Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity from young adulthood to middle age and metabolic disease: a 30-year population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2021-104231
Author(s):  
Jason M Nagata ◽  
Eric Vittinghoff ◽  
Kelley Pettee Gabriel ◽  
Andrea K Garber ◽  
Andrew E Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Active Group ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

ObjectivesTo determine the association between moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) trajectories (course over age and time) through the adult life course and onset of metabolic disease (diabetes and dyslipidaemia).MethodsWe analysed prospective community-based cohort data of 5115 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who were black and white men and women aged 18–30 years at baseline (1985–1986) at four urban sites, collected through 30 years of follow-up. Individualised MVPA trajectories were developed for each participant using linear mixed models.ResultsLower estimated MVPA score at age 18 was associated with a 12% (95% CI 6% to 18%) higher odds of incident diabetes, a 4% (95% CI 1% to 7%) higher odds of incident low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and a 6% (95% CI 2% to 11%) higher odds of incident high triglycerides. Each additional annual 1-unit reduction in the MVPA score was associated with a 6% (95% CI 4% to 9%) higher annual odds of diabetes incidence and a 4% (95% CI 2% to 6%) higher annual odds of high triglyceride incidence. Analysing various MVPA trajectory groups, participants who were in the most active group at age 18 (over 300 min/week), but with sharp declines in midlife, had higher odds of high low-density lipoprotein and low HDL incidence, compared with those in the most active group at age 18 with subsequent gains.ConclusionGiven recent trends in declining MVPA across the life course and associated metabolic disease risk, young adulthood is an important time period for interventions to increase and begin the maintenance of MVPA.

Influence of time spent on TV viewing and vigorous intensity physical activity on cardiovascular biomarkers. The Inter 99 study

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Aadahl ◽  
Michael Kjær ◽  
Torben Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

Introduction Sedentary behaviour, especially TV viewing, has been identified as a possible risk factor for cardiovascular disease, whereas physical activity seems to protect against major cardiovascular risk factors: obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The aim of this study was to explore the association between both time spent on TV viewing and vigorous intensity physical activity in relation to body mass index, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, serum lipids and blood pressure. Methods A total of 1693 men and women, 33-64 years of age, from the 3-year follow-up of a population-based intervention study, The Inter 99 study, were included in this cross-sectional design. Information on TV viewing, physical activity and other lifestyle habits was obtained by self-report questionnaire. Associations between TV viewing/physical activity and biological cardiovascular risk factors were explored by multiple linear regression analyses. Results Data from 835 (51%) men and 805 (49%) women were included. Mean age was 50.8 years (33.0-64.6). Men had a higher overall physical activity score than women ( P < 0.0001). TV viewing was significantly, positively associated with waist/hip ratio ( P = 0.005), body mass index ( P = 0.03), triglycerides ( P = 0.005), low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = 0.03), total cholesterol ( P = 0.01), systolic ( P = 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure ( P = 0.03), but not with waist circumference and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Engaging in vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with higher HDL ( P = 0.0006) and lower waist circumference ( P < 0.0001). Conclusion TV viewing and physical activity should be regarded as separate types of behaviour that relate to different cardiovascular disease risk factors. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 14:660-665 © 2007 The European Society of Cardiology

Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity across the life course and risk of pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay C. Kobayashi ◽  
Ian Janssen ◽  
Harriet Richardson ◽  
Agnes S. Lai ◽  
John J. Spinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Life Course

scholarly journals High-intensity activity is more strongly associated with metabolic health in children compared to sedentary time: a cross-sectional study of the I.Family cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan Fridolfsson ◽  
Christoph Buck ◽  
Monica Hunsberger ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Fabio Lauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) during childhood is important for preventing future metabolic syndrome (MetS). To examine the relationship between PA and MetS in more detail, accurate measures of PA are needed. Previous studies have only utilized a small part of the information available from accelerometer measured PA. This study investigated the association between measured PA and MetS in children with a new method for data processing and analyses that enable more detailed interpretation of PA intensity level. Methods The association between PA pattern and risk factors related to MetS was investigated in a cross- sectional sample of children (n = 2592, mean age 10.9 years, 49.4% male) participating in the European multicenter I. Family study. The risk factors examined include body mass index, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance and a combined risk factor score (MetS score). PA was measured by triaxial accelerometers and raw data was processed using the 10 Hz frequency extended method (FEM). The PA output was divided into an intensity spectrum and the association with MetS risk factors was analyzed by partial least squares regression. Results PA patterns differed between the European countries investigated, with Swedish children being most active and Italian children least active. Moderate intensity physical activity was associated with lower insulin resistance (R2 = 2.8%), while vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with lower body mass index (R2 = 3.6%), MetS score (R2 = 3.1%) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (R2 = 2.3%). PA of all intensities was associated with lower systolic- and diastolic blood pressure, although the associations were weaker than for the other risk factors (R2 = 1.5% and R2 = 1.4%). However, the multivariate analysis implies that the entire PA pattern must be considered. The main difference in PA was observed between normal weight and overweight children. Conclusions The present study suggests a greater importance of more PA corresponding to an intensity of at least brisk walking with inclusion of high-intense exercise, rather than a limited time spent sedentary, in the association to metabolic health in children. The methods of data processing and statistical analysis enabled accurate analysis and interpretation of the health benefits of high intensity PA that have not been shown previously.

Metabolic and lifestyle determinants of glycemic variability in persons at high risk of type 2 diabetes: a study with continuous monitoring of diet, physical activity, and glucose level. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Hyun Park ◽  
Jiali Yao ◽  
Clare Whitton ◽  
Xin Hui Chua ◽  
Suresh Rama Chandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Time In Range ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Mean Glucose

BACKGROUND Frequent and large fluctuations in blood glucose concentration during the day may increase risk of type 2 diabetes. It remains unclear how diet and physical activity affect glycemic variability in real-world conditions in persons without diabetes. OBJECTIVE We examined metabolic and lifestyle determinants (diet, physical activity, and sleep) of blood glucose levels over a seven-day period in people at high risk for diabetes METHODS Twenty-eight participants with a mean age of 46.0 (SD 9.9) years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.5 (SD 1.8) kg/m2 underwent a mixed meal tolerance test to assess glucose homeostasis at baseline. Subsequently, they wore an accelerometer to assess movement behaviors, recorded their dietary intakes through a mobile phone application, and wore a flash glucose monitoring device that measured glucose levels every 15 min for seven days. Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the associations of metabolic and lifestyle risk factors with daily mean glucose levels (mmol/L), the coefficient of variation (CV%) of glucose levels, and time-in-range (3.0 to 7.8 mmol/L, %). RESULTS A higher BMI (β = 0.12 per kg/m2; P = 0.01), body fat (β = 0.03 per kg; P = 0.01), and selected markers of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance from the meal tolerance test were associated with higher mean glucose levels during the seven days. Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (β = -1.77 per hr./d, P = 0.008) and polyunsaturated fat intake (β = -2.23 per 5 energy %, P < 0.001) were independently associated with less variation in glucose levels (CV%). Higher protein (β = 0.90, P = 0.007) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (β = 3.21, P = 0.02) intakes were associated with more time-in-range. In contrast, higher carbohydrates intake was associated with less time-in-range (β = -0.59, P = 0.04). Sleep, sedentary behavior, or light intensity physical activity were not independently associated with glucose measures. CONCLUSIONS Body fatness was associated with higher mean glucose levels, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with less glycemic variability throughout a week. Diets with higher protein and polyunsaturated fat, and lower carbohydrates were associated with more time in normal glucose range. Physical activity and dietary composition can substantially influence glucose variation in people at high risk of diabetes.

scholarly journals Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity Across 3 Trimesters of Pregnancy: The Monitoring Movement and Health Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bethany Barone Gibbs ◽  
Melissa A. Jones ◽  
John M. Jakicic ◽  
Arun Jeyabalan ◽  
Kara M. Whitaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Objectively Measured

Background: Though moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity is recommended, limited research exists on sedentary behavior (SED) during pregnancy. Methods: The authors conducted a prospective cohort study to describe objectively measured patterns of SED and activity during each trimester of pregnancy. Women wore thigh- (activPAL3) and waist-mounted (ActiGraph GT3X) activity monitors. SED and activity were compared across trimesters using likelihood ratio tests and described using group-based trajectories. Exploratory analyses associated SED and activity trajectories with adverse pregnancy outcomes and excessive gestational weight gain. Results: Pregnant women (n = 105; mean [SD] age = 31 [5] y; prepregnancy body mass index = 26.2 [6.6] kg/m2) had mean SED of 9.7, 9.5, and 9.5 hours per day (P = .062) across trimesters, respectively. Some activities differed across trimesters: standing (increased, P = .01), stepping (highest in second trimester, P = .04), steps per day (highest in second trimester, P = .008), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (decreased, P < .001). Prolonged SED (bouts ≥ 30 min) and bouted moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (≥10 min) were stable (P > .05). In exploratory analyses, higher SED and lower standing, stepping, and steps per day trajectories were associated with increased odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes (P < .05). No trajectories were associated with excessive gestational weight gain. Conclusions: Pregnant women exhibited stable SED of nearly 10 hours per day across pregnancy. Future research evaluating SED across pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcome risk is warranted.

Abstract P063: The Association Between Physical Activity and Fasting and 2-Hour Glucose in US Adults: NHANES 2013-2014

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R Sparks ◽  
Xuewen F Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Background: Glucose concentrations in a fasted and during a glucose challenged state rely on different mechanisms for regulation. In a fasted state, hepatic regulation of glucose is important; while in a glucose challenged state, muscle glucose disposal becomes more important. Evidence suggests that physical activity of moderate or higher intensities can increase muscle glucose disposal during an insulin-stimulated state, but has less effect on hepatic insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between glucose concentrations (fasting and after an oral glucose ingestion) and minutes of physical activity at moderate- and vigorous-intensity in a large population. Methods: The sample included 2,807 adults (47.4% male and 52.6% female) aged 18-80 years who participated in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2013-2014 and who did not take any diabetic medications. Minutes being physically active at moderate- and vigorous-intensities during work, and recreationally, were collected using the Physical Activity Questionnaire, which was based on the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Moderate-intensity physical activity was defined as any activity that caused a small increase in breathing or heart rate, while vigorous-intensity physical activity was defined as large increases in breathing or heart rate. Both intensities had to be performed for a minimum of 10 continuous minutes. Plasma glucose concentrations at fasting and 2 hours after consumption of a drink containing 75g glucose (2-hour glucose) were determined. Pearson product correlations were performed for analysis. Results: The population had 141±133 (mean±SD) minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity during work and 63±56 minutes recreationally, as well as 174±156 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity during work and 77±56 minutes recreationally. Minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity performed during work was associated with 2-hour plasma glucose concentrations (r=0.15; p=0.045); this association was not affected after adjusting for age, race, and sex (p=0.049), but was no longer significant after BMI was also adjusted (p=0.059). Recreational or total minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity, and moderate-intensity physical activity was not associated with 2-hour glucose (p>0.20). Additionally, none of the physical activity minutes was associated with fasting glucose (p>0.27). Conclusion: Self-reported vigorous-intensity physical activity during work was positively associated with 2-hour glucose, but not fasting glucose. The results are surprising. Further studies with objective physical activity measures are needed to examine the associations with fasting and 2-hour glucose.

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