scholarly journals Incidence of diabetes in South Asian young adults compared to Pima Indians

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001988
Author(s):  
K M Venkat Narayan ◽  
Dimple Kondal ◽  
Sayuko Kobes ◽  
Lisa R Staimez ◽  
Deepa Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Pima Indians ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indian Men ◽  
Design And Methods

IntroductionSouth Asians (SA) and Pima Indians have high prevalence of diabetes but differ markedly in body size. We hypothesize that young SA will have higher diabetes incidence than Pima Indians at comparable body mass index (BMI) levels.Research design and methodsWe used prospective cohort data to estimate age-specific, sex, and BMI-specific diabetes incidence in SA aged 20–44 years living in India and Pakistan from the Center for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia Study (n=6676), and compared with Pima Indians, from Pima Indian Study (n=1852).ResultsAt baseline, SA were considerably less obese than Pima Indians (BMI (kg/m2): 24.4 vs 33.8; waist circumference (cm): 82.5 vs 107.0). Age-standardized diabetes incidence (cases/1000 person-years, 95% CI) was lower in SA than in Pima Indians (men: 14.2, 12.2–16.2 vs 37.3, 31.8–42.8; women: 14.8, 13.0–16.5 vs 46.1, 41.2–51.1). Risk of incident diabetes among 20–24-year-old Pima men and women was six times (relative risk (RR), 95% CI: 6.04, 3.30 to 12.0) and seven times (RR, 95% CI: 7.64, 3.73 to 18.2) higher as compared with SA men and women, respectively. In those with BMI <25 kg/m2, however, the risk of diabetes was over five times in SA men than in Pima Indian men. Among those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, diabetes incidence in SA men was nearly as high as in Pima men. SA and Pima Indians had similar magnitude of association between age, sex, BMI, and insulin secretion with diabetes. The effect of family history was larger in SA, whereas that of insulin resistance was larger in Pima IndiansConclusionsIn the background of relatively low insulin resistance, higher diabetes incidence in SA is driven by poor insulin secretion in SA men. The findings call for research to improve insulin secretion in early natural history of diabetes.

scholarly journals Improvements in Glycemic Control After Acute ModerateIntensity Continuous or HighIntensity Interval Exercise Are Greater in South Asians Than White Europeans With Nondiabetic Hyperglycemia: A Randomized Crossover Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Sargeant ◽  
Charlotte Jelleyman ◽  
Nicole A. Coull ◽  
Charlotte L. Edwardson ◽  
Joseph Henson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Insulin Responses

<i>Objective:</i> To examine whether circulating metabolic responses to low-volume high-intensity interval (LV-HIIE) or continuous moderate-intensity aerobic (CME) exercise differ between white Europeans and South Asians with nondiabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH). <div><p><i>Research Design and Methods:</i> 13 white Europeans and 10 South Asians (combined median (IQR) age 67 (60–68) years, HbA1c 5.9 (5.8–6.1)% [41.0 (39.9–43.2) mmol·mol<sup>-1</sup>]) completed three 6-hour conditions (sedentary control [CON], LV-HIIE, CME) in a randomised order. Exercise conditions contained a single bout of LV-HIIE and CME respectively (each ending at 2h), with meals provided at 0 and 3h. Circulating glucose (primary outcome), insulin, insulin resistance index (IRI), triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acids were measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 3.5, 4, 5 and 6h. Data were analysed as post-exercise time-averaged area under the curve (AUC), adjusted for age, sex and pre-exercise AUC.</p> <p><i>Results:</i> Glucose was similar in each condition and ethnicity, with no condition-by-ethnicity interaction (<i>P</i>≥0.28). However, insulin was lower in LV-HIIE (mean [95% CI]: -44.4 [-23.7, -65.1] mU·L<sup>-1</sup>) and CME (-33.8 [-13.7, -53.9] mU·L<sup>-1</sup>) compared to CON. Insulin responses were greater in South Asians (interaction <i>P</i>=0.03) such that values were similar in each ethnicity during exercise conditions, despite being 33% higher in South Asians during CON. IRI followed a similar pattern to insulin. Lipids were unaffected by exercise.</p> <p><i>Conclusions:</i> Reductions in insulin and insulin resistance after acute LV-HIIE and CME are greater in South Asians than white Europeans with NDH. Further trials are required to examine longer-term impact of LV-HIIE and CME on cardiometabolic health.</p> </div> <br>

scholarly journals Liver Enzymes Are Associated With Hepatic Insulin Resistance, Insulin Secretion, and Glucagon Concentration in Healthy Men and Women

Diabetes ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1660-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bonnet ◽  
P.-H. Ducluzeau ◽  
A. Gastaldelli ◽  
M. Laville ◽  
C. H. Anderwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Glucagon Concentration

Exaggerated insulin secretion in Pima Indians and African-Americans but higher insulin resistance in Pima Indians compared to African-Americans and Caucasians

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1090-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Stefan ◽  
M. Stumvoll ◽  
C. Weyer ◽  
C. Bogardus ◽  
P. A. Tataranni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Pima Indians

scholarly journals Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms With Insulin Secretion, Insulin Sensitivity, and Diabetes in Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Prasad ◽  
Karl Kristensen ◽  
Anastasia Katsarou ◽  
Nael Shaat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Disposition Index ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
History Of

Abstract Aims: This study investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reported by previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to be associated with impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and/or type 2 diabetes are associated with disposition index, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and/or development of diabetes following a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods: Seventy-two SNPs were genotyped in 374 women with previous GDM from Southern Sweden. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed 1–2 years postpartum, although data on the diagnosis of diabetes were accessible up to 5 years postpartum. HOMA-IR and disposition index were used to measure insulin resistance and secretion, respectively. Results: The risk A-allele in the rs11708067 polymorphism of the adenylate cyclase 5 gene (ADCY5) was associated with decreased disposition index (beta = -0.90, SE 0.38, p = 0.019). This polymorphism was an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in islets for both ADCY5 and its antisense transcript. The risk C-allele in the rs2943641 polymorphism, near the insulin receptor substrate 1 gene (IRS1), was associated with increased HOMA-IR (beta = 0.36, SE 0.18, p = 0.050), and the T-allele of the rs4607103 polymorphism, near the ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 9 gene (ADAMTS9), was associated with postpartum diabetes (OR = 2.12, SE 0.22, p = 0.00055). All analyses were adjusted for age, body mass index, and ethnicity.Conclusions: This study demonstrated the genetic susceptibility of women with a history of GDM to impaired insulin secretion and sensitivity and, ultimately, to diabetes development.

scholarly journals Reduced Birth Weight, Decreased Early-Phase Insulin Secretion, and Increased Glucose Concentrations after Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Japanese Women Aged 20 Years with Family History of Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mari Honda ◽  
Ayaka Tsuboi ◽  
Satomi Minato-Inokawa ◽  
Kaori Kitaoka ◽  
Mika Takeuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
History Of

Introduction. We tested the hypothesis that family history of type 2 diabetes (FHD) is associated with reduced birth weight and reduced insulin secretion later in life. Materials and Methods. Birth weight, body composition by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance were compared between Japanese women aged 20 years with positive ( n = 73 ) and negative ( n = 258 ) FHD. A subsample of 153 women (57 with positive FHD) underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the most important determinants of FHD. Results. Women with positive as compared with negative FHD had lower birth weight ( 3132 ± 364 vs. 3238 ± 418   g , p = 0.04 ). However, the current fat mass index and trunk/leg fat ratio, sophisticated measures of general and abdominal fat accumulation, respectively, did not differ. Women with positive FHD had a lower insulinogenic index ( 2.4 ± 7.3 vs. 6.2 ± 16 , p = 0.007 ) and higher area under the glucose curve ( 217 ± 47 vs. 198 ± 36   mg /dL/2 h, p = 0.006 ). However, fasting and postload insulinemia, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, and Matsuda index did not differ. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, birth weight was marginally associated with FHD (odds ratio, 0.999; 95% confidential interval, 0.98-1.00000; p = 0.0509 ). Conclusions. FHD was associated not only with reduced birth weight but also with decreased early-phase insulin secretion and increased postload glucose concentrations in Japanese women aged 20 years. These findings may be in keeping with the fetal insulin hypothesis and provide some evidence that FHD can alter size at birth, probably through genetic and shared environmental components, which consequently resulted in decreased early-phase insulin secretion and increased glucose excursion in the early twenties. FHD was not related to sophisticated measures of general and abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance/sensitivity.

scholarly journals Serum adiponectin is associated with family history of diabetes independently of obesity and insulin resistance in healthy Korean men and women

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Woong Sull ◽  
Hee Jin Kim ◽  
Ji Eun Yun ◽  
Grace Kim ◽  
Eun Jung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
History Of

BackgroundAdiponectin has been reported as a new risk factor for the development of diabetes. However, it is not clear whether adiponectin levels are associated with family history of diabetes (FHD).ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to measure the independent association of serum adiponectin with FHD in relation to insulin resistance and obesity.MethodsIn 2006, a cross-sectional study was conducted in which waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and serum adiponectin were measured in 5919 healthy Korean men and women. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the association of serum adiponectin levels with FHD. The population was classified into two groups according to median values for each of the following variables: WC, BMI, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).ResultsThe positive FHD group had higher HOMA-IR and lower adiponectin levels in both men and women than those without FHD. Adiponectin levels were significantly associated with FHD in men and women respectively, after adjusting for age, BMI, and alcohol consumption (P=0.0123 and 0.0004). The relationship between adiponectin and FHD was similar between the high and low insulin resistance, BMI, and WC groups in male non-smokers and in all Korean women.ConclusionThese results confirm that adiponectin levels are associated with FHD. These data also suggest that the association of serum adiponectin with FHD may be independent of obesity and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Improvements in Glycemic Control After Acute ModerateIntensity Continuous or HighIntensity Interval Exercise Are Greater in South Asians Than White Europeans With Nondiabetic Hyperglycemia: A Randomized Crossover Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Sargeant ◽  
Charlotte Jelleyman ◽  
Nicole A. Coull ◽  
Charlotte L. Edwardson ◽  
Joseph Henson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Insulin Responses

<i>Objective:</i> To examine whether circulating metabolic responses to low-volume high-intensity interval (LV-HIIE) or continuous moderate-intensity aerobic (CME) exercise differ between white Europeans and South Asians with nondiabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH). <div><p><i>Research Design and Methods:</i> 13 white Europeans and 10 South Asians (combined median (IQR) age 67 (60–68) years, HbA1c 5.9 (5.8–6.1)% [41.0 (39.9–43.2) mmol·mol<sup>-1</sup>]) completed three 6-hour conditions (sedentary control [CON], LV-HIIE, CME) in a randomised order. Exercise conditions contained a single bout of LV-HIIE and CME respectively (each ending at 2h), with meals provided at 0 and 3h. Circulating glucose (primary outcome), insulin, insulin resistance index (IRI), triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acids were measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 3.5, 4, 5 and 6h. Data were analysed as post-exercise time-averaged area under the curve (AUC), adjusted for age, sex and pre-exercise AUC.</p> <p><i>Results:</i> Glucose was similar in each condition and ethnicity, with no condition-by-ethnicity interaction (<i>P</i>≥0.28). However, insulin was lower in LV-HIIE (mean [95% CI]: -44.4 [-23.7, -65.1] mU·L<sup>-1</sup>) and CME (-33.8 [-13.7, -53.9] mU·L<sup>-1</sup>) compared to CON. Insulin responses were greater in South Asians (interaction <i>P</i>=0.03) such that values were similar in each ethnicity during exercise conditions, despite being 33% higher in South Asians during CON. IRI followed a similar pattern to insulin. Lipids were unaffected by exercise.</p> <p><i>Conclusions:</i> Reductions in insulin and insulin resistance after acute LV-HIIE and CME are greater in South Asians than white Europeans with NDH. Further trials are required to examine longer-term impact of LV-HIIE and CME on cardiometabolic health.</p> </div> <br>

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