Choroidal luminal and stromal areas and choriocapillaris perfusion are characterised by a non-linear quadratic relation in healthy eyes

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Borrelli ◽  
Maria Cristina Gabela ◽  
Riccardo Sacconi ◽  
Lea Querques ◽  
Giovanna Vella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Linear

PurposeTo assess the associations among different optical coherence tomography (OCT) structural and angiography quantitative metrics used to characterise the choroid in healthy subjects.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, macular structural OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) images were acquired from healthy subjects. The main outcome measures were: (i) choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficits percentage (FD%), (ii) choroidal luminal (LA) and stromal (SA) areas and (iii) choroidal vascularity index (CVI), which was calculated as the LA divided by the total choroidal area. These measurements were generated using previously published algorithms and were separately computed in the foveal and extrafoveal regions.ResultsEighty-five eyes from 85 subjects (44 males, 41 females) were included in the analysis. Mean±SD age was 47.9±22.4 years (range: 19.0 to 85.0 years). Linear regression analysis displayed no significant associations between CC FD% and other parameters (LA, SA and CVI). Importantly, non-linear regression analysis showed that the relations of LA and SA to CC FD% were all best fitted by a quadratic function. Compared with the linear models, the use of the quadratic function allowed a relative increase in the R2 coefficients. No significant non-linear associations were found between CC FD% and CVI.ConclusionBased on our models, changes in the luminal and stromal areas in the choroid lead to an initial increase in CC perfusion. Subsequently, further increases in LA and SA amounts are accompanied by a progressive increment in CC FD%.

Cross-Sectional Examination of Homocysteine Levels with Sarcopenia and Its Components in Memory Clinic Outpatients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Hiroyuki Umegaki ◽  
Fumie Kinoshita ◽  
Chi Hsien Huang ◽  
Taiki Sugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Homocysteine is a common risk factor for cognitive impairment and sarcopenia. However, very few studies have shown an association between sarcopenia and serum homocysteine levels after adjustment for cognitive function. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between homocysteine and sarcopenia in memory clinic patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated outpatients in a memory clinic. We enrolled 1,774 participants (≥65 years old) with measured skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), hand grip strength (HGS), and homocysteine. All participants had undergone cognitive assessments and were diagnosed with dementia, mild cognitive impairment, or normal cognition. Patient characteristics were compared according to sarcopenia presence, SMI level, or HGS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association of homocysteine with sarcopenia, low SMI, or low HGS. Next, linear regression analysis was performed using HGS as a continuous variable. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that low HGS was significantly associated with homocysteine levels (p = 0.002), but sarcopenia and low SMI were not. In linear regression analysis, HGS was negatively associated with homocysteine levels after adjustment for Mini-Mental State Examination score (β= –2.790, p <  0.001) or clinical diagnosis of dementia (β= –3.145, p <  0.001). These results were similar for men and women. Conclusion: Our results showed a negative association between homocysteine and HGS after adjustment for cognitive function. Our findings strengthen the assumed association between homocysteine and HGS. Further research is needed to determine whether lower homocysteine levels lead to prevent muscle weakness.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and gut-derived lipopolysaccharides in children affected by Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Loffredo ◽  
Alberto Spalice ◽  
Francesca Salvatori ◽  
De Castro Giovanna ◽  
Cristiana Alessia Guido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections syndrome (PANDAS) identifies patients with acute onset of obsessive-compulsive and tic disorders. The objective of this study was to assess NOX2 levels, as well as serum 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (iso-PGF2α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Gram-negative bacteria in the gut of patients with PANDAS. Methods: a cross sectional study was performed to compare serum levels of soluble NOX2-dp (sNOX-2-dp), isoprostanes and LPS in 60 consecutive subjects, including 30 children affected by PANDAS and 30 controls (CT) matched for age and gender. Serum zonulin was used to assess gut permeability. Results: compared with CT, PANDAS children had higher values of sNOX-2-dp, 8-iso-PGF2-alpha and LPS. Simple linear regression analysis showed that sNOX2-dp was significantly correlated with serum LPS (Rs=0.359; p=0.005), zonulin (Rs=0.444; p<0.001) and iso-PGF2α (Rs=0.704; p<0.001). LPS significantly correlated with serum zonulin (Rs=0.610; p<0.001), and iso-PGF2α (Rs=0.591; p=0.001). A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to define the independent predictors of sNOX-2-dp. Isoprostanes and zonulin emerged as the only independent predictive variables associated with sNOX2-dp (R2=68%). Conclusion: this study provides evidences that children affected by PANDAS have high circulating levels of sNOX2-dp, isoprostanes and of LPS that could be potentially implicated in the process of neuroinflammation.

Optimising the Production of Combined Filter/Sorption Composite Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
A.V. Genis ◽  
A.V. Kuznetsov ◽  
G.M. Il'yutkina ◽  
L.V. Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Service Properties ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Bonding Technology

The main relationships governing the production of combined filter/sorption materials by plying-up with the application of adhesive melts have been studied. It has been established that the use of single-stage bonding technology makes it possible to improve the physical and physicomechanical properties of multilayer non-woven mats. The possibility of optimising the plying-up process by using multiple non-linear regression analysis has been demonstrated. Materials with service properties suitable for use in protective clothing have been obtained.

scholarly journals Hospitalization costs among immobile patients with hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongpeng Liu ◽  
Chen Zhu ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Jing Jiao ◽  
Baoyun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Hospital Charges ◽  
Hospital Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hospitalization Costs

Abstract Background In this study, we aimed to analyze the hospitalization costs for immobile patients with hemorrhagic stroke (IHS) or ischemic stroke (IIS) in China and to determine the factors associated with hospitalization costs. Methods We evaluated patients with IHS and IIS hospitalized between November 2015 and July 2016 in six provinces or municipality cities of China. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the association with hospitalization costs and predictors. Results In total, 1573 patients with IHS and 3143 with IIS were enrolled and analyzed. For IHS and IIS, the average length of stay (LoS) was 17.40 ± 12.3 and 14.47 ± 11.55 days. The duration of immobility was 12.11 ± 9.98 and 7.36 ± 9.77 days, respectively. Median hospitalization costs were RMB 47000.68 (interquartile range 19,827.37, 91,877.09) for IHS and RMB 16578.44 (IQR 7020.13, 36,357.65) for IIS. In both IHS and IIS groups, medicine fees accounted for more than one-third of hospitalization costs. Materials fees and medical service fees accounted for the second and third largest proportions of hospital charges in both groups. Linear regression analysis showed that LoS, hospital level, and previous surgery were key determinants of hospitalization costs in all immobile patients with stroke. Subgroup analysis indicated that hospital level was highly correlated with hospitalization costs for IHS whereas pneumonia and deep vein thrombosis were key factors associated with hospitalization costs for IIS. Conclusions We found that hospitalization costs were notably higher in IHS than IIS, and medicine fees accounted for the largest proportion of hospitalization costs in both patient groups, perhaps because most patients ended up with complications such as pneumonia thereby requiring more medications. LoS and hospital level may greatly affect hospitalization costs. Increasing the reimbursement ratio of medical insurance for patients with IHS is recommended. Decreasing medicine fees and LoS, preventing complications, and improving treatment capability may help to reduce the economic burden of stroke in China.

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