use was associated with suicidal thoughts (OR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.16–4.55). These findings underscore the need for population-tailored, integrated substance use and mental health supports to address interrelated increases in alcohol/cannabis use and worsening mental health among LGBTQ2+ adults, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

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Influence of the interaction between parental myopia and poor eye habits when reading and writing and poor reading posture on prevalence of myopia in school students in Urumqi, China

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-02058-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Haonan Shi ◽

Jing Fu ◽

Xiaojing Liu ◽

Yingxia Wang ◽

Xianting Yong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Unconditional Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Reading ◽

Reading And Writing ◽

Multiplicative Interaction ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Writing Habit

Abstract Background To evaluate the prevalence of myopia in school students in Urumqi, China, and explore the influence of the interaction between parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits on myopia to identify the at-risk population and provide evidence to help school students avoid developing myopia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 6,883 school students aged 7–20 years in Urumqi in December 2019. The Standard Eye Chart and mydriatic optometry were used to determine whether students had myopia. Falconer’s method was used to calculate the heritability of parental myopia. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors for myopia and the additive and multiplicative interaction of parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits. Results After standardizing the age of the 6,883 students, the overall prevalence rate of myopia was 47.50 %. The heritability of parental myopia was 66.57 % for boys, 67.82 % for girls, 65.02 % for the Han group, and 52.71 % for other ethnicities. There were additive interactions between parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits; among them, parental myopia and poor eye habits when reading and writing (the distance between the eyes and book is less than 30 cm when reading and writing, fingers block the sight of one eye while holding the pen, and leaning one’s body when reading and writing; habit 1) increased the risk of myopia by 10.99 times (odds ratio [OR] = 10.99, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 8.33–14.68), parental myopia and poor reading posture (reading while lying down, walking, or in the car; habit 2) increased the risk of myopia by 5.92 times (OR = 5.92, 95 % CI = 4.84–7.27). There was no multiplicative interaction between parental myopia and habit 1 or habit 2 (OR = 0.69, 95 % CI = 0.44–1.08; OR = 0.89, 95 % CI = 0.66–1.21, respectively). Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among students in Urumqi, Xinjiang is relatively high. The risk of developing myopia is affected by parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits. In addition, parental myopia amplifies the harm caused by poor reading and writing habits, thereby increasing the risk of myopia. Students with parents who have myopia should be targeted during myopia prevention efforts.

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Community knowledge, perceptions and practices around COVID-19 in Sierra Leone: a nationwide, cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040328 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e040328

Author(s):

Paul Sengeh ◽

Mohammad B Jalloh ◽

Nance Webber ◽

Ibrahim Ngobeh ◽

Thomas Samba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sierra Leone ◽

Regression Models ◽

Strong Association ◽

Communication Strategy ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

High Knowledge ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

ObjectivesTo assess the public’s knowledge, attitudes and practices about the novel coronavirus in Sierra Leone to inform an evidence-based communication strategy around COVID-19.DesignNationwide, cross-sectional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices survey.Setting56 randomly selected communities in all 14 districts in Sierra Leone.Participants1253 adults aged 18 years and older of which 52% were men.Main outcome measuresWe calculated proportions of core indicators (awareness, knowledge, risk perception, practices). A composite variable for knowledge (based on seven variables) was created, and categorised into low (0–2 correct), medium (3–4) and high (5–7). Predictors of knowledge were analysed with multilevel ordinal regression models. Associations between information sources, knowledge and two practices (washing hands with soap and avoiding crowds) were analysed using multilevel logistic regression models.ResultsWe found that 75% of the respondents felt at moderate or great risk of contracting coronavirus. A majority (70%) of women did not know you can survive COVID-19, compared with 61% of men. 60% of men and 54% of women had already taken action to avoid infection with the coronavirus, mostly washing hands with soap and water (87%). Radio (73%) was the most used source for COVID-19 information, followed by social media (39%). Having a medium or high level of knowledge was associated with higher odds of washing hands with soap (medium knowledge: adjusted OR (AOR) 2.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 4.4; high knowledge: AOR 4.6, 95% CI 2.1 to 10.2) and avoiding crowds (medium knowledge: AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6; high knowledge: AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.3).ConclusionsThis study shows that in the context of COVID-19 in Sierra Leone, there is a strong association between knowledge and practices. Because the knowledge gap differs between genders, regions, educational levels and age, it is important that messages are specifically targeted to these core audiences.

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