The prevalence and correlates of elder abuse and neglect in a rural community of Negeri Sembilan state: baseline findings from The Malaysian Elder Mistreatment Project (MAESTRO), a population-based survey

BackgroundAs Malaysia is fast becoming an ageing nation, the health, safety and welfare of elders are major societal concerns. Elder abuse is a phenomenon recognised abroad but less so locally. This paper presents the baseline findings from the Malaysian Elder Mistreatment Project (MAESTRO) study, the first community-based study on elder abuse in Malaysia.DesignCross-sectional study, analysing baseline findings of a cohort of older adults.SettingKuala Pilah district, Negeri Sembilan state, Malaysia.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of elder abuse among community dwelling older adults and its associated factors.ParticipantsA total of 2112 community dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above were recruited employing a multistage sampling using the national census.Primary and secondary outcome measuresElder abuse, measured using a validated instrument derived from previous literature and the modified Conflict Tactic Scales, similar to the Irish national prevalence survey on elder abuse with modification to local context. Factors associated with abuse and profiles of respondents were also examined.ResultsThe prevalence of overall abuse was reported to be 4.5% in the past 12 months. Psychological abuse was most common, followed by financial, physical, neglect and sexual abuse. Two or more occurrences of abusive acts were common, while clustering of various types of abuse was experienced by one-third of abused elders. Being male (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.15, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.78), being at risk of social isolation (aOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.58), a prior history of abuse (aOR 3.28, 95% CI 1.40 to 7.68) and depressive symptomatology (aOR 7.83, 95% CI 2.88 to 21.27) were independently associated with overall abuse.ConclusionElder abuse occurred among one in every 20 elders. The findings on elder abuse indicate the need to enhance elder protection in Malaysia, with both screening of and interventions for elder abuse.

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Validation of the German Life-Space Assessment (LSA-D): cross-sectional validation study in urban and rural community-dwelling older adults

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e049926

Author(s):

Sandra Angelika Mümken ◽

Paul Gellert ◽

Malte Stollwerck ◽

Julie Lorraine O'Sullivan ◽

Joern Kiselev

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Total Sample ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Life Space ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

ObjectivesTo develop a German version of the original University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment (LSA-D) for measurement of community mobility in older adults within the past 4 weeks and to evaluate its construct validity for urban and rural populations of older adults.DesignCross-sectional validation study.SettingTwo study centres in urban and rural German outpatient hospital settings.ParticipantsIn total, N=83 community-dwelling older adults were recruited (n=40 from urban and n=43 from rural areas; mean age was 78.5 years (SD=5.4); 49.4% men).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe final version of the translated LSA-D was related to limitations in activities and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/iADL) as primary outcome measure (primary hypothesis); and with sociodemographic factors, functional mobility, self-rated health, balance confidence and history of falls as secondary outcome measures to obtain construct validity. Further descriptive measurements of health included hand grip strength, screening of cognitive function, comorbidities and use of transportation. To assess construct validity, correlations between LSA-D and the primary and secondary outcome measures were examined for the total sample, and urban and rural subsamples using bivariate regression and multiple adjusted regression models. Descriptive analyses of LSA-D included different scoring methods for each region. All parameters were estimated using non-parametric bootstrapping procedure.ResultsIn the multiple adjusted model for the total sample, number of ADL/iADL limitations (β=−0.26; 95% CI=−0.42 to −0.08), Timed Up and Go Test (β=−0.37; 95% CI=−0.68 to −0.14), shared living arrangements (β=0.22; 95% CI=0.01 to 0.44) and history of falls in the past 6 months (β=−0.22; 95% CI=−0.41 to −0.05) showed significant associations with the LSA-D composite score, while living in urban area (β=−0.19; 95% CI=−0.42 to 0.03) and male gender (β=0.15; 95% CI=−0.04 to 0.35) were not significant.ConclusionThe LSA-D is a valid tool for measuring life-space mobility in German community-dwelling older adults within the past 4 weeks in ambulant urban and rural settings.Trial registration numberDRKS00019023.

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Elder abuse and health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults in India: results of a national survey in 2017-2018

Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect ◽

10.1080/08946566.2021.1970683 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Supa Pengpid ◽

Karl Peltzer

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

National Survey ◽

Elder Abuse ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

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LO13: Characteristics of emergency department visits by community-dwelling older adults who screened positive for elder abuse during home care assessments

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2019.56 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (S1) ◽

pp. S11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Mercier ◽

A. Jones ◽

A. Brousseau ◽

J. Hirdes ◽

F. Mowbray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Home Care ◽

Reporting System ◽

Elder Abuse ◽

Frailty Index ◽

Population Based ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Care Assessment ◽

Ed Visits ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Introduction: Elder abuse is infrequently detected in the emergency department (ED) and less than 2% are reported to proper law authorities by ED physicians. This study aims to examine the characteristics of community-dwelling older adults who screened positive for elder abuse during home care assessments and the epidemiology of ED visits by these patients relative to other home care patients. Methods: This study utilized a population-based retrospective cohort study of home care patients in Canada between April 1, 2007 and March 31, 2015. Standardized, comprehensive home care assessments were extracted from the Home Care Reporting System. A positive screen for elder abuse was defined as at least one these criteria: fearful of a caregiver; unusually poor hygiene; unexplained injuries; or neglected, abused, or mistreated. Home care assessments were linked to the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System in the regions and time periods in which population-based estimates could be obtained to identify all ED visits within 6 months of the home care assessment. Results: A total of 30,413 from the 2,401,492 patients (1.3%) screened positive for elder abuse during a home care assessment. They were more likely to be male (40.5% versus 35.3%, p < 0.001), to have a cognitive impairment (82.9% versus 65.3%, p < 0.001), a higher frailty index (0.27 versus 0.22, p < 0.001) and to exhibit more depressive symptoms (depression rating scale 1 or more: 68.7% versus 42.7%, p < 0.001). Patient who screened positive for elder abuse were less likely to be independent in activities of daily living (41.9% versus 52.7%, p < 0.001) and reported having fallen more frequently (44.2% versus 35.5%, p < 0.001). Caregiver expressing distress was associated with elder abuse (35.3% versus 18.3%, p < 0.001) but not a higher number of hours caring for the patient. Victims of elder abuse were more likely to attend the ED for low acuity conditions (Canadian triage and acuity scale (CTAS) 4 or 5). Diagnosis at discharge from ED were similar with the exception of acute intoxication that was more frequent in patients who are victims of abuse. Conclusion: Elder abuse is infrequently detected during home care assessments in community-dwelling older adults. Higher frailty index, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms were associated with elder abuse during homecare assessments. Patients who are victims of elder abuse are attending EDs more frequently for low acuity conditions but ED diagnosis at discharge, except for acute intoxication, are similar.

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Humor in aging: is it able to enhance wellbeing in community dwelling older adults?

Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society ◽

10.12681/psy_hps.25342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 128

Author(s):

Maria Giapraki ◽

Despina Moraitou ◽

Christos Pezirkianidis ◽

Anastassios Stalikas

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Psychological Intervention ◽

Care Center ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Control Group ◽

Psychological Flourishing ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

The present study aimed at examining the effects of humor on community-dwelling older adults’ wellbeing. A humor-based intervention was introduced to older adults - members of the Open Care Center for Older Adults, in order to enhance five components of wellbeing as psychological flourishing (positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment). The sample consisted of 40 (20 male, 20 female) participants aged 65-91 years old, screened for depressive symptomatology and objective cognitive impairment. Participants were randomly divided into two groups (experimental / control group), matched in age, gender, and education, and were assigned two different researcher-administered tasks (recollection of humorous events / recollection of early memories) respectively. The Positive Psychological Intervention (PPI) of humor and the control condition lasted one month. Wellbeing was measured by the PERMA Profiler instrument at three times (pretest, posttest, follow-up). The results regarding the specific components of wellbeing as psychological flourishing showed that only the participants in the experimental condition tended to score higher in the posttest assessment compared to the pretest measurement and these results remained relatively unaffected one month after the intervention (follow-up). Hence a humor-based intervention could indeed contribute to the improvement of wellbeing as psychological flourishing in aging.

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The Effect of Co-dependent (Thinking in Motion [tim]) Versus Single-modality (Cognifit) Interventions on Cognition and Gait Among Community Dwelling Older Adults With Cognitive Decline: a Randomized Controlled Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-707056/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Shiri Embon-Magal ◽

Tal Krasovsky ◽

Israel Doron ◽

Kfir Asraf ◽

Iris Haimov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Dual Task ◽

Group Intervention ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽

Single Modality

Abstract Background. Cognition and motor skills are interrelated throughout the aging process and often show simultaneous deterioration among older adults with cognitive decline. Co-dependent training has the potential to ameliorate both domains; however, its effect on the gait and cognition of older adults with cognitive decline has yet to be explored. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of the well-established single-modality cognitive computerized training program, CogniFit, with “Thinking in motion (TIM),” a co-dependent group intervention, among community-dwelling older adults with cognitive decline. Methods. Employing a single-blind randomized control trial design, 47 community-dwelling older adults with cognitive decline were randomly assigned to eight-week thrice weekly trainings of TIM or CogniFit. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included cognitive performance, evaluated by a CogniFit battery, as a primary outcome, and gait, under single- and dual-task conditions, as a secondary outcome. Results. CogniFit total Z scores significantly improved from baseline to post-intervention for both groups. There was a significant main effect for time [F (1, 44) = 17.43, p<.001, ηp2=.283] but not for group [F (1, 44) = 0.001, p=.970]. No time X group interaction [F (1, 44) = 1.29, p=.261] was found. No changes in gait performance under single and dual-task performance were observed in both groups. Conclusions. The findings show that single-modality (CogniFit) and co-dependent (TIM) trainings improve cognition but not gait in older adults with cognitive decline. Such investigations should be extended to include various populations and a broader set of outcome measurements. Trial registration: anzctr Id: 371522. Date: 08/11/2016

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Association Between Frailty and Elder Abuse in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Mexico City

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/jgs.15489 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (9) ◽

pp. 1773-1778 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sara Torres-Castro ◽

Claudia Szlejf ◽

Lorena Parra-Rodríguez ◽

Oscar Rosas-Carrasco

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Mexico City ◽

Elder Abuse ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

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Validation of the German version of the Life-Space Assessment LSA-D

10.1101/2021.01.13.21249715 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sandra A. Mümken ◽

Paul Gellert ◽

Malte Stollwerck ◽

Julie L. O’Sullivan ◽

Jörn Kiselev

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Total Sample ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Life Space ◽

The Past ◽

Rural Settings ◽

History Of ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a German version of the original University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment (LSA-D) for measurement of community mobility in older adults within the past 4 weeks and to evaluate its psychometric properties for urban and rural populations of older adults.DesignCross-sectional validation study.SettingTwo study centres in urban and rural German outpatient hospital settings.ParticipantsIn total N=83 community-dwelling older adults were recruited (n=40 from urban and n=43 from rural areas; mean age was 78.5 (SD=5.4); 49% male).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe final version of the translated LSA-D was related with questions about activities and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/iADL; primary hypothesis), Timed-Up&Go-Test (TUG), self-rated health, balance confidence and history of falls, use of transportation, and sociodemographic factors to obtain construct validity. Secondary outcome measures of health included handgrip strength, screening of cognitive function and comorbidities. To assess conduct construct validity, correlations between LSA-D and all health measures were examined for total sample, urban and rural subsamples using bivariate regression and multiple adjusted regression models. Posthoc analyses included different LSA-D scoring methods for each region. All parameters were estimated using non-parametric bootstrapping procedure.ResultsIn the multiple adjusted model for the total sample, number of ADL/iADL limitations (β=-.26; 95%CI=-.42/-.08), TUG (β=-.37; 95%CI=-.68/-.14), living in shared living arrangements (β=.22; 95%CI=.01/.44) and history of falls in the past 6 months (β=-.22; 95%CI=-.41/-.05) showed significant associations with the LSA-D composite score, while living in urban area (β=-.19; 95%CI=-.42/.03) and male gender (β=.15; 95%CI=-.04/.35) were not significant.ConclusionThe LSA-D is a valid tool for measuring life-space mobility in German community-dwelling older adults within the past four weeks in ambulant urban and rural settings.Trial registration numberDRKS00019023Strengths and limitations of this studyGerman validation of the original UAB Life-Space Assessment (LSA-D) for community dwelling older adults in urban and rural settingsUsing bootstrapped bivariate and multiple adjusted regression models to attain construct validity of the LSA-DRecruitment had to be stopped shortly before reaching the calculated sample size due to the decision to restrict in face-to-face research to contain the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in March 2020

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Risk Factors Influencing Probability and Severity of Elder Abuse in Community-dwelling Older Adults: Applying Zero-inflated Negative Binomial Modeling of Abuse Count Data

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing ◽

10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.819 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 819 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mi Heui Jang ◽

Chang Gi Park

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Count Data ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Elder Abuse ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Binomial Modeling ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

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DETECTION OF ELDER ABUSE BY FAMILY PHYSICIANS IN MONGOLIA: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2736 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S747-S747

Author(s):

Ariunsanaa Bagaajav

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Elder Abuse ◽

Family Physicians ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

World Health ◽

Health Providers ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Primary Health ◽

Data Collection And Analysis ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Elder abuse (EA) is a significant global social problem that jeopardizes the health and wellbeing of older adults around the world. Health providers can play a pivotal role in detection of EA and accessing resources and interventions. In Mongolia, where elder abuse is not widely recognized, family physicians (FPs) are particularly critical, providing frequent contact and home visits free of charge to community-dwelling older adults. However, little is known about FP knowledge and engagement with potential victims of EA. We interviewed 12 FPs from Ulaanbaatar participated via Skype about their knowledge of and responses to EA, using Grounded Theory data collection and analysis. All respondents reported encountering at least one case of EA in practice, and described the creative strategies they used to engage older patients, detect abuse, and prevent further harm. We present significant implications for guidelines for identification and prevention of EA in primary health care.

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